Abstract: A supercritical CO2 boiler capable of realizing uniform combustion, corrosion resistance and coking resistance, and a boiler system are provided. The supercritical CO2 boiler includes a main combustion chamber, an upper furnace, a furnace arch and a flue, wherein a cross section of the main combustion chamber is circular or oval, or is of an N-sided shape, where N>4; at least four burner groups are disposed on the main combustion chamber, each group of burner nozzles corresponding to each burner group includes a recirculating air nozzle, a primary air nozzle and a secondary air nozzle; lateral recirculating air nozzles symmetrically distributed are respectively disposed at two sides of the primary air nozzle, the recirculating air nozzle and the lateral recirculating air nozzle are configured to feed recirculating flue gas or a mixed gas of the recirculating flue gas and secondary air into the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: A hydronic heating system employing comprises a water line, two or more boilers, and a control. In operation, the water line facilitates a circulation of water through a building and the boilers heat the water as the water flows through the water line. The control calculates a system energy load for operating boilers. The calculation of the system energy load is a function of a set-point water temperature for the hydronic heating system, a supply water temperature of water flowing relative to a supply point of the water line, a return water temperature of water flowing relative to return point of the water line and a flow rate of water flowing relative to a flow sense point of the water line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for burning lime mud into lime in a lime kiln. The lime mud flows counter-currently to flue gases from a feed end to a firing end and the fuel used is flue gas that is produced by gasifying a fuel in the presence of combustion air in a gasifier. The combustion air for gasification is preheated with heat generated in lime mud combustion. The arrangement is provided with a conduit between the lime kiln and the gasifier for leading air from the lime kiln into the gasifier as combustion air. At least a portion of the combustion air for gasification is preheated with heat generated in the lime mud combustion so that air is led into cooling of lime obtained in the combustion and further into the kiln, from or through the firing end of which air is taken into the gasification.

Abstract: Heating devices and methods for mitigating heating device pollution are generally described. In an example embodiment, a heating device includes a primary combustion chamber for combustion of a fuel. A first and a second secondary combustion chamber are in fluid communication with the primary combustion chamber for receiving an exhaust flow of combustion products from the primary combustion chamber and are configured for combustion of one or more combustion products received from the primary combustion chamber. The first and second secondary combustion chambers may provide parallel fluid paths from the primary combustion chamber. A secondary combustion selector is provided for selectively allowing the exhaust flow through the first and second secondary combustion chambers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning hydrocarbons or other combustible liquids and gases, the apparatus (APP) has been provided with at least one inlet for a liquid and/or gaseous fuel (FUE) and air (AIR) and at least one outlet (EXHG) for gases for removing the gases (EXHG) generated in the apparatus (APP), at least one measurement and adjustment unit (C) for adjusting the amount of fuel (FUE) and air (AIR), at least one pre-combustion zone (Cz11, Cz12, Tz1) for the partial combustion of gases, and at least one post-combustion zone (Tz2, Cz21, Cz22) for the combustion of gases generated in pre-combustion, for the reduction of NOx's produced in pre-combustion, and/or for the oxidation of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions.

Abstract: An energy and steel recovery system has a suspension column and a plurality of suspension supports operably disposed therein wherein the supports are spaced from one another along the length of thereof. The suspension column includes a mechanism for receiving tires and other wastes with an energy value onto one of the supports and feeding the tires to an adjacent downwardly disposed support to further gasify the same under low oxygen to preclude combustion. The column is configured to provide for a number of zones including heating, drying, volatizing, and fixed carbon formation which are collectively referred to herein as a “fractionation process.

Abstract: A method for optimizing the burnout of exhaust gases of an incinerator includes introducing a solid material via an inlet into a combustion chamber defining a primary combustion space, combusting the solid material in the primary combustion space, in the form of a combustion bed conveyed over a combustion grate, with admission of primary air, discharging the combusted solid material from the primary combustion space via an outlet arranged opposite the inlet in the conveying direction, combusting the primary combustion gases released during the combustion of the solid material, with admission of secondary air, in a secondary combustion chamber defining a secondary combustion space and arranged downstream of the combustion chamber in the flow direction of the combustion gases, and homogenizing the exhaust gases containing the primary combustion gases in a mixing zone by means of a fluid introduced via a nozzle before entry into the secondary combustion space.

