Abstract: A multi-tube pyrolysis system for waste plastic contains: a preparation system, a decomposition system, and a filtration system. The preparation system includes a collection module, a selection module, a crushing module, and a plastic extrusion module. The decomposition system includes a reaction furnace, a primary combustion chamber assembly, a secondary combustion chamber assembly, a cooling module, an oil storage tank, and a carbon storage tank. The reaction furnace includes multiple first delivery tubes, and the carbon storage tank has a water filtering module. The filtration system includes a heat exchanger, a rapid cooling device, and a cyclone separation module.

Abstract: An anti-segregation mixer for a bed of material, the anti-segregation mixer comprising: an elongate and substantially cylindrical shell having an inner surface; and a plurality of independent lifting means provided within the shell, wherein the plurality of lifting means each comprise a vane with a leading end and a trailing end, and are arranged with respect to the cylindrical shell such that the vane is spaced apart from the inner surface and the entire lifting means may pass through the bed of material.

Abstract: A thermal process device for heat treating a product or plurality of products includes a thermal processing chamber having opposed distal ends and a plurality of controllable heating zones. At least one buffer zone is disposed at each of the distal ends. The buffer zones and heating zones of the thermal processing chamber form a heating element assembly. The heating assembly has an inner and outer surface and a secondary shell is disposed about the outer surface of the heating element assembly and spaced therefrom to form an inlet flow passage for a flow of a temperature adjusting medium along the heating element assembly.

Abstract: A device for plasma treatment of solid waste includes: a casing defining a treatment volume; a plasma torch including a first electrode and a second electrode that face into the treatment volume; an inlet port for intake of solid waste to be treated; an outlet port for disposal of inert solid products of reaction; a supply port for intake of a gas for supplying the aforesaid plasma torch; and a discharge port for discharge of gaseous products of reaction. The first electrode and the second electrode are arranged opposed to one another, and the casing is mounted rotatable about an axis of rotation. A treatment system is also provided incorporating the treatment device.

Abstract: A liquid fuel combustion device that utilizes waste and contaminated oils without the need for pre-processing or filtering the fuel stock.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical waste disposal assembly (10) for disposing of fluid pharmaceutical waste comprises a fluid receiver body (219) and a fluid absorber (270A). The fluid receiver body (219) receives the fluid pharmaceutical waste. The fluid absorber (270A) is positioned within the fluid receiver body (219). The fluid absorber (270A) absorbs and retains the fluid pharmaceutical waste. The fluid absorber (270A) includes a plurality of levels (270L, 270M, 270U) that are spaced apart from one another. The plurality of levels (270L, 270M, 270U) can be oriented substantially vertically relative to one another so that the fluid pharmaceutical waste is distributed to each of the plurality of levels (270L, 270M, 270U) of the fluid absorber (270A).

Abstract: An apparatus for controlled pyrolysis of waste material includes an elongate, perforated rotary drum lined with refractory material, having a longitudinal axis of rotation, and forming a chamber to receive and decompose the waste material. The drum includes a cylindrical metal exterior which has numerous apertures distributed over its cylindrical surface provided for passage of a limited amount of process air into the chamber. A mechanism is provided for supporting the drum for rotation about the longitudinal axis. An external shell encloses the rotary drum and prevents external ambient air from flowing through the apertures and into the chamber. Air distribution housings are distributed along the length of the rotary drum and form air distribution chambers each of which is enclosed except on an inner side of the chamber. This inner side is open for delivery of process air through a selected portion of apertures in the metal exterior.

Abstract: A device includes a rotary drum and a fluid conduit. The rotary drum has a horizontal rotation axis and the drum has a sealed inlet end and a sealed outlet end. The drum is configured to receive biomass proximate the inlet end and has a discharge port proximate an outlet end. The fluid conduit is disposed along an inner surface of the drum. The fluid conduit is configured to carry heated fluid and has a coupling external to the drum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for torrefaction of a biomass. Said method and arrangements allows for precise control of torrefaction temperature, which is crucial for accurate control of the quality and properties of the torrefied material.

