Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a hybrid combustion apparatus using the pyrolysis of water and combustion air, in which a combustion chamber is defined by a double wall and divided into a primary combustion chamber configured to combust waste and a secondary combustion chamber configured to combust exhaust gas, and the size (diameter) of a combustion unit through which waste is configured to be different from that of the combustion chamber in which a flame is located, so that combustion temperature is further increased by introducing air, so that heated due to proximity to a flame, as combustion air, combustible waste is combusted at an ultrahigh temperature by pyrolyzing water and combustion air by means of a high combustion temperature, and so that complete combustion is achieved by increasing the time for which a flame stays within the combustion chamber, thereby discharging clean exhaust gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides integrated bunker storage systems for waste streams based on the composition and characteristics of waste stream. In particular, the present invention provides a process for generating individual waste streams based on a set of material characteristics. According to the system and method of the present invention, individual waste streams from wastes stored in bunkers are mixed in a given feed ratio to generate a food stock that will produce a desired output from a chemical conversion process, e.g., gasification. Optionally, composition data regarding the fed stock can be certified to a third party.

Abstract: A gasifier for disposing of biomass and other waste materials through a gasification and combustion process. The gasifier includes a primary chamber for receiving and holding biomass or a selected waste product. A heat transfer chamber is disposed adjacent the primary chamber. A burner is associated with the gasifier for generating heat and heating the gasifier during various phases or portions of the gasification and combustion process. In the gasification process, the heat transfer chamber is heated and the heat is transferred to the primary chamber where the biomass is heated. During the gasification process, biomass material is volatized generating fumes and gases that later react and release heat through exothermic reactions. Once the gasification process has been concluded, the process enters a combustion phase where the biomass is actually burned. During the gasification-combustion phases, the amount of heat supplied by the burner will vary.

Abstract: Systems and processes provide for a thermal process to transform sludge (and a variety of other natural waste materials) into electricity. Dewatered sludge and other materials containing a high amount of latent energy are dried into a powdered biofuel using a drying gas produced in the system. The drying gas is recirculated and is heated by the biofuel produced in the system, waste heat (from turbines or internal combustion engines), gas (including natural gas or digester gas) and/or oil. The biofuel is combusted in a boiler system that utilizes a burner operable to burn biofuel and produce heat utilized in a series of heat exchangers that heat the recirculating drying air and steam that powers the turbines for electricity production.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biomass combustion burner applied to a pulverized coal-fired boiler to burn biomass fuel, a biomass-mixed fired boiler that reduces an amount of CO2 derived from fossil fuels, and a method for burning biomass fuel using the foregoing. The biomass combustion burner includes a biomass fuel jet nozzle having a fuel jet port that jets biomass fuel conveyed by primary air; a secondary air nozzle having a secondary air jet port that surrounds the fuel jet port; and a tertiary air nozzle having a tertiary air jet port that surrounds the secondary air jet port. The biomass fuel jet nozzle includes a fuel concentration adjusting section that changes a biomass fuel stream into a swirl flow to thereby make a fuel concentration higher on an outer circumferential portion side; and a degree-of-swirl adjusting plate that reduces a degree of swirl of a jetting fuel stream.

Abstract: This invention provides a system for removing ammonia from landfill leachate. The system comprises: an economiser 22 for producing high pressure hot water in a hot water circuit from heat exchange with a hot gas stream carrying waste heat; a boiler 26 which is heated by the high pressure hot water to produce steam; and an ammonia stripper 32. The ammonia stripper 32 has a leachate inlet 56 connected to a leachate flow path, and an ammonia containing gas outlet 36, at an upper end thereof. A leachate discharge outlet 72 is provided which is connected to a leachate discharge flow path 74, and a steam inlet 70 is provided which is connected to the boiler 26 by a conduit. At a lower end of the ammonia stripper there is a forced air inlet 68. A randomly packed bed 60, 64 located between the upper end and the lower end. In use there is a flow of steam and air in one direction and of leachate in the opposite direction which releases ammonia from the leachate.

Abstract: A gas treatment plant (3) for treating an industrial waste gas comprising carbon dioxide comprises an oxyfuel boiler (100) and a pipe (109; 122; 180) arranged for forwarding the industrial waste gas to the oxyfuel boiler (100) and injecting the industrial waste gas into the oxyfuel boiler (100) to participate in the combustion process occurring in the boiler (100) to cause oxidation of at least a portion of the content of at least one oxidizable substance of the industrial waste gas. The gas treatment plant (3) further comprises a gas cleaning system (108), and a pipe (126) for forwarding a carbon dioxide rich flue gas generated in the boiler (100) to the gas cleaning system (108) for being cleaned therein, such that an at least partly cleaned carbon dioxide rich flue gas is formed.

Abstract: A process and related apparatus for the treatment of hazardous waste