Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for incinerating successive batches of waste material are provided wherein each batch is introduced into a primary combustion zone and substochiometrically combusted with air introduced therein, the combustion gases produced in the primary combustion zone are conducted to a secondary combustion zone wherein they are combined with secondary air and further combusted and the combustion gases produced in the secondary combustion zone are withdrawn therefrom. By the present invention, the rate of secondary air combined with the combustion gases in the secondary combustion zone is controlled to maintain the combustion gases withdrawn therefrom at a substantially constant selected temperature level during the peak incineration stage of each waste batch.

Abstract: Presented is a method and apparatus for incorporating an incandescent filter for products of combustion in the combustion chamber of a furnace including a grate and an exit slot for products of combustion located above the level of the grate. Incandescent coals from the fuel being burned obstruct the exit slot, and products of combustion must pass through the incandescent coals. In one aspect, water tubes line the walls of the combustion chamber, primary combustion air is admitted between the tubes, and the admission of secondary air is controlled to maintain an incandescent bed of coals through which products of combustion must be drawn to exit the furnace. In another aspect, a reciprocating grate is provided, and primary combustion air penetrates the bed of fuel from below. Products of combustion pass back through a portion of the burning fuel maintained at incandescence by the admission of secondary air upwardly through the reciprocating grate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an afterburner apparatus and an incineration system and methods of waste destruction in primary incineration combustion means and afterburner means which both preferably utilize at least two different oxidizing gases. By varying the ratio of said oxidizing gases, the amount of total oxygen and nitrogen delivered in either means can be dynamically adjusted in accordance with the process requirements. Varying the flows of at least two oxydizing gases and auxiliary fuel in both the primary incinerator and afterburner makes it possible to operate the system under fluctuating waste loading conditions, by controlling temperature, partial pressure of oxygen and heat available for the process as a function of said ratio.

Abstract: An improvement in a woodburning stove of the type including an exhaust flue opening; a combustion chamber for primary combustion, having an access door, a support for wood to be burned and a primary air inlet means for supplying primary air to support primary combustion of the wood to produce flue gases containing combustible particulate material; conduit means for directing the flue gases from the combustion chamber to the flue opening in a preselected path; and, secondary combustion means for burning the particulate material in the flue gases before the flue gases pass through the exhaust flue opening.

Abstract: A pressurized cyclonic combustion method and a cylindrical burner apparatus for pressurized combustion of particulate solid fuels to produce a pressurized clean effluent gas. In the burner, the particulate solids such as wood chips are fed tangentially into a primary combustion chamber at its inlet end and flow at high tangential velocity in a helical path through the burner. Oxygen-containing combustion gas such as air is supplied tangentially at high velocity through multiple ports spaced along the burner length to maintain and/or increase the high tangential velocity and produce high centrifugal forces on the particulate solids and provide for prolonged combustion and produce high burner volumetric heat release rates exceeding about 400,000 Btu/hr ft.sup.3. A choke opening is provided centrally located at the combustion chamber outlet end for promoting prolonged combustion of solid fuel paarticles upstream of a quench zone. A secondary combustion chamber is provided downstream of the choke opening.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for converting refuse to thermal energy, metal, and slag devoid of particulate matter. The refuse is injected into an ignition chamber to ignite readily burnable material. The unburnable material is past to a primary chamber wherein it is exposed to a molten metal bath and to pure oxygen to reduce the unburnable material to metal and slag. Water in the refuse reacts with carbon to produce hydrogen gas. This gas is passed to a secondary chamber wherein the hydrogen is burnt, resulting in an increase in temperature to above 3000.degree. F. and producing water. Because of this high temperature the water disassociates into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen burns repeatedly and forms water and hydrogen in rapid succession generating thermal energy devoid of particulate material. The method and apparatus are also suitable for burning coal instead of refuse.

Abstract: A wood burning air augmented stove for reclaiming heat from the discharge gases employing a plurality of spaced catalytic combustors, one combustor being detachably mounted on the edge of a smoke baffle, and another combustor being positioned in a portion of the chimney flue which may be selectively moved from a gas intercepting position to a gas bypassing position. The catalytic combustors are so arranged that if one combustor is overheated, the second combustor will provide the additional gas heating and cleansing function needed. These combustors act in series to magnify temperature and heat increases.

