Abstract: A garbage incinerator comprises a combustion grate, a passage for feeding garbage to be combusted onto the grate, a combustion chamber above the grate, and a flue communicating with the combustion chamber and projecting upwardly therefrom. A nozzle box supplied by a separate blower with compressed air is arranged in the region of the flue and provided with a plurality of nozzles oriented to direct air streams at high speed in at least two directions transverse to each other into the stream of flue gas passing through the flue. Preferably, some of the nozzles are oriented to direct air streams substantially parallel to the wall of the flue, whereas other nozzles are oriented to provide air streams which extend transverse to the direction of the first-mentioned air streams.

Abstract: A controlled air incinerator includes a primary and secondary combustion chamber. Combustion by-products from the primary chamber are exhausted to the secondary chamber. In the secondary chamber a source of auxilliary heat is provided to maintain the temperature in that chamber at a point which is sufficiently high to fully combust any particulate and unwanted gaseous matter. The secondary combustion vessel is provided with a baffle means for increasing the residence time of combustion by-products in the secondary chamber. The baffle means comprises an arch preferably oriented concave downwardly, the inlet to the secondary chamber being situated beneath the arch. The baffle means means increases residence time and increases the turbulence of gases passing through the secondary chamber.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustor is adapted to deprive a combustion gas issuing therefrom of dust by bringing the combustion gas into contact with a filter medium which is a fluidizing solid discharged in conjunction with slagging ash out of the combustor.

Abstract: Burning a waste fuel blend at very high temperatures (typically greater than 4000 deg. F.) for a very short period of time (typically a matter of milliseconds) in a primary combustion zone to break the complex hazardous/toxic hydrocarbons into less complex chemicals (such as CO, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2, OH, HCl, and Cl.sub.2), passing the products of the primary zone into a secondary zone in which the products are maintained for a longer time (typically about 2 secs.) in turbulent conditions with excess air at lower combustion temperatures (typically 2000 to 2600 deg. F.) to reduce the primary zone products to a mixture of H.sub.2 O, CO.sub.2 and acids such as HCl, and quenching the products of the secondary zone.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the combustion of coke present on solid particles from which hydrocarbons have been substantially removed by heating, and for the production of recoverable heat from hydrocarbon-bearing solid particles, in a series of at least two combustion stages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for efficiently incinerating waste material, particularly dewatered sludge, in a multiple hearth furnace by controlling the temperature of the individual hearths of the furnace within certain prescribed limits by modulating the amount of combustion air, and controlling the temperature of the after-burner or combustion hearths to within certain prescribed limits by splitting the feed sludge between the first two upper waste material handling hearths.

Abstract: A steam generating furnace which burns high moisture content fuel has a panel of heat absorbing tubes dividing it into two vertical interconnecting passageways: (a) a combustion chamber for burning the predried fuel and (b) a drying shaft for extracting moisture from the fuel. Wet fuel is introduced near the top of the drying shaft. As it falls it is dried by some of the hot gases diverted from the top of the combustion chamber into the top of the drying shaft. The cooling of the hot combustion gases due to evaporation of moisture from the wet fuel causes a difference in density between the gases in the two passageways, creates a natural, unidirectional circulation of part of the combustion gases from the top of the combustion chamber to the drying shaft. Predrying the wet fuel causes the fuel to burn faster and hotter thereby producing a stable and efficient combustion of the wet fuel at higher specific combustion rates.

Abstract: A plant for the incineration of waste, primarily from retreading shops, with the simultaneous use of the energy content of said waste for steam regeneration to operation and heating. The rubber waste is dosed in an amount dependent on the heat need of the shop with a screw to a grinder where it is ground down into small particles which, mixed with air, are blown into a furnace mounted onto the bottom of a steam boiler. By means of the blowing into the furnace as well as the blowing of flue gas at high temperature in the boiler taking place tangentially, a long period of stay for the burning particles is obtained, thus obtaining a total incineration. The outgoing flue gas is purified prior to release in the usual manner. The furnace is provided with an oil burner, which, in the event of a low energy need in the plant, has sole responsibility for steam regeneration over the oil system and control equipment.