Abstract: An apparatus for synergistically combining a plasma with a comminution means such as a fluid kinetic energy mill (jet mill), preferably in a single reactor and/or in a single process step is provided by the present invention. Within the apparatus of the invention potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and subsequently into angular momentum by means of wave energy, for comminuting, reacting and separation of feed materials. Apparatuss of use of the apparatus in the practice of various processes are also provided by the present invention.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing material (29) such as organically coated waste and organic materials including biomass, industrial waste, municipal solid waste and sludge is provided. The apparatus comprises an oven having a rotatable portion comprising a treatment chamber adapted to receive material for treatment. A plurality of gas inlets are provided in at least one wall of the treatment chamber through which hot gasses are introduced to the treatment chamber to heat the material therein so as to cause the organic components thereof to pyrolyse or gassify. At least one retarder means (26) is located in the treatment chamber to retard the movement of waste material therein as the oven rotates.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing material such as organically coated waste and organic materials including biomass, industrial waste, municipal solid waste and sludge, is provided. The apparatus comprises a rotatable and tiltable furnace (1) having a body portion (15), a single material entry point (11) and a tapered portion (13) between the entry point and the body. The furnace has a closure through which material can be introduced to the furnace (1) when open and in which the interior of the furnace is isolated from the external environment when closed. A director at or adjacent the entry point (11) directs gases inwardly of the furnace so as to provide a barrier of gas adjacent the opening to inhibit the entrance of oxygen containing atmospheric gas when the closure is in its open position.

Abstract: A method for burning raw materials by which method the raw material and a secondary fuel are separately introduced to one and the same rotary kiln in which the raw material as well as the secondary fuel are heated by gases formed by burning of a primary fuel in the rotary kiln so that the secondary fuel is converted to gases and solid matter in the form of combustion residues such as ashes and coke. The secondary fuel during the process of conversion to gases and solid matter is kept separate from the introduced raw material, which may ensure that the secondary fuel and hence the locally reducing zones and major areas with reducing conditions are brought into minimum contact with the raw material.

Abstract: A process and related apparatus for the treatment of hazardous waste and an initially separate waste stream, the process comprising gasifying the waste stream in a gasification unit to produce an offgas and a char material; and plasma treating the offgas, and optionally the char material, in a plasma treatment unit to produce a syngas; and blending hazardous waste with the waste stream at a point in the process determined by the relative chemical and/or physical properties of the hazardous waste and the waste stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing cement clinker in a plant having a cyclone preheater, a precalcination reactor, a rotary furnace and a clinker cooler. In the process, the flue gases from the furnace are conducted to the precalcination reactor, or even to the cyclone preheater. According to the invention, the precalcination reactor is fed with an oxygen-rich gas, the nitrogen content of which is less than 30%, constituting the sole oxygen source for said reactor, and a portion leaving the cyclone preheater is recycled into the plant so as to obtain a suitable flux necessary for suspending matter in said preheater, while the other portion, rich in carbon dioxide, is adapted for the purpose of a treatment for limiting the amount of carbon dioxide discharged into the atmosphere, such as particularly sequestration.

Abstract: Described is a method as well as an apparatus for incineration of combustible waste during the manufacture of cement clinker by which method the waste is introduced via a waste inlet (11) and supported on a supporting surface (21) incorporated in a separate compartment (9), where the waste being actively transported, while simultaneously subjected to incineration, through the compartment to its outlet (23), where the hot exhaust gases produced in connection with the incineration of the waste being vented to the preheater system for heating the cement raw meal, and where the slag generated during the waste incineration process being extracted from the compartment (9). The method and the apparatus are peculiar in that exhaust gases containing NOx are introduced to the compartment (9).