Abstract: A method of operating a batch-type pyrolysis furnace to burn organic combustibles so that the effluent from its exhaust stack is essentially free of smoke. This is accomplished without the aid of any catalyst or catalytic device to purify the smoke. For its main heat source, the furnace uses a gas burner or electric heating coil in combination with an afterburner to burn volatiles generated in the furnace's main chamber. A single thermocouple (throat TC) senses the instantaneous temperature in the throat of the furnace and in cooperation with a programmable controller (PC), maintains a preselected ramp and soak temperature profile over the entire burn cycle. When the temperature required by the profile is exceeded, a single water spray is actuated by a signal from the PC to lower the temperature below the profile. The throat TC thus maintains a fire under controlled temperature conditions in the main chamber without an explosion, using a single-stage system.

Abstract: A system for the destruction of organic waste material such as halogenated organic compounds, e.g., PCB's and related waste organic matter, comprises subjecting the waste material to reduction with a gaseous reducing agent, preferably hydrogen, at a temperature above about 600.degree. C. and thereafter subjecting the hot reaction mixture thus obtained to oxidation with a gaseous oxidizing agent at a temperature above about 1000.degree. C. The combined reduction followed by immediate oxidation is effective in achieving substantially complete breakdown of the halogenated compounds to substantially non-noxious gases. The system includes a reduction vessel wherein hydrogen is used directly in intimate mixing relation with the pulverized waste material, and after completion of a residence time sufficient to reduce the organic compounds, the gaseous by-products pass to an adjacent combustor for oxidation therein.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the thermal incineration of oxidizable substances in a process gas are proposed, whereby the process gas is conveyed through an afterburning apparatus 10 comprising, inter alia, a combustion chamber 18 and a process gas outlet 24 in order to remove purified exhaust gas from the process gas outlet 24, and to mix said purified gas in with the process gas in order to maintain a constant concentration of the process gas.

Abstract: An incineration system utilizes a circular cross-section pyrolysis chamber in which waste materials are gasified. A flat cast iron hearth serves as the floor of the pyrolysis chamber and has a number of small holes which are raised above the general hearth level by a number of nipples. The bolted front head of the chamber has a vertically movable front door. When raised, the hinged door assembly may be opened by unscrewing a pair of locking mechanisms which seal the door to a vertically movable frame. Ash removal may be accomplished by partially raising the entire structure, rather than opening the door. The ash ram is rectangular, covers a substantial area of the chamber floor when extended, and utilizes a unique cable and cylinder ram moving system. An air plenum above the chamber also acts as a platform, allowing inspection and maintenance to take place on top of the chamber.

Abstract: The incinerator comprises a combustion chamber (14) comprising a lower grate (40) and an outer wall (34), a device (24-32) supplying the materials to be incinerated, a primary air (44,46) blower casing (42) situated in the center of the grate, and a secondary air circuit (50,52) comprising injection nozzles (48) distributed on the periphery of the combustion chamber. Some at least of the nozzles are formed of nozzle pairs (48a,48b) oriented according to a first angle above and under a horizontal plane and according to a second angle on either side of a vertical diametral plane.

Abstract: A stove for burning fuel in which secondary air is introduced and mixed with the products of combustion in a firebox with primary air, the secondary air being kept from the firebox by a gravity-induced downward movement owing to the greater density of the secondary air-combustion products mixture as compared with the products of combustion per se.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from furnace flue gas is provided in which a pulse generator introduces natural gas, or other fluid fuel which has little or no fixed nitrogen, into the upper portion of the furnace. The fuel pulse reacts with the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas to form ammonia-like compounds and nitrogen gas. These ammonia-like compounds react with additional amounts of nitrogen oxide in the flue gas to form nitrogen gas, water vapor and carbon dioxide. In this manner, the amount of nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced using a process which can be easily applied to retrofitted furnaces.

Abstract: This invention is an attachment for installation along a flue duct between a heater and a chimney, including a flue duct section, having a jet tube therein, receiving air from an exterior motor-driven fan, so as to create a vortex and a third stage burner at the jet tube end.

Abstract: A fume incineration system for an industrial process site such as a paint-drying oven (10) producing a combustible effluent. A first duct system (34, 38, 42) conveys effluent to the incinerator (14). A second duct system (44, 48) conveys incinerated effluent back to the site. A third duct system (52, 56) conveys part of the incinerated effluent to an atmospheric vent (57). Control dampers (50, 74) in the duct systems operate sequentially to handle temperature changes, and control damper (84) controls system air flow balance. All ducts and thermal devices except the incinerator are located in an insulated housing (12). A thermal incinerator (14) having an internal preheater comprising an annular tube bundle is disclosed.