Abstract: A steam injection system for an incinerator. The incinerator includes a housing that defines a combustion chamber, and a plenum is mounted beneath the housing. Air for the combustion process is fed to the plenum and steam is separately introduced into the plenum. The air and steam are mixed and the mixture is introduced into the lower end of the combustion chamber through one or more inlet pipes. The steam acts to reduce high localized temperatures in the combustion chamber to minimize clinker formation, as well as maximizing the conversion of fixed carbon to carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Burning a waste fuel blend at very high temperatures (typically greater than 4000 deg. F.) for a very short period of time (typically a matter of milliseconds) in a primary combustion zone to break the complex hazardous/toxic hydrocarbons into less complex chemicals (such as CO, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2, OH, HCl, and Cl.sub.2), passing the products of the primary zone into a secondary zone in which the products are maintained for a longer time (typically about 2 secs.) in turbulent conditions with excess air at lower combustion temperatures (typically 2000 to 2600 deg. F.) to reduce the primary zone products to a mixture of H.sub.2 O, CO.sub.2 and acids such as HCl, and quenching the products of the secondary zone.

Abstract: Inerts, particularly flotation addles and/or middlings are burned as a fire material in a grate firing and form a solid slag which is mechanically comminuted during the firing process. Comminution is accomplished with grate elements which are movable with respect to the slag and which are cooled by feeding combustion air therethrough, the combustion air being directly injected from the grate elements into the firing material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for efficiently incinerating waste material, particularly dewatered sludge, in a multiple hearth furnace by controlling the temperature of the individual hearths of the furnace within certain prescribed limits by modulating the amount of combustion air, and controlling the temperature of the afterburner or combustion hearths to within certain prescribed limits by splitting the feed sludge between the first two upper waste material handling hearths.

Abstract: Method and furnace for the incineration of combustible material and the generation of hot gas, the furnace comprising a lower chamber provided with an inlet for air and an inlet for combustible material and an upper chamber provided with an inlet for air and a stack which chambers are communicated with each other inside the furnace, and the method comprising blowing air and combustible material into the lower chamber of the furnace in a direction tangential to the wall of the lower chamber and blowing air into the upper chamber of the furnace in a direction tangential to the wall of the upper chamber for thereby generating hot gas in the upper chamber.

Abstract: A tangent spin furnace providing a combustion chamber of metal which is unlined with any refractory material but whose temperature is maintained below the self-destruct level by combustion air being introduced into the combustion chamber between a plurality of slats defining the combustion chamber and disposed in spaced relation to each other so that they define longitudinal slots. Thus there are slots for the introduction of combustion air between the slats so that a sweep of combustion air is maintained peripherally inside of the combustion chamber over virtually the entire inner surface thereof. Without refractory material lining the combustion chamber overheating is avoided by the cooling effect of the sweep of combustion air.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for efficiently incinerating waste material, particularly dewatered sludge, in a multiple hearth furnace by controlling the temperature of the individual hearths of the furnace within certain prescribed limits by modulating the amount of combustion air, and controlling the temperature of the afterburner or combustion hearths to within certain prescribed limits by splitting the feed sludge between the first two upper waste material handling hearths.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the operation of a stoker-fired boiler having a boiler arranged coaxially adjacent to a stoker chamber. The cross-sectional area of the connection between the stoker and the boiler is constricted, preferably in the range of one-third to one-fourth of the cross-sectional area of the stoker chamber, so that the flammable gases flowing from the stoker to the boiler are accelerated and generate a reduced pressure at the constricted connection. Tertiary air is introduced at the circumference of the constricted connection at an increased pressure, to thereby induce more complete combustion of the gases. The area of flow flares out as the gas enters the boiler. In the preferred arrangement, guide means control the introduction of the tertiary air through an annular gap at the constricted connection The stoker also preferably includes rings of nozzles arranged at selected angles to introduce secondary air into the stoker chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for reducing slag build-up in cyclone furnaces comprising introducing into a cyclone furnace at least one of a slag viscosity modifier and a combustion adjuvant, wherein a substantial portion thereof is conveyed to the walls of the furnace by addition through the secondary air stream. Preferably the additives are formed as particles of sufficient size and density that they are driven directly to the walls of the furnace. This method alleviates slag build-up caused by the presence of uncombusted coal particles at the walls and increases the temperature environment at the walls.