Abstract: To suppress the generation of clinker so as to prevent the generation of a burning trouble, ceramic particles 30 are covered over a porous plate 4 to form a fire bed 3. Woody pellets 31 are scattered on the fire bed and combustion air is ejected from the lower side of the porous plate so as to burn the pellets. At the time of discharging ash generated by the burning to a secondary combustion space on the downstream side together with an air current of the combustion air or combustion gas, the ceramic particle layers and the woody pellet layer are stirred by a stirring section 21, 22 to thereby break clinker of the combustion ash formed in the fire bed, whereby the growth of the clinker is suppressed and the generation of a burning trouble is prevented.

Abstract: A system for converting fuel may include a first moving bed reactor, a second reactor, and a non-mechanical valve. The first moving bed reactor may include at least one tapered section and multiple injection gas ports. The multiple injection gas ports may be configured to deliver a fuel to the first moving bed reactor. The first moving bed reactor may be configured to reduce an oxygen carrying material with a fuel by defining a countercurrent flowpath for the fuel relative to the oxygen carrying material. The second reactor may communicate with the first moving bed reactor and may be operable to receive an oxygen source. The second reactor may be configured to regenerate the reduced oxygen carrying material by oxidation.

Abstract: An apparatus of controlling oxygen supply for a boiler having wind boxes 2a and 2b arranged on left and right of a boiler body 1 is configured to control supply balance of oxygen by adjusting oxygen supply opening degrees of the left and right oxygen distribution dampers 15a and 15b in accordance with a oxygen supply flow rate and left and right actually measured oxygen concentrations when controlling the oxygen supply amounts and to control the exhaust gas flow rates by correcting an exhaust gas flow rate set value corresponding to a boiler load demand in accordance with an oxygen concentration set value corresponding to a boiler load demand, left and right actually measured exhaust gas flow rates and left and right actually measured oxygen concentrations and adjusting left and right exhaust gas introduction opening degrees of the left and right exhaust gas introduction dampers 8a and 8b when controlling the exhaust gas flow rates.

Abstract: A combustor of the type used for producing energy using biomass as fuel, wherein the combustor comprises at least one cyclonic and refractory combustion chamber, said combustion chamber being of a compact size, said combustor defines a means for carrying out the process of pyrolyzing, gasification, reduction and oxidation instantaneously, preheating means define the air temperature which is in a fuel-air ratio close to the stoichiometric ?=1, stabilizing means define the automatic control of the system by regulating the air and fuel flow. The biomass to be used as fuel in the present invention must be of millimetric size and the humidity content must not be greater than 30%. It can be used any kind of dry matter of vegetable or peat of different calorific power. The heat generated may be used in all conventional techniques.

Abstract: Described herein are embodiments of systems and methods for oxidizing gases. In some embodiments, a reaction chamber is configured to receive a fuel gas and maintain the gas at a temperature within the reaction chamber that is above an autoignition temperature of the gas. The reaction chamber may also be configured to maintain a reaction temperature within the reaction chamber below a flameout temperature. In some embodiments, heat and product gases from the oxidation process can be used, for example, to drive a turbine, reciprocating engine, and injected back into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: An improved oil preheater assembly for a waste oil burner that significantly reduces the labor time required to perform routine maintenance. This is accomplished by incorporating a removable cover to directly access the heated oil passages for cleaning thereby providing a simplified method of access to the areas most often requiring routine maintenance. Additionally this design provides an improved electrical control system which significantly reduces electrical energy consumption and the formation of oil carbonization when oil burner heat output is not required. Additionally this design incorporates a nozzle cleaning system for a low pressure siphoning type of discharge nozzle which can remove carbonization and other nozzle contamination and obstructions without the disassembly of components.

Abstract: A furnace includes a primary and secondary combustion chamber. Heated air from the secondary combustion chamber travels through a vertically-oriented set of flues, and two horizontally-oriented sets of flues before exiting through a chimney.