Abstract: In a coal combustion system suitable for a gas turbine engine, pulverized coal is transported to a rich zone combustor and burned at an equivalence ratio exceeding 1 at a temperature above the slagging temperature of the coal so that combustible hot gas and molten slag issue from the rich zone combustor. A coolant screen of water stretches across a throat of a quench stage and cools the combustible gas and molten slag to below the slagging temperature of the coal so that the slag freezes and shatters into small pellets. The pelletized slag is separated from the combustible gas in a first inertia separator. Residual ash is separated from the combustible gas in a second inertia separator. The combustible gas is mixed with secondary air in a lean zone combustor and burned at an equivalence ratio of less than 1 to produce hot gas motive at temperature above the coal slagging temperature.

Abstract: A system including a method and apparatus for treating waste containing organic contaminants which includes a direct fired, countercurrent, rotary kiln providing a soaking zone having an oxidizing atmosphere through which the materials being treated are passed after the unwanted organics are removed, and a secondary combustion chamber for oxidizing gases containing vaporized or pyrolyzed organics in which the organics are burned and are subjected to high temperatures for a holding time sufficient to effect destruction of the organic contaminants. The system includes means to minimize off-gas so as to make possible a reduction in size of the equipment employed.

Abstract: An apparatus for combusting wet waste or the like comprising ignition means including an ignition chamber having an inlet passageway extending therefrom for introducing the waste, an ignition burner for heating the waste to form non-combustible solids and at least partially combustible flue gases, a first outlet for the flue gases in the wall of the inlet passageway, and a second outlet for the solids; combustion means for substantially combusting the flue gases including a combustion passageway wrapped around the inlet passageway from the ignition chamber first outlet to a combustion chamber, and a combustion burner in the combustion passageway adjacent to the first outlet for aspirating and heating the flue gases; heat recuperating means for transferring heat from the substantially combusted flue gases to preheat an oxygen-containing gas; and passageway means for transferring the pre-heated oxygen-containing gas from the recuperator to the ignition burner and the combustion burner.

Abstract: A process and plant for improving the incineration of fuels, in order to reduce the production of noxious gases, particularly nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.X) and also to reduce the emission of dioxines and furans when incinerating solid or liquid wastes containing precursors of dioxines and furans. Air containing an excess of oxygen is used for incinerating the combustible materials. The amount of oxygen contained in the enriched air is preferably of about 30 to 35% with respect to the normal content of oxygen (23.19%). The plant comprises essentially at least one combustion chamber and an equipment for supplying air enriched with oxygen to said combustion chamber.

Abstract: A first stage, sub-stoichiometric reaction chamber (12) reacts a carbon-based fuel with an oxygen-carrying gas to produce a combustible gas, heat, and residual ash. A rectangular grate (B) supports a fuel pile (34) in the reaction chamber. A fuel supply (20) continuously supplies the carbon-based fuel from overhead in sufficient quantity to maintain the desired pile configuration with minimum particle entrainment in the generated gas. A fabric chute (36) may be provided to further limit particulate entrainment in the generated combustible gas. A temperature sensor (78) monitors temperature at the grate or another preselected reaction condition. When the preselected condition is sensed, the grates are reciprocated to step residual ash to an ash removal conveyor (74). Nozzles (82) combust a portion of the generated gas to inhibit condensation of vaporized constituents. A second stage, combustion chamber (C) completely combusts the generated gas to derive useful work therefrom.

Abstract: For continuous combustion air control in a hazardous waste incinerator, two signals are generated which totalize the air required on a fuel supplied basis. One signal is responsive to measured totalized fuel flow and this total can include fuel flow signals which are limited to the fraction of available air which corresponds to the fuel flow. The other signal is responsive to the totalized fuel flow that is commanded for maintaining an incinerator condition. In use the signal which requires the greater air flow is selected as the actual control signal for combustion air, and this control signal is biased to increase the air flow to obtain complete combustion of the hazardous waste by a controller acting on the measured amount of oxygen in the flue gas. In this manner the combustion air is manipulated in parallel with the waste fuel and if the fuel flow is limited by the available air, the air flow is limited to match the limited fuel flow.