Abstract: A fluidized bed call (10) having a static ignition bed (18) of inert heat storage particles (50) disposed immediately beneath and adjacent to a fluidizing region (44) wherein fuel particles are combusted, characterized in that the heat storage particles (50) are generally spherical in shape, each particle having a plurality of protuberances (52) extending outwardly from the surface of the particle a preselected length thereby maintaining a minimum spacing, equal to the preselected length of the protuberances, between neighboring spherical particles within the static ignition bed thereby ensuring that sufficient void space (54) exists within the static ignition bed for the fluidizing air to flow upward through the static ignition bed into the fluidizing region without an excessive pressure drop and for the fuel particles to laterally penetrate the static ignition bed.

Abstract: An underfire system for a controlled starved-air incinerator and incinerating process which minimizes high localized temperatures in the main combustion chamber to lessen clinker formation and vaporization of inorganics for minimizing the particulate emission rate and which maximizes conversion of the fixed carbon portion of the waste materials into volatile matter for maximizing the thermal efficiency of the incinerator. The underfire system supplies air at less-than-stoichiometric requirements which creates an exothermic reaction between some of the fixed carbon in the waste material and the oxygen in the air to produce volatile carbon dioxide. In addition, steam is supplied to the burning waste materials, preferably alternately with the air supply, for creating an endothermic "water-gas reaction" between additional fixed carbon in the waste material and the steam to produce volatile carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas and for absorbing undesired heat from the exothermic reaction.

Abstract: An underfire system for a controlled starved-air incinerator and incinerating process which minimizes high localized temperatures in the main combustion chamber to lessen clinker formation and vaporization of inorganics for minimizing the particulate emission rate and which maximizes conversion of the fixed carbon portion of the waste materials into volatile matter for maximizing the thermal efficiency of the incinerator. The underfire system supplies air at less-than-stoichiometric requirements which creates an exothermic reaction between some of the fixed carbon in the waste material and the oxygen in the air to produce volatile carbon dioxide. In addition, steam is supplied to the burning waste materials, preferably alternately with the air supply, for creating an endothermic "water-gas reaction" between additional fixed carbon in the waste material and the steam to produce volatile carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas and for absorbing undesired heat from the exothermic reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the thermal treatment of combustible materials wherein the materials to be treated are introduced in a cylindrical enclosure of horizontal axis. A stream of hot gases flowing around the horizontal axis places the particles of materials in suspension. A fraction of the hot gases is recycled outside the enclosure with a view to being re-introduced therein. The apparatus is particularly suitable for treating fine vegetable materials, such as chopped straw.

Abstract: Method and furnace for the incineration of combustible material and the generation of hot gas, the furnace comprising a lower chamber provided with an inlet for air and an inlet for combustible material and an upper chamber provided with an inlet for air and a stack which chambers are communicated with each other inside the furnace, and the method comprising blowing air and combustible material into the lower chamber of the furnace in a direction tangential to the wall of the lower chamber and blowing air into the upper chamber of the furnace in a direction tangential to the wall of the upper chamber for thereby generating hot gas in the upper chamber.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor is provided with heat exchange coils for controlling the temperature of the fluidized bed, with only vertically oriented sections of the coils exposed to the erosive conditions in the fluidized bed. The vapor-liquid circuit, of which the heat exchanger coils are a part, is arranged to operate on the principle of natural circulation. At least some of the tuyere elements discharge fluidizing gas at a level substantially above the constriction plate and the bed solids below the level of the tuyere gas discharge constitute a static layer during fluidization in which the lower angle bends of the heat exchange coils are embedded and so shielded from erosion by the fluidized solids of the bed proper. The static layer of bed solids also accommodates thermal expansion of the lower angle bend due to elevated temperatures and insulates the constriction plate from the high temperatures in the reactor.

Abstract: An incinerator for burning waste including a hollow body having an opened upper end and an opened lower end, a bottom plate closing the lower end, a central opening provided in the bottom plate for introducing pressurized oxidizing gas into the hollow body, a plurality of circumferentially disposed openings provided in the bottom plate for introducing pressurized oxidizing gas into the hollow body, an oxidizing gas feeding means for supplying gas to the central opening and the circumferentially disposed openings, heat transfer medium particles provided in the hollow body and fluidized by the oxidizing gas introduced into the hollow body and a means for feeding waste into the hollow body.

Abstract: Fluidized bed combustors and provision for the operation of such combustors so that the fluidizing medium supplied to one part is at a velocity different from that at which air is supplied to an adjacent part.