Abstract: The invention proposes an arrangement for burning blast furnace off-gas from a bleeder valve. It comprises a bleeder valve (20) having a fixed hollow valve body (22) defining an outlet (26) and a valve seat and a movable obturator (24) that cooperates with the valve seat for closing the bleeder valve and releasing blast furnace off-gas through the outlet. The arrangement includes an apparatus for combustion of blast furnace off-gas released by the bleeder valve (20). This apparatus is characterized by an ignition device (32, 38, 40, 42, 44) that is arranged on or adjacent the valve body or the moveable obturator of the bleeder valve (20) itself. The ignition device (32, 38, 40, 42, 44) has its spatial ignition range located downstream the outlet in a region where blast furnace off-gas released through the outlet mixes with ambient air when the obturator is in an open position so as to allow open-air combustion of blast furnace off-gas released into ambient air at the location of the bleeder valve.

Abstract: A process heater system (10) for an industrial envelope (11) comprises a main combustion chamber (20), an afterburner (30), and an exhaust stack (40). Retrofitted heat-recovery piping (50) receives combustion gas downstream of the afterburner (30) and uses it as a heat source for the industrial envelope. When the industrial load in the main combustion chamber (20) is paint, powder coating, varnish, epoxy, grease and/or oil, the secondary materials burned in the afterburner 30 can be considered alternative fuel, not solid wastes.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for using a facility in which circulates at least one oxide which is reduced and then oxidized in each of both reactors (1, 4) and including a reactor (1) for reducing oxide in which enter a grounded solid fuel material (E1) and oxide (E2), a lower efficiency separation device (2) receiving entrained solids from the reactor (1) for reducing oxide the upper stream of the solids of the lower efficiency separation device (2) being circulated into a higher efficiency separation device (6), in order to separate the solids from the gases and to re-introduce the solids into the reactor (1) for reducing oxides, a carbon separator (3) installed at the outlet of the lower efficiency separation device (2) in order to send the carbonaceous particles into the reactor (1) for reducing oxide and the oxide into a reactor (4) for oxidizing oxide and a separation device (5) receiving entrained solids from the reactor (4) for oxidizing oxide.

Abstract: The inventive multi-level furnace comprises a furnace wall delimiting a cylindrical space having a vertical axis, a plurality of beds defining the levels inside said cylindrical space and at least one scraping arm which is provided with a wall scraper and associated with the bed in such a way that it is rotatable about the vertical axis of the furnace. During scraping arm rotation, said wall scraper defines a scraped area on the internal surface of the furnace wall which comprises a plurality of wall cavities forming a row of access openings in the scraped area, thereby making it possible to avoid the formation of a hardened crust adhered to the internal surface of the furnace wall and to develop braking shocks in the scraping arm.

Abstract: A spent liquor recovery boiler system including a boiler having a water/steam circulation system with superheaters and a furnace for recovering energy and chemicals from spent liquor combusted therein, the walls of the boiler are formed of a plurality of water-cooled tubes connected to the water/steam circulation system. The system is provided with at least one cavity having walls formed of water-cooled tubes connected to the water/steam circulation system, means for combusting a fuel and at least one outlet for discharging combustion gases to the boiler, the interior of the at least one cavity being provided with heat exchanger means for final superheating of the steam generated in the boiler, said heat exchanger means being connected to the superheaters of the boiler.

Abstract: A furnace includes a primary and secondary combustion chamber. Heated air from the secondary combustion chamber travels through a vertically-oriented set of flues, and two horizontally-oriented sets of flues before exiting through a chimney.

Abstract: An energy and steel recovery system has a suspension column and a plurality of suspension burners operably disposed therein wherein the burners are laterally spaced from one another along the length of thereof. The suspension column includes a mechanism for receiving tires onto one of the burners and feeding the tired to an adjacent downwardly disposed burner to further combust the same. A first conduit includes a first end communicably connected to the suspension column and a second end communicably connected to a boiler wherein air flow passes from the boiler to the suspension column. A second conduit includes a first end communicably connected to the suspension column and a second end communicably connected to the boiler wherein air flow passes from the suspension column to the return air flow path of the boiler. The system includes a mechanism for removing residual waste materials from the suspension column.