Abstract: A furnace for the selective incineration or carbonization, by a process of distillation to remove its volatile components, of waste materials, the furnace consisting of an elongated, slightly inclined, rotatable cylindrical kiln, waste material being introduced into its upper end, moved along the length thereof in the form of a tumbling bed at its lower portion by rotation thereof either at higher rates to produce higher turbulence of the material as is useful in the incineration mode of operation, or at lower rates for less turbulence of the material as is useful in the carbonization mode. Air is introduced into the kiln either in large amounts supplying ample oxygen for full combustion as is useful in the incineration mode, or in sub-stoichiometric amounts as is necessary in the carbonization mode.

Abstract: An incinerator comprises a combustion chamber 1 having a hearth comprising a grid 2, a vibrator 17 for vibrating the grid, and ash removal means 9, 18 for collecting ash that falls through the grid. The grid normally consists of a series of parallel bars and, when the hearth is elongated, these bars normally extend along the length of the hearth. The ash removal means comprises an inclined trough 9 and a hopper 18. Ash may be removed as a slurry. The incinerator comprises a sub-stoichiometric chamber to which is supplied insufficient oxygen for complete combustion Vibration of the grid allows ash to fall through the hearth and to be collected in the trough without ash causing abrasion to the incinerator components to improve the rate of burning. A preferred sub-stoichiometric chamber is separated from an ignition zone for a secondary chamber by a partition that defines a jacket around the zone, whereby improved heat exchange and compactness is achieved.

Abstract: Apparatus for burning material such as fuel, waste material and the like, which when burned produces gases within which pollutants are entrained and for cleaning the gases. The apparatus comprises at least two combustion chambers, comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the chambers being in vertical and lateral stepped adjacency; the lower chamber comprising a grate upon which material is to be burned disposed at a predetermined level; the upper chamber comprising a grate upon which material is to be burned, disposed at a level above the lower chamber grate.

Abstract: A pressurized cyclonic combustion method and a cylindrical burner apparatus for pressurized combustion of particulate solid fuels to produce a pressurized clean effluent gas. In the burner, the particulate solids such as wood chips are fed tangentially into a primary combustion chamber at its inlet end and flow at high tangential velocity in a helical path through the burner. Oxygen-containing combustion gas such as air is supplied tangentially at high velocity through multiple ports spaced along the burner length to maintain and/or increase the high tangential velocity and produce high centrifugal forces on the particulate solids and provide for prolonged combustion and produce high burner volumetric heat release rates exceeding about 400,000 Btu/hr ft.sup.3. A choke opening is provided centrally located at the combustion chamber outlet end for promoting prolonged combustion of solid fuel particles upstream of a quench zone. A secondary combustion chamber is provided downstream of the choke opening.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner 1 has a first chamber 2 for receiving a combustible fuel to be gasified and a substantially conical upwardly directed extraction zone connecting a bottom portion of the primary chamber 2 with a secondary chamber 8 through the apex region 42. The combustible fuel presents a relatively large surface area G into the extraction zone F and relatively low velocity gases can leave the primary combustion chamber 2 to maximize the extraction of gaseous fuel from the fuel while leaving fuel and other particulate material behind. The substantially conical shape of the extraction zone F which provides a convergent gas flow path does however enable a sufficiently high velocity or the hot gas entering into the secondary chamber 8. A transverse entry of cold air H by means of a tuyere assembly 46 is provided at the apex region 42. The high density of the cold air and its transverse flow ensures a good mixing of the cold air with the hot gas before its entry into the secondary chamber 8.

Abstract: An incinerator, or furnace, receives low-level radiation waste from a nuclear installation in varying volumes and calorific values. A supplemental, conventional fuel is concomitantly supplied under the control of the exhaust temperature of the products of combustion. The low-level radiation waste and supplemental fuel are mixed with combustion air in a first stage where combustion is initiated, the products of combustion being flowed downward into a second stage where the combustion is complete prior to exhaust.

Abstract: A solid fuel burning stove having a catalytic converter apparatus located above the stove combustion site. The apparatus includes a horizontal partition having a first opening in direct communication with the stove flue and a second opening adjacent catalytic elements. A by-pass damper is slideable on the partition to open and close the first opening. The by-pass damper is connected via a hollow rod to a handle located at the front of the stove. Exit ports are located in the hollow rod to provide supplemental heated air to the catalytic elements.