Abstract: The invention concerns the method of feeding particles at multiple points into a fluidized bed by forming at least one auxiliary fluidized bed of the particles and fluidization fluid from which the particles in fluidized state are introduced through a system of inlets into the main fluidized bed. The invention relates to equipment for performing the method consisting of at least one chamber for formation of the auxiliary fluidized bed including the inlet of solid particles and a grid for the inlet of fluidization fluid, and a chamber for the main fluidized bed including the inlet of fluidization fluid, and a system of inlet pipes by which both chambers are mutually interconnected. The system of inlet pipes has the cross-sectional area smaller than 10% of the horizontal cross-sectional area of the main fluidized bed.

Abstract: A fluidized combustor is provided with a burning zone having cooling passages in its upper portion and a lower portion beneath said passages yet deep enough so that material therein may be operated in a fluid bed combustor mode with cooling by fluidizing excess air, a separate zone being provided for selective storage therein of materials transferred from the burning zone.

Abstract: A process for treating an agricultural product having a high silica content utilizes the steps of supplying hot gases and combustion air to a combustion zone, dispersing the agricultural product in the hot gases and combustion air for controlled burning thereof and then arresting the combustion process after evolution of the volatile constituents and organic matter and prior to oxidation of the carbon constituents remaining in the agricultural product.

Abstract: An apparatus for carbonizing an agricultural product utilizes a horizontally rotatable cylindrical vessel in which a pair of helical barriers are used to cause hot gases and combustion air to turbulate in a vortex about a central support member to cause various volatile constituents and organic matter of the agricultural product to evolve leaving the carbon constituents remaining on the skeletal silica through controlled burning at a temperature below the fusion point of the skeletal silica of the agricultural product.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for operating a process in which combustible solid particles are mixed during processing with air and circulated through a plurality of stages, thereby tending to build up an oxygen enriched combustible mixture during shutdown, the invention involving adding additional fuel to the oxygen enriched combustible mixture during such shutdown in a closed burner system, burning the resulting mixture in the closed burner system, and recirculating the flue gas from such combustion back into the plurality of stages to thereby function as an inert gas to prevent accidental combustion or explosion.

Abstract: An incinerator apparatus consists of a container with an inlet for gaseous or particulate, combustible material together with combustion air, and has an outlet for combustion products, the walls of the container, and possible walls disposed in the interior of the container, being designed for the generation or vortices in the material flowing through the container from the inlet to the outlet. At least the surfaces of the walls facing the inner space of the container include a substance which has the capability to catalyze the oxidation of carbon and carbon compounds in the combustion in the apparatus.

Abstract: A system including conduit connected to a source of solid waste, a shredder for particlizing solid waste, an igniter for igniting particlized waste, a gas burner for initially heating the liner of the igniter to a temperature above ignition temperatures for the waste, and an air duct for transporting burning particles of waste along a vortexing path extending downwardly through the igniter, then through an agitating conduit, within which the burning particles are maintained in suspension and are finally introduced upwardly into a particle trap within which combustion of ignited particles is completed. A by-products recovery system is connected with the trap for collecting ash, for subsequent usage, and for recovering heat to be returned to the gin.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for producing a combustible mixture of a solid fuel pellet made from organic fibrous material and a flammable gas or liquid. A suitable burner structure is described for burning the fuel mixture in an overfire system efficiently and producing a minimum of solid combustion products as ash. The flammable gas mixed with the solid fuel material may be made by burning pellets of an organic fibrous material.

Abstract: A system for disposing of sewage sludge by treating the sludge in apparatus which processes the sludge through relatively inert gas drying and grinding stages and utilized as much of the dried and ground sludge as is needed to produce heat for maintaining the drying process in the system once the system has become substantially self sufficient on use of the sludge as the drying heat source. The remaining excess sludge is then in a form either granular or fine suitable for direct sale.

Abstract: A process for disposing of sewage sludge resulting from municipal type sewage plants, including the production of dry solid fuel which is used in the flash drying and in the deodorizing system. Supplemental fuels are not required. The system is capable of producing a sludge derived fuel (SDF).