Abstract: The smokeless burning equipment is capable of burning undried plant-origin materials as fuel, burning waste plastics, preventing generation of smoke and reducing ash. The smokeless burning equipment comprises: a material/air inlet located close to one end of an upper wall of a burning chamber; an inlet lid for opening and closing the material/air inlet; an air outlet located close to the other end of the upper wall; a burn-promoting plate dividing the burning chamber into a primary burning chamber and a secondary burning chamber and being downwardly extended from the upper ceiling wall; a communication path communicating the primary and secondary burning chambers and being formed under the lower end of the burn-promoting plate; through-holes being dispersedly formed in the burn-promoting plate; a dry wood inlet provided to the secondary burning chamber and located under the air outlet; and a guide tube for guiding dry a dry wood, the guide tube attached to the dry wood inlet.

Abstract: A process for incinerating combustible materials including the steps of: delivering combustible material and inlet gases to a primary combustion chamber, the inlet gases having an oxygen content of at least 50 vol %; burning the combustible material with the oxygen of the inlet gases in the primary combustion chamber producing flue gases and solid particulates as thermal decomposition products of the burnt combustible material; passing the flue gases and particulates to a secondary combustion chamber where further combustion occurs; cooling the flue gases exiting the secondary combustion chamber; returning a portion of the cooled flue gases to at least one of the combustion chambers where the cooled gases moderate the temperature in the at least one chamber; and passing the remaining portion of cooled flue gases on to a flue gas purification system where pollutants in the flue gases and particulates are substantially converted to benign compounds or removed entirely before the flue gases are emitted into the

Abstract: A resources reclaiming apparatus includes a furnace having an interior spacer. The spacer has one end forming an arched section with a distal end tilted upwards forming a sloped section extruded to form a plane spacer having a firing port therein, thereby dividing the furnace into first and second combustion chambers. The furnace has intake ports located on the right side abutting an upper end of the furnace and air ducts atop intake ports. The air ducts have one end extending into an end of a scattering and dispensing chamber. Materials convey to the scattering and dispensing chamber and dispense to the combustion chamber of the furnace through the air ducts to burn at high temperatures for molting. Fire channels to the arched and sloped sections of the spacer directed upwards to circulate and lengthen burning period. Thereby hazardous materials decompose and vitrify for storing.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and device for converting energy by combustion of solid fuel, especially incineration of bio-organic fuels and municipal solid waste to produce heat energy and which operates with very low levels of NOx, CO and fly ash, in which that the oxygen flow in the first and second combustion chambers in at least one separate zone and by sealing off the entire combustion chambers in order to eliminate penetration of false air into the chambers, the temperatures in the first and second combustion chamber are strictly controlled, in addition to the regulation of the oxygen flow, by admixing a regulated amount of recycled flue gas with the fresh air which is being led into each of the chambers in each of the at least one separate zones, and both the recycled flue gas and fresh combustion gases are filtered in unburned solid waste in the first combustion chamber by sending the unburned solid waste and the gases in a counter-flow before entering the gases into the second combustion chambe

Abstract: A method of operating a multiple hearth furnace with a plurality of vertically aligned hearth floors includes feeding a first material onto the uppermost hearth floor and moving it over the hearth floor before it falls through a drop hole onto the next lower hearth floor. The first material is processed in this way from hearth floor to hearth floor to the lowermost hearth floor. A second material is fed onto one of the hearth floors to be mixed into the first material. This second material is moved separately from the first material in a separate annular zone of the hearth floor onto which it is fed before it is mixed into the first material, providing an efficient thermal preconditioning of the second material prior to mixing it with the first material without requiring any supplemental equipment.

Abstract: A fluidized bed incinerator having a combustion furnace includes first to fourth combustion sections. Fuel is supplied to the first combustion section and an combustion exhaust gas is exhausted after the fourth combustion section. First to fourth airs are supplied to the first to fourth combustion sections in first to fourth air surplus rates, respectively. The second air surplus rate is equal to or more than the first air surplus rate, the third air surplus rate is equal to or more than the second air surplus rate, and the fourth air surplus rate is equal to or more than the third air surplus rate.

Abstract: A furnace design that combines the benefits of oxygen enriched combustion, intense flame radiation, highly preheated combustion air, exhaust gas recirculation, buoyancy driven flows and NOx reburn chemistry in a single unit to significantly reduce energy consumption and pollutant formation. The furnace also allows burning low calorie fuels and fuels of different types. It substantially increases the level of radiation heat transfer and its uniformity, thereby enhancing furnace productivity and provides an oxygen free atmosphere to prevent oxidation of materials being heated.