Abstract: A skewer system comprises a skewer rod that holds tires in suspension during an incineration process where the tires are burned for fuel in a kiln such as a cement kiln or a lime kiln. In certain implementations, the skewer system also comprises a fuel advancing system to advance tires loaded onto the skewer rod into the heated gas in a stationary heat transfer station of the kiln. In further exemplary implementations, the skewer system comprises a mechanism to recover wire remnants from incinerated tires, the wire can be cut off the skewer and dropped into the kiln, or the wire itself can be burned off.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for incinerating different types of combustible waste in a cement manufacturing process. Two combustion chambers for incinerating waste are arranged in series, with first combustion chamber being a down draft chamber in which there is a downward flow of combustion gas and waste fuel to a waste and gas outlet. The second chamber is adaptable to support waste on a supporting surface incorporated in the compartment, wherein the waste is transported through the compartment from a waste inlet to a waste outlet along a circular path.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of waste, the process comprising either a gasification step or a pyrolysis step to produce an offgas and a non-airborne, solid char material; followed by a a plasma treatment step. An associated apparatus having a plasma treatment unit which is separate from the gasification unit or pyrolysis unit.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of waste, the process comprising either a gasification step or a pyrolysis step to produce an offgas and a non-airborne, solid char material; followed by a plasma treatment step. An associated apparatus having a plasma treatment unit which is separate from the gasification unit or pyrolysis unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a burner which uses solid fuels, especially waste plastic fuels. Burner size is minimized by having multiple combustion chambers concentrically located around a rotating screw conveyor. Heat efficiency is improved by having air passages disposed around the combustion chambers, thus preheating air for the combustion prior to its delivery to the combustion chambers, while simultaneously thermally insulating the combustion chambers against the environment. Waste plastic is transported from a fuel hopper to the combustion chambers by a rotating screw conveyor having the spiraling auger blades. Speed of screw conveyor rotation controls the consumption of waste plastic and, thus, the amount of thermal energy generated in the burner.

Abstract: A device is provided for accelerating and propelling whole tires into the combustion zone of a kiln. More specifically, the device comprises an upper accelerating assembly and a lower accelerating assembly for providing approximately constant exit velocity to a whole tire regardless of its size or weight.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the demilitarization of ammunition. The apparatus is comprised of an elongated tubular ammunition conveying chamber having a wall, an inlet opening, and a discharge opening; a heater in thermal communication with the elongated tubular chamber; and a first discharge barrier obstructing at least a first portion of the discharge opening of the elongated tubular chamber.

Abstract: Techniques are generally described for producing cement clinker that includes forming cement clinker in a kiln, heating waste additives, and applying the heated waste additives to the cement clinker in the kiln. Additionally, examples are generally described that include an apparatus for producing cement clinker that includes a kiln in which cement clinker is formed and a device having an opening positioned inside the kiln which provides heated waste additives to the kiln for application to the cement clinker. An example device for applying waste additives to cement clinker includes an eductor configured to receive waste additives and transport air in which the waste additives are pneumatically entrained, and includes a lance coupled to the eductor and configured to receive the pneumatically entrained waste additives and receive a support gas that reacts with the waste additives and heats the same for application to the cement clinker.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of waste, the process comprising either a gasification step or a pyrolysis step to produce an offgas and a non-airborne, solid char material; followed by a plasma treatment step. An associated apparatus having a plasma treatment unit which is separate from the gasification unit or pyrolysis unit.

Abstract: A retort oven for decomposition of waste materials through pyrolysis employing a deck with a variable angle of inclination for adjusting the retention time and processing rate of waste material flowing unassisted through the oven interior. The oven includes an outer shell lined with a refractory material and houses an inner oven chamber. The deck is adjustably hinge mounted to the inner chamber supporting sidewalls extending in a decline from a waste material entrance to a charred material exit. The deck is operated in a preferred angle range of inclination between 28°-50° from the oven floor normal. A controlled heat source is positioned within the oven to heat a first outer volume whose heated gases are transferred into a second inner volume of the inner chamber using an array of heat gun tubes heating the deck and material as it descends along the declined deck. The deck can be adjusted for varying the retention time of material within the oven for varied exposure to heat and charring efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method and apparatus for dehumidifying, drying or the like of different materials. The invention is developed primarily for dehumidification of sewage sludge (7), but it may be utilized for many different materials including foodstuffs as crispbread and pasta. The sludge (7) or other material is dehumidified or dried in a chamber (1) by means of thermal radiation. The thermal radiation is given by means of one or more elements (2) for thermal radiation. The thermal radiation is concentrated to one or more distinct wavelength ranges at which water has peaks for absorption of radiation energy. Air is circulated in the chamber (1), to take up moisture evaporated from the material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a furnace (10), its method of operation and control. The invention overcomes problems associated with existing furnaces by improving the recovery rate of waste metal. In a preferred embodiment the furnace (10) comprises a cylindrical body of constant internal diameter. The furnace body (12) is mounted on a frame (15) pivoted to a ground members (16a and 16b), the furnace body (12) is adapted to be reclined or inclined or at various angles (? and ?); a burner (30) to heat the furnace, and a door (19a, 19b) for sealing an open end (14). As the internal walls of the furnace body (12) are of a constant diameter, it is no longer necessary to incline the furnace (10) to such a degree in order to pour molten metal, because there is no narrow neck (which previously acted like a weir). In a preferred embodiment combustion air is routed through the door hinge to the burner (30).