Abstract: A furnace is provided with a separate cyclone chamber for combusting the fuel, provided with a double-sided outlet for heating gases. The heat release of this chamber having relatively small overall dimensions can reach the order of 40.multidot.10.sup.6 kcal/m.sup.3.h. The outlets of the heating gases are on both opposite sides of the chamber are connected with cyclone reaction chambers where the processing of the mineral raw material occurs at temperatures established by the technology in the range up to 2500.degree. C. The furnace products flow down into a lower precipitation chamber where the non-gaseous content is finally separated from the gaseous components of the product.Depending on the process parameters and the type of the mineral raw material, the furnace product can be molten or sintered, or have a gaseous form. The waste heat of exhaust gases and heat originated by cooling of the furnace is utilized in utilizing arrangements.

Abstract: A chip-firing unit in which a chip container has a discharge attached to the container bottom to supply chips from the container to the inlet of a motor-operated fan attached to the container. The fan is connected to a chip burner and supplies the burner with chips and air drawn in by the fan. The discharge on the container is a pipe with an external thread and is rotated by the same motor which drives the fan. The other end of the discharge pipe provides an intake for the air to be mixed with chips by the discharge. The pipe, furthermore, has an interior enclosing a rod which carries a control unit for chips and air supplies to the fan. This rod is adjusted automatically by a regulator of the hot-water boiler type. Chips are continuously fed to the inlet of the fan during rotation of the pipe. One throttle is provided for controlling the air through the inlet to the pipe, and a second throttle and a regulating rod controls the chip supplied to the burner.

Abstract: An individual cell of a fluidized bed includes a static bed disposed immediately below the fluidization region. The static bed contains heavy ores or other suitable dense material that can be heated to a temperature above the ignition temperature of the fuel used in the fluid bed. Should the fluidized-bed temperature fall below the ignition temperature of the fuel, the lower thermal conductivity of the static bed permits it to maintain the ignition temperature and to ignite the fuel until the fluidized bed has been rekindled.

Abstract: A system including conduit connected to a source of solid waste, a shredder for particlizing solid waste, an igniter for igniting particlized waste, a gas burner for initially heating the liner of the igniter to a temperature above ignition temperatures for the waste, and an air duct for transporting burning particles of waste along a vortexing path extending downwardly through the igniter, then through an agitating conduit, within which the burning particles are maintained in suspension and are finally introduced upwardly into a particle trap within which combustion of ignited particles is completed. A by-products recovery system is connected with the trap for collecting ash, for subsequent usage, and for recovering heat to be returned to the gin.

Abstract: Air is blown into a combustion furnace via an inlet disposed in the upper section of the furnace and the incoming air is made to flow in a fixed spirally descending path along the inner wall of the furnace proper. Material subjected to combustion is carried by the flow of air to the layer of burning material at the bottom of the furance by previously deposited combustible material, there to be burnt. By virtue of the action of the current of air, the combustion gas from the combustion is vigorously whirled upwardly in the same rotational direction as that of the air current in the annular region defined by the fixed path of the spirally descending air current. This ascending current of air is enclosed within the annular region defined by the descending current.

Abstract: An incinerator for burning combustible materials, especially waste materials, and for generating hot gases for use in processes outside the incinerator, includes a cylindrical combustion chamber having closed end walls and a generally tangential opening in the side wall extending along a major portion of the chamber length for admitting combustible materials and air in a sheet-like stream around the chamber wall. A tapered, or frusto-conical gas collector tube mounted coaxially within the combustion chamber extends through one end wall and terminates in an open end spaced from the combustion chamber. The collector tube has a plurality of openings to permit combustion gases to enter and flow out of the combustion chamber through the open end.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new and novel method and apparatus for reacting nongaseous material with a gaseous reactant comprising introducing a first stream containing a nongaseous material into a reaction zone; simultaneously introducing a second stream containing a gaseous reactant into the reaction zone such that the gaseous reactant immediately contacts and reacts with the first stream thereby producing a gaseous product; forming a spiralling vortex within the reaction zone to cause substantial separation of gases, including the gaseous product, from the nongaseous material; forming and removing a third stream from the reaction zone containing the gaseous product which is substantially free of the nongaseous material before a major portion of the gaseous product can react with the nongaseous material; and forming and removing a fourth stream containing the nongaseous material from the reaction zone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for calcining pulverized raw cement materials or alumina materials prior to a burning process, a first kind of pulverized materials containing combustible compounds and a second kind of pulverized materials being simultaneously calcined.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for reducing solid combustible particles by heat and abrasion to a condition in which they can be burned completely and without the production of objectionable solid particulates in the exhaust gases. Solid combustible particles are carried into an outer chamber of the device by a low pressure transport air stream, with additional air at high pressure and high velocity being introduced into the same chamber in a relation driving the solid particles rapidly and circularly within the outer chamber and about an inner chamber of the device. Impingement of the particles against one another and/or the walls of the outer chamber during such swirling motion, supplemented by partial oxidation of the combustibles, raises the temperature of the particles and comminutes or reduces their sizes to form a very highly combustible flowable aerosol mass which will burst into flame when contacted by a stream of secondary combustion air.