Abstract: A method of disposing of combustible materials. The method includes the steps of: providing a heating space; providing a first source to generate heat to a first predetermined level at a first location in the heating space sufficient to reconstitute the combustible materials to a molten slag at the first location and so that heat generated by the first source elevates the temperature at a second location within the heating space to a second predetermined heat level that is below the predetermined heat level and high enough to cause combustion of the combustible materials; directing combustible materials to the second location at which the combustible materials are combusted to produce ash; and causing the ash to be directed to the first location to be reconstituted as molten slag.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multifunctional disposal apparatus for performing disposal by incineration, desiccation, fusion, degradation, ash melting and others on an object to be disposed such as raw refuse, general garbage, sludge, expanded polystyrene and others produced from a manufacturing plant, a service providing facility, a wholesale market, a general firm, a general store, a general house and others. [Structure] In a multifunctional disposal apparatus comprising: a dry combustion furnace; a kiln furnace; a first smoke feeding portion; a second smoke feeding portion; a smoke combustion portion; a dust filter portion; a second smoke feeding portion; an air heating portion; and a cooling tank portion, the present invention has such structure as that a flow of air is generated in one direction from the cooling tank to the second smoke feeding portion to form a vacuum.

Abstract: An energy conversion system which comprises a solid fuel fed combustor system having a first chamber portion with an inlet feed for feeding a metered amount of a solid fuel thereto, a first burner stage having a first traveling conveyor firebelt, a metered amount of air introduced in progressively increasing proportions along the length of the first traveling conveyor. A second burner stage having a second traveling conveyor firebelt with air introduced in a progressively decreasing amount along the length of said second traveling conveyor firebelt and a controller for controlling air introduced to the system. The chamber has a sloped common roof section common to the burner stages and is made of radiative energy reflective fire brick and angled to reflect radiative energy generated from fuel traveling on the traveling conveyor firebelts and directing the radiative energy on fuel traveling on the first firebelt.

Abstract: A process for the incineration of particulate solids, especially biological waste matter with low caloric value, feeds the solids into a combustion chamber of a furnace together with a sub-stoichiometric amount of fresh air to control the rate of combustion and to inhibit the formation of sintered ash. The furnace for implementing the process can be a cyclone furnace having a primary combustion chamber with a first feed inlet for the solids and air and a second air inlet positioned between the first inlet and an exhaust gas outlet. A supply tube extends through the exhaust gas outlet of the primary combustion chamber to supply a source of fresh air at ambient temperature to maintain the primary combustion chamber at a desired temperature. The fresh air maintains the furnace temperature at least at about 850° C. and generally at about 850° C. to less than about 1100° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides an incinerator for removing toxic substances contained in a flue gas. That is, there is here disclosed an incinerator for removing toxic substances in which a removal section for removing the toxic substances generated from a burning section is connected to the burning section for burning incineration substances, and an air flow of from the burning section to the removal section is prepared by a suction type negative pressure means or by an air duct type negative pressure means, so that a negative pressure condition is always maintained in the burning section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating combustibles by slagging combustion, such as municipal wastes, plastic wastes, sewage sludges, or automobile wastes. Combustibles and oxygen-containing gas are supplied to a slagging combustion furnace (3), and the combustibles are partially oxidized under a reducing atmosphere in a primary combustion chamber (8) to obtain combustible gas and convert ash content in the combustibles into molten slag which is discharged from a slag separation chamber (10), and then the combustible gas is completely combusted in a secondary combustion chamber (9) by supplying oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: This invention is a mass incinerator for burning various rubbishes (life rubbishes, industry wastes, hospital rubbishes and like) and flammable wastes (hospital wastes, poison material and like) under high temperature atmosphere. In particularly; to an incinerator in which the combustion chambers 101 constructed in a dome form and the auxiliar combustion chambers 102 are connected alternately to form a tunnel shape. An air supply chamber 104 is formed between the outside wall and the inside wall of the combustion chamber 101. The materials being burned are inputted through the double hinged gate so that the soot or the dust is not scattered outward. The input during the combustion process is possible to improve the treating whereby rubbishes or wastes are completely burnt to prevent the environmental pollutant such as heavy metal material or dioxin as well as soot from discharging.