Abstract: A catalytic combustor assembly includes a housing containing a catalytic combustor for insertion into the firebox of an existing stove. The housing engages and hermetically seals against the ceiling of the firebox surrounding the flue outlet of the stove to define an airtight passageway for volatile gases from the firebox to the flue outlet. The housing further defines a pair of secondary combustion air inlets and connected conduit for heating and then directing secondary air into the defined passageway to mix with the volatile gases upstream of the catalytic combustor. A bypass door is also mounted within the housing for selectively allowing the volatile gases to bypass the combustor in passing from the firebox to the flue outlet.

Abstract: Boiler with a circulating fluidized bed, comprising a fluidization column completely lined with refractory material, a recirculation cyclone (2) and a duct (3) for recycling the solid materials. At least one heat-exchanger component (25, 26, 27) is placed in the recirculation cyclone (2). Pipe lines (30) enable air to be injected in tangential directions into the upper part of the cyclone (2) and thereby to increase the vortex effect. The combustion takes place substantially in the upper part of the cyclone (2). The fluidization column (1) comprises a widened section (1a) in its lower part.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for incinerating low density organic materials using a pair of side by side multiple hearth furnaces are disclosed. The first furnace of the pair operates in a temperature-controlled reducing atmosphere to achieve complete volatilization of non-fixed carbon contained in the fuel feed stock. The second furnace operates in a temperature-controlled oxidizing atmosphere to achieve complete oxidation of all fixed-carbon contained in the char output of the first furnace. The gaseous products of both furnaces are combined and burned in a low - Btu gas burner, thus providing the heat input to a power boiler or other process suited to the heat quality produced.

Abstract: An improved stack construction for an incinerator. A layer of refractory material is disposed on the inner surface of the stack and an elongated tubular member is positioned longitudinally within the stack and spaced from the layer of refractory material to provide an annular passage therebetween. An air supply conduit is connected to one end of the tubular member, while the opposite end of the tubular member is closed. The tubular member is provided with a plurality of outlet ports disposed along a length of the tubular member with the outlet ports facing laterally outward and downwardly to direct air toward the refractory liner and in contact with the waste gases passing upwardly through the annular passage to thereby increase the turbulence of the waste gases and provide an increased efficiency of combustion.

Abstract: A pressurized cyclonic combustion method and a cylindrical burner apparatus for pressurized combustion of particulate solid fuels to produce a pressurized clean effluent gas. In the burner, the particulate solids such as wood chips are fed tangentially into a primary combustion chamber at its inlet end and flow at high tangential velocity in a helical path through the burner. Oxygen-containing combustion gas such as air is supplied tangentially at high velocity through multiple ports spaced along the burner length to maintain and/or increase the high tangential velocity and produce high centrifugal forces on the particulate solids and provide for prolonged combustion and produce high burner volumetric heat release rates exceeding about 400,000 Btu/hr ft.sup.3. A choke opening is provided centrally located at the combustion chamber outlet end for promoting prolonged combustion of solid fuel particles upstream of a quench zone. A secondary combustion chamber is provided downstream of the choke opening.

Abstract: Wood burning stove having several features for reducing emissions output and for improving energy efficiency by increasing the supply of oxygen to combustible materials, by increasing the mixing of oxygen with combustible materials, and by lengthening the residence time of combustible materials within the stove. The features include a turbulence-creating means positioned at an upper, front region of the combustion chamber, and a baffle located near the outlet for increasing both turbulence and the pathway of combustible materials exiting the stove.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for incinerating combustible gases. The apparatus has first and second perpendicularly joined pipes and an igniter in the second pipe. Combustible gases laminarly flow into the second pipe and oxygen turbulently flows into the first. The gases turbulently mix, ignite and centrifugally swirl from the first pipe to the second pipe and then out the first pipe again. Fuel flow is regulated by flame, temperature and seismic detectors.

Abstract: A stove comprises walls defining a main air inlet, a flue outlet and four chambers through which gas passes sequentially from the main air inlet to the flue outlet during normal operation of the stove. The chambers comprise a pre-heat plenum chamber into which the main air inlet opens, a main combustion chamber for containing solid fuel to be burned and into which gas passes from the pre-heat plenum chamber, a second combustion chamber which is downstream of the main combustion chamber with respect to the flow of gas from the main air inlet to the flue outlet, and a third combustion chamber from which the combustion gas outlet opens.