Abstract: An incinerator/combustor, comprising an elongated combustion chamber surrounded by an afterburner which is in turn surrounded by a housing, the afterburner and housing being coaxial with, and cooperating to provide redundant heating for, the combustion chamber, is disclosed. The combustion chamber is generally cylindrical with a horizontal axis, one end being adapted to receive materials to be burned. An ash chamber is spaced from the other end of the combustion chamber to define a circumferential opening which serves as an exhaust outlet. The two chambers are relatively movable to permit the flow of exhaust gases to be controlled. Air under controlled pressure is introduced to the combustion chamber to produce a cyclonic flow to enhance burning. A fuel supply may be provided to initiate combustion, but the system is designed to require no fuel other than the material being incinerated during normal continuous operation.

Abstract: An improved waste material incineration system and method of combustion where waste material is initially inserted through gravity assist into the combustion zone of a horizontally directed furnace. The waste material is impinged by the flame front of a burner and is cyclically vortexed in a vortexing zone of the combustion chamber through a combination of air inlet conduits impinging on the combusting waste material and the particular contouring of the furnace internal geometry. The waste material is initially densified in one section of the vortexing zone and then expanded in a second section of the vortexing zone while being impinged by inlet air to provide a guide to maintain the vortexing contour of the combusting waste material.

Abstract: Continuously flowing solid material, such as municipal waste, is pretreated in an air-starved hot moving grate carbonizer furnace to drive off low temperature volatiles, and then further devolatized in a shaft furnace wherein limited amounts of air are let into a downwardly moving stack of the precarbonized material at a plurality of locations spaced sufficiently apart as to preclude formation of hot spots, i.e., localized regions of intense reaction, such as would cause clinkers to be formed. Low Btu gas is exhausted from the pretreatment carbonizer and shaft furnace and sterile ash residue is discharged from the bottom of the shaft furnace.

Abstract: A fluidized bed apparatus suitable for the combustion of fuel has a baffle assembly arranged in the freeboard above the fluidized bed level. The assembly is in the form of a perforate duct which defines within it a passage connecting with the gas exit of the apparatus. Gases issuing from the bed, in use, and carrying bed material impinge upon the duct and are arranged to follow a vortical path around the duct, resulting in a deceleration of the particles which fall back into the bed. The gases pass into the duct for exhaust substantially free from contamination by bed material. The baffle assembly is of particular value where a gas flows horizontally to a gas exit and prevents or substantially reduces elutriation.

Abstract: Apparatus for burning particulate fuels such as wood sander dust or sawdust comprises a pair of radially spaced, substantially coaxial tubes having infeed ends and juxtaposed discharge ends. Mounting means rotatably mount one of the tubes. Drive means is connected to the rotatably mounted tube for rotating it relative to the other tube. A source of forced draft combustion air is connected to the infeed end of one of the tubes. Fuel feed means is arranged for feeding particulate fuel in solid flow into the infeed end of the other of the tubes. Upon establishing concurrent, substantially continuous flows of fuel and air in the respective tubes and spinning one of the tubes, the fuel and air contents of the tubes are discharged at the outfeed ends thereof and mixed with a high degree of efficiency into a combustible fuel mixture.

Abstract: A pyrolysis reactor decomposes solid organic waste materials by heating the materials with a fast fluidized particulate source of heat which are admitted to one end of a chamber through first and second inlet pipes. The products of decomposition together with the particulate source of heat are removed through an outlet pipe at the other end of the chamber. The chamber has an intermediate section adjacent the inlet pipes of reduced diameter forming a throat which improves the mixing of the heating particles and the organic waste particles for faster heat transfer.