Abstract: A process for the incineration of particulate solids, especially biological waste matter with low caloric value, feeds the solids into a combustion chamber of a furnace together with a sub-stoichiometric amount of fresh air to control the rate of combustion and to inhibit the formation of sintered ash. The furnace for implementing the process can be a cyclone furnace having a primary combustion chamber with a first feed inlet for the solids and air and a second air inlet positioned between the first inlet and an exhaust gas outlet. A supply tube extends through the exhaust gas outlet of the primary combustion chamber to supply a source of fresh air at ambient temperature to maintain the primary combustion chamber at a desired temperature. The fresh air maintains the furnace temperature at least at about 850° C. and generally at about 850° C. to less than about 1100° C.

Abstract: The firing performance of a radial, scroll, or vortex cyclone furnace can be improved when firing difficult to burn materials having a relatively low heating value or a relatively high moisture content, such as sub-bituminous and lignite coals. This can be achieved by introducing additionally heated primary air into the burner of the radial and vortex cyclone furnace or separately introducing preheated or additionally heated auxiliary air into the scroll burner. Moreover, additionally heated tertiary air can be introduced into the radial and scroll burners to further improve firing performance. Moreover, additionally heated primary air can be mixed with the coal before introducing the mixture into the scroll burner to further improve firing performance.

Abstract: At least one main combustion chamber contains at least one pulverized coal burner. Each pulverized coal burner is operatively arranged for minimizing NO.sub.X production and for maintaining a predetermined operating temperature to liquefy ash within the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber includes a slag drain for removing slag from the combustion chamber. A slag screen is positioned in a generally U-shaped furnace flow pattern. The slag screen is positioned between the combustion chamber and a radiant furnace. The radiant furnace includes a reburning zone for in-furnace No.sub.X reduction. The reburning zone extends between a reburning fuel injection source and at least one overfire air injection port for injecting air.

Abstract: A waste treatment furnace includes a first waste treatment chamber with a first burner chamber communicating therewith, and a second waste treatment chamber with a second burner chamber communicating therewith. A common bottom wall is positioned under the first and second waste treatment chambers which is inclined downwardly from the first chamber to the second chamber to facilitate transfer of waste. Each burner chamber includes a burner and a plurality of protuberances disposed across its inner surface. The protuberances effectively reflect heat from the first and second burners so that the heater air in the first and second burner chambers is homogenized.

Abstract: A system and a process for combusting hydrocarbons to recover energy and the carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion is provided. The process utilizes a two-stage combustion process, each stage utilizing water injection and a recirculation stream to increase the efficiency of combustion to generate larger proportions of carbon dioxide. An energy recovery boiler is used to recover heat energy from the combustion product. Combustion product is then cleaned and the carbon dioxide is separated and condensed into a useable liquid carbon dioxide product.

Abstract: The specification describes a system for the thermal treatment of energetic materials which generate a tremendous volume of gaseous products upon combustion. The system includes a containment system which maintains an interface between hot exhaust gas products and a cooler gas, yet allows the relatively slow removal and treatment of the exhaust gas products from the containment system while permitting the inflow of gas into the containment system to replace an equivalent volume of exhaust gas products removed therefrom.

Abstract: A process and plant for improving the incineration of fuels, in order to reduce the production of noxious gases, particularly nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.X) and also to reduce the emission of dioxines and furans when incinerating solid or liquid wastes containing precursors of dioxines and furans. Air containing an excess of oxygen is used for incinerating the combustible materials. The amount of oxygen contained in the enriched air is preferably of about 30 to 35% with respect to the normal content of oxygen (23.19%). The plant comprises essentially at least one combustion chamber and an equipment for supplying air enriched with oxygen to said combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calcining limestone to produce lime wherein coal is combusted to provide heat for the calcination. The coal is combusted in a two stage combustion unit, with at least seventy-five percent of the slag formed by the coal combustion removed from the first stage of the combustion unit. Residual gases and fuel are further combusted in the second stage of the two stage combustor, with hot combustion gases therefrom, having the molten slag removed, fed directly to the calcining chamber of a rotary lime kiln. The coal may be carbonized to form a char and a fuel gas for use in the two stage combustor.