Abstract: A method for disposing of an organic waste of high water content according to the present invention, includes: a step in which by means of a heat exchanger (22), a heat exchange is carried out between superheated steam and exhaust gas extracted by a cyclone (2b) of a suspension preheater (2), the high temperature superheated steam that was subjected to the heat exchange is introduced to a dryer (23), thereby drying any organic sludge into a dried organic waste, and by means of the heat exchanger (22), the superheated steam used for the drying is subjected to another heat exchange, thereby recycling the superheated steam in the drying of the organic sludge; and a step in which the resulting dried organic sludge is supplied to a precalcining furnace (3) as fuel and combusted.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and system is provided for treating sewage sludge by heating the same in a container to drive off pathogens and/or pasteurize the sewage sludge while the material is tumbled in the container and with moisture gases being evaporated therefrom and drawn off from the container. After treatment the treated sludge is discharged from the container. There is provided at least one weight-responsive member on which the container is mounted, and a control is provided connected to the one or more weight-responsive member whereby the solids content of the treated material can be determined by measuring the difference in weight of material in the container, before and after moisture is drawn off from the material and prior to its discharge from the drum. The control is preferably effected by means of a computer.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of waste, the process comprising: (i) either (a) a gasification step comprising treating the waste in a gasification unit in the presence of oxygen and steam to produce an offgas and a char, or (b) a pyrolysis step comprising treating the waste in a pyrolysis unit to produce an offgas and a char; and (ii) a plasma treatment step comprising subjecting the offgas and the char to a plasma treatment in a plasma treatment unit in the presence of oxygen and, optionally, steam.

Abstract: Apparatus for synergistically combining a plasma with a comminution means such as a fluid kinetic energy mill (jet mill), preferably in a single reactor and/or in a single process step is provided by the present invention. Within the apparatus of the invention potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and subsequently into angular momentum by means of wave energy, for comminuting, reacting and separation of feed materials. Methods of use of the apparatus in the practice of various processes are also provided by the present invention.

Abstract: There has been achieved a sludge dehydrating processor with less mechanical operation and with satisfactory dehydrating efficiency and heating efficiency. In order to process and convert sludge including an organic substance into solid fertilizer, a heating treatment zone for feeding and sterilizing an object to be treated and a dehydrating treatment/retrieving zone for separating water from the object to be treated and retrieving a treated object are provided. In the heating treatment zone, induction heating for efficiently heating the object to be treated without rotating a kiln body is introduced. In the dehydrating treatment/retrieving zone, a vortex air current producing mechanism for efficiently drying the object to be treated without rotating a dehydrating treatment chamber is introduced.