Abstract: Garbage and other incinerable waste is treated with hot air and steam in a rotary furnace, under conditions inhibiting free and complete combustion, so as to produce a gaseous phase and a solid phase consisting of non-combustible solids. The gaseous phase is mixed with excess air and recirculated combustion gases and passed to a cyclone chamber in which further combustion takes place at a temperature controlled so as to destroy toxic organic compounds and to melt solids such as glass but insufficient to promote excessive nitrogen oxide formation. The gases are then passed through a ceramic heat exchanger, tempered with ambient air to cause any residual molten glass still entrained in the gases to solidify, and passed through a second heat exchanger, clean compressed air being passed through the second and then the first heat exchanger so as to raise its temperature sufficiently to drive a gas turbine.

Abstract: A stove to burn solid fuels, said stove comprising a combustion chamber with a front (13) with a fuel charging aperture (14) therein and a door (3) with a transparent viewing panel (33) therein mounted over the aperture (14), a baffle (15) dividing the interior of the combustion chamber into a primary combustion zone (A) and a secondary combustion zone (B), a closeable port (16) in the baffle (15) connecting the primary and secondary combustion zones, a combustion gas discharge port (17) to atmosphere from the secondary combustion zone, a gas screen (24) in the gas path between the primary and secondary combustion zones, the gas screen being constructed from materials that will glow at a temperature below the ignition temperature of combustion gases, primary and secondary combustion air inlets (22 and 30) discharging into the combustion zone adjacent a top edge of the door panel (33) and the gas screen (24) respectively, manually resettable temperature actuated flow control means (34) regulating the amount of

Abstract: Solid fuel heating appliance having high thermal efficiency and low levels of polluting emissions. The heating appliance includes an insulated secondary combustion chamber where a mixture of exhaust gases from the primary combustion chamber and secondary air is burned. A catalytic igniter is provided in the secondary combustion chamber to lower the ignition temperature of the unburned volatile gases from the primary combustion chamber. Regenerative feedback structure is provided in heat exchange relationship with the exhaust from the secondary combustion chamber to preheat the mixture entering the secondary combustion chamber, catalytic igniter, and the regenerative heat transfer assure substantially continuous combustion within the secondary combustion chamber even when conditions in the primary combustion chamber change.

Abstract: A furnace afterburner consisting of an elongated combustion chamber through which the exhaust effluvia of a furnace is drawn, and in which a series of sets of air jet nozzles are arranged in longitudinally spaced relation along the chamber, which inject air tangentially into the chamber to generate vortices of air and exhaust spinning in alternately opposite angular directions. The injected air may be preheated. The central core area of the chamber is filled and obstructed to prevent inefficient combustion which would otherwise occur in the "eyes" of the vortices. Damper controls are provided to induce and reinforce other variations of conditions within the chamber, such as those capable of producing better retention time, better turbulence, air-gas mix proportions and temperature, all with the purpose of providing better combustion with a high degree of controllability in a wide variety of operating conditions.

Abstract: A dual stage combustion furnace has primary and secondary combustion chambers. The primary combustion chamber contains a solid fuel, such as wood or coal. The secondary combustion chamber is formed adjacent to and in communication with the primary combustion chamber for containing and igniting volatile combustion gases produced in the primary chamber. A plurality of hollow members, which provide a grate, extend through the primary chamber, and into the secondary chamber. Volatile gases given off in the primary combustion chamber are then ignited and burned in the secondary combustion chamber upon combination with heated air passing through the hollow grate members.

Abstract: A mobile garbage incinerator having an incinerator body unit. The incinerator body unit includes a hanging drum for lifting and dumping garbage into a collecting tank. Garbage is then moved into a main incinerating room for a first stage incineration process. The resulting ashes are collected and compressed. The resulting waste gases are passed into a sphere-shaped secondary incinerating room. The resulting quasi-purified air is passed into an air-circulating tank for separating dust particles. The resulting further purified air is passed through a water curtain and then passed into the atmosphere.