Abstract: Apparatus for burning material such as fuel, waste material and the like, which when burned produces gases within which pollutants are entrained and for cleaning the gases. The apparatus comprises at least two combustion chambers, comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the chambers being in vertical and lateral stepped adjacency; the lower chamber comprising a grate upon which material is to be burned disposed at a predetermined level; the upper chamber comprising a grate upon which material is to be burned, disposed at a level above the lower chamber grate.

Abstract: A combustion system for domestic or small industrial heating needs, utilizing biomass fuels such as wood and brush chips, sawdust, logs, nut hulls, peat, leaves and other organic waste products of forestry, agriculture and industry with essentially smokeless, clean exhaust. By preheating the combustion air, insulating the combustion process and carefully controlling the fuel to air proportions and mixing parameters, essentially complete combustion with very little excess air at high temperatures is achieved even with fuels containing over half their weight in water. This water is then condensed out of the exhaust gases in uniquely designed air and water counterflow heat exchangers that can capture over 90% of the high heat value of the fuel. This invention is capable of maintaining clean combustion at high temperatures with little excess air, at burn rates much lower than the best popular "air-tight" woodstoves and is capable of higher heat outputs than most domestic heat plants.

Abstract: Apparatus for burning material such as fuel, waste material and the like, which when burned produces gases within which pollutants are entrained and for cleaning the gases. The apparatus comprises an incinerator or a furnace having a combustion chamber in which the material is burned and in which tubes, preferably apertured, extend through the burning coke to which solid fuels are reduced and through the flames of an oil burner gun, for example within the confines of the combustion chamber which in such an instance is also a refractory chamber, act to conduct the polluted gases of combustion from the burning material through the same burning material where they are super heated and cleaned.

Abstract: A furnace adapted to burn wood chips and wood particles and including an inner cylinder adapted to be positioned in horizontal relation and including a primary combustion area. A funnel assembly is provided for supporting a quantity of wood particles and for funneling the wood particles into the primary combustion area of the inner cylinder. A second cylinder is also provided, the second cylinder having a length greater than that of the inner cylinder and having one end which surrounds the inner cylinder such that the inner cylinder and the second cylinder define an air space therebetween. The other end of the second cylinder defines a secondary combustion area where the combustion gases from the primary combustion area are mixed with secondary air.

Abstract: In the combustion of waste mineral-bearing liquid streams, an improved type of construction for the combustion chamber, for the combustion of waste mineral-bearing liquid streams which permits continuous removal of solid particulate waste. An annular water channel is fitted inside of the outer shell of the combustion chamber at the bottom. The bottom of the chamber is closed off with a funnel-shaped, inverted conical floor, having a drain outlet at its center. An opening is provided in the side of the combustion chamber just above the bottom, for the exit of downflowing products of combustion. Water is supplied to the annular channel and flows through a longitudinal gap in the inner wall, to fall onto the funnel-shaped floor plate, to wash down all of the particulate matter that collects on the bottom plate, into the drain. Thus, the waste is removed as it is formed.

Abstract: The incinerator is made up of an inner housing located within an outer housing and which have spaced apart walls forming an interior space therebetween. The inner and outer housings have aligned upper openings with insulated closure members. A central chamber extends from the upper opening of the inner housing to a lower position for receiving material to be burned. An upper chamber holding a heat activated odor reducing catalyst surrounds the upper portion of the central chamber. A gas collection chamber surrounds the upper chamber and an exhaust blower is provided for drawing gas from the central chamber to the interior space by way of the heat activated odor reducing catalyst and the collection chamber. A heater is provided for preheating the heat activated odor reducing catalyst. A second exhaust blower is provided for drawing gas from the interior space to the atmosphere. A main heater is located within the lower portion of the central chamber for burning the material deposited therein.

Abstract: A dual stage combustion furnace has primary and secondary combustion chambers. The primary combustion chamber contains a solid fuel, such as wood or coal. The secondary combustion chamber is formed adjacent to and in communication with the primary combustion chamber for containing and igniting volatile combustion gases produced in the primary chamber. A plurality of hollow members, which provide a grate, extend through the primary chamber, and into the secondary chamber. Volatile gases given off in the primary combustion chamber are then ignited and burned in the secondary combustion chamber upon combination with heated air passing through the hollow grate members.