Abstract: Process for solid waste treatment, and particularly municipal solid waste, with recovery of the thermal energy, which is based on the general pyrolysis process modified in order to improve, on the one hand, the energy yield and, on the other, to reduce the quantity of unusable solid residues to be sent to the waste disposal, the unusable solid waste being limited to 10-15% of the total weight of the initial residue. The process and relative plant include a boosted treatment of the incoming waste, with a preliminary separation into three solid fractions, the first one of which is separately subjected to a preliminary drying step and the third one undergoes further shredding. The process and relative plant also include a section for recovering energy from the pyrolysis coke, wherein the latter is subjected to a thermochemical treatment with the production of a further quantity of synthesis gas.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method to further enhance NOx reduction in rotary preheater mineral kilns by coupling the temperature control and gas composition uniformity afforded by the high temperature mixing with the use of chemical reducing agents. The chemical reducing agent or agents, generally chosen from ammonia or ammonia precursors, are introduced at a specific point in the rotary preheater kiln which has as an optimal temperature window to achieve the greatest reduction of NOx emissions.

Abstract: A method is provided for purifying gases, particularly gases contaminated by environmentally harmful substances, by way of plasma discharge. The gas to be purified is guided through a thermal plasma, which is generated by electrodeless ignition of a process gas, so that, by way of the thermal plasma, the harmful substances contained in the gas to be purified are converted to environmentally neutral, fully oxidized substances.

Abstract: The invention relates to an industrial and/or household waste treatment method and to an industrial and/or household waste treatment installation (1). According to the invention, the method is characterised in that it consists of, in particular, the loading of the waste into numerous pierced containers (20), thermolysis of the waste in the containers (20) being conveyed into a pyrolysis oven (12); emptying of the containers (20) into a separation tank (18) in order to separate the products formed by the thermolysis; and treatment of the separated products.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for energy efficient remediation of soil contaminated with hydrocarbons, including desorbing the hydrocarbon contaminants from a bed of the soil by thermal desorption in a treated desorption chamber (20) and thereafter combusting the contaminants in a thermal oxidiser (30). The combustion air for the desorption chamber and the thermal oxidiser, and the desorbed contaminants prior to admission to said thermal oxidiser, are preheated by heat exchange (40) with offgases from the thermal oxidiser. The offgases are then rapidly quenched at below 200° C.

Abstract: A feed chute apparatus for injecting fuel into a rotating cement kiln by gravity. The apparatus, which is positioned adjacent to a cement kiln and supported at an angle of inclination sufficient to allow tires or other combustible materials to be gravity fed into the cement kiln, has a feed ramp for guiding the combustible material into the kiln. A gate having a pair of opposing posts is positioned at the end of the feed ramp to control the rate of feed of the combustible material. In the rest position, the posts are extended in relation to the feed ramp to prevent the flow of combustible material. When the kiln rotates to a position where the feed opening in the wall of the kiln is aligned with the feed ramp, the gate retracts to allow the combustible material to be gravity fed into the kiln.

Abstract: A system and associated method of processing solid waste via a waste gasification process results in usable by-products. The method utilizes a rotary kiln heated to a temperature of at least 800° F. and a reduction chamber, heated to a temperature of at least 1800° F. The solid waste is slowly rotated in the kiln for six to eight hours. The solid material is passed through screens to separate the ash from other items. Gases are monitored and transported to the reduction chamber to generate power. The gases are then transported to at least one air pollution control unit to remove contaminants before being vented into the atmosphere.

Abstract: The plant for the thermal treatment of material, in particular scrap material, comprises at least a reaction zone within a rotary kiln having the longitudinal axis inclined of an angle in the range 0°±45° with regard to an horizontal plane and provided of first heating means and of at least a rotary screw having second heating means. The screw shaft is hollow and has, at least locally, apertures allowing the flow of gas from and/or into the reaction zone, a plurality of thermally conductive particles being movable within the reaction zone.

Abstract: A thermal decomposition system is disclosed which can decompose wastes thermally in a continuous manner and which is therefore superior in its working efficiency. In the thermal decomposition system, wherein wastes to be treated are charged into a crucible and the crucible is heated while holding the interior thereof in vacuum to decompose the wastes thermally, both ends of a rotary furnace are supported rotatably by a frame, and drive units for rotating the rotary furnace are provided. The crucible, which is cylindrical, is installed in a central axis direction of the rotary furnace and a spiral groove is formed axially in an inner wall of the crucible. A heating device for heating the interior of the crucible is installed within the rotary furnace. Both opening ends of the crucible are connected to a feed box and a discharge box, respectively, which are supported by the frame.