Abstract: Method and device for firing solid fuels, substantially in the form of lumps or pieces, in a furnace having a combustion chamber (1) with a sustantially horizontal bottom (10), upon which is maintained a fuel bed (3) with relatively great thickness while supplying fuel within the very bed (3), through which bed primary combustion air is fed from below through mutually spaced primary air passages (18) in the combustion chamber bottom (10), the combustion gas which leaves said chamber (1) furthermore being subjected to a subsequent secondary combustion in a secondary combustion chamber after addition of secondary combustion air.

Abstract: A system for recovering resources from sludge in which sludge containing water in the amount of 90 to 70 percent is first supplied to a sludge concentrator through a forced supply equipment where the sludge is concentrated to contain a water content of a maximum of about 60 percent; then is sent to a drying furnace having a fluidized sand bed. The product obtained in the drying furnace is separated to gas and solid. After the separated gas is pressurized by a fan and is heated by a heat exchanger through a circulator passage, a portion thereof is supplied to the drying furnace as gas for drying and the remainder is sent to the sludge concentrator. The water content is then removed from the concentrated gas and the gas obtained from the sludge concentrator is used in the system as gaseous fuel.

Abstract: Exterior retrofit system for attachment to wood or coal-burning stoves including a secondary combustion chamber and a catalytic igniter. The secondary combustion chamber is lined with refractory material and is arranged to preheat flue gases emanating from the woodburning apparatus before ignition at the catalytic igniter. The refractory walls have an undulating structure to increase mixing and residence times for more complete burning. Provisions are made for introducing additional combustion air into the secondary combustion chamber. Combustion performance is improved resulting in reduction of cresote deposits and particulate emissions and reduction in the amount of fuel consumed for a given heat output. The retrofit unit is self-contained and requires no permanent or complicated modification to the stove. This system also has application for use on the interior of a stove, both as a retrofit and as the basis for a specifically designed stove.

Abstract: A catalytic stove comprised of a housing having a fuel burning chamber and an effluent chamber separated by a domed common wall. An air inlet port is located in the fuel burning chamber and draft air is introduced to burning fuel through an apertured thermal control unit which detects changes in stove temperature. A closure flap is rotatable across the aperture. The thermal control unit, the flap and the aperture cooperate to ensure that the effective area of the aperture changes by an amount approximately proportional to the square of the magnitude of any change in the stove temperature detected by the thermal control unit. Effluent from the fuel flows substantially directly and smoothly from the fuel to a finned holder at the top of the domed wall. The fins then create turbulence in the combustible gases emanating from the burning fuel.

Abstract: A combustion system for domestic or small industrial heating needs, utilizing biomass fuels such as wood and brush chips, sawdust, logs, nut hulls, peat, leaves and other organic waste products of forestry, agriculture and industry with essentially smokeless, clean exhaust. By preheating the combustion air, insulating the combustion process and carefully controlling the fuel to air proportions and mixing parameters, essentially complete combustion with very little excess air at high temperatures is achieved even with fuels containing over half their weight in water. This water is then condensed out of the exhaust gases in uniquely designed air and water counterflow heat exchangers that can capture over 90% of the high heat value of the fuel. This invention is capable of maintaining clean combustion at high temperatures with little excess air, at burn rates much lower than the best popular "air-tight" woodstoves and is capable of higher heat outputs than most domestic heat plants.

Abstract: A garbage incinerator comprises a combustion grate, a passage for feeding garbage to be combusted onto the grate, a combustion chamber above the grate, and a flue communicating with the combustion chamber and projecting upwardly therefrom. A nozzle box supplied by a separate blower with compressed air is arranged in the region of the flue and provided with a plurality of nozzles oriented to direct air streams at high speed in at least two directions transverse to each other into the stream of flue gas passing through the flue. Preferably, some of the nozzles are oriented to direct air streams substantially parallel to the wall of the flue, whereas other nozzles are oriented to provide air streams which extend transverse to the direction of the first-mentioned air streams.

Abstract: A controlled air incinerator includes a primary and secondary combustion chamber. Combustion by-products from the primary chamber are exhausted to the secondary chamber. In the secondary chamber a source of auxilliary heat is provided to maintain the temperature in that chamber at a point which is sufficiently high to fully combust any particulate and unwanted gaseous matter. The secondary combustion vessel is provided with a baffle means for increasing the residence time of combustion by-products in the secondary chamber. The baffle means comprises an arch preferably oriented concave downwardly, the inlet to the secondary chamber being situated beneath the arch. The baffle means means increases residence time and increases the turbulence of gases passing through the secondary chamber.