Abstract: A furnace has a dual structure for carbonizing material. The furnace has a group of inner chambers and an outer chamber. Each of the inner chambers has a lid which can open and close to input the material for carbonizing. The outer chamber moves so that the group of inner chambers is housed in the outer chamber. Due to this, a combustion space is formed between the group of inner chambers and the outer chamber so as to heat each of the inner chambers to dry the material by distillation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are for the pyrolysis of waste. The aparatus has a rotating cell formed of a cylinder in combination with a truncated cone rotating on the same axis. The apparatus also has a hopper for charging the waste at one end of the cylinder, an ash box at the other end of the cylinder, a gas recuperator, and a retaining threshold between the cylinder and the truncated cone. A region of intimate contact of the waste with itself is created, whereby the waste is converted into coke which is used as fuel in the pyrolysis of the waste.

Abstract: A ring sealing arrangement for an indirectly heated rotary tubular kiln between a heating tunnel and a rotating tube (20) with several overlapping segments (10), forming a sealing ring, which are pressed by application pressure elements (30) radially against the rotating tube (20). The segments (10) are essentially made of a heat-resistant, light construction sealing material. The sealing ring consists of several flat band-like sections (32), which are connected with one another, especially by springs (34), and form a tightening ring.

Abstract: A thermal decomposition system is disclosed which can decompose wastes thermally in a continuous manner and which is therefore superior in its working efficiency. In the thermal decomposition system, wherein wastes to be treated are charged into a crucible and the crucible is heated while holding the interior thereof in vacuum to decompose the wastes thermally, both ends of a rotary furnace are supported rotatably by a frame, and drive units for rotating the rotary furnace are provided. The crucible, which is cylindrical, is installed in a central axis direction of the rotary furnace and a spiral groove is formed axially in an inner wall of the crucible. A heating device for heating the interior of the crucible is installed within the rotary furnace. Both opening ends of the crucible are connected to a feed box and a discharge box, respectively, which are supported by the frame.

Abstract: A pyrolysis furnace is described enabling removal of solid and liquid organic contaminants from various metal parts in a continuous manner. A novel furnace contruction employing a rotating retort vessel is described together with its method of continuous operation.

Abstract: The plant for the thermal treatment of material, in particular scrap material, comprises at least a reaction zone (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) within a rotary kiln (12) having the longitudinal axis inclined of an angle in the range 0°±45° with regard to an horizontal plane and provided of first heating means (14) and of at least a rotary screw (16) having second heating means (18). The screw shaft (20) is hollow and has, at least locally, apertures allowing the flow of gas from and/or into the reaction zone (10, 10a, 10b, 10c), a plurality of thermally conductive particles being movable within the reaction zone (10, 10a, 10b, 10c).

Abstract: Material to be treated such as garbage is charged into a first rotary kiln 14 to be mainly dehydrated and charged into a second rotary kiln 18 to be carbonized. The first rotary kiln 14 has a first nozzle pipe 11 therein for spouting a first high temperature gas and the second rotary kiln 18 has a second nozzle pipe 15 for spouting a second high temperature gas, mainly high temperature superheated steam with a temperature higher than a temperature of the first high temperature gas. The carbonized material is discharged outside after a temperature thereof is lowered to prevent spontaneous combustion in an atmosphere. Thereby, it is able to provide an apparatus for thermal treatment using superheated steam which can be built relatively small and by which treatment time can be shortened, and further, the final carbonized material can be used as charcoal.

Abstract: In the manufacture of cement clinker from cement raw meal, sulfide-containing raw materials or raw materials with a high TOC (total organic carbon) level can be used for cement manufacture, which are uncontrollably incompletely burned in the upper cyclone of a heat exchange line, thus leading to high emissions of CO, VOC (volatile organic carbon), and S2− in the waste gas. To reduce or completely eliminate such elevated emissions, an oxidation zone is provided in an waste gas duct downstream of the heat exchange line in the gas flow path, having an afterburner, the waste gas being caused positively to pass through open flames of the afterburner to assure the economical oxidation of the waste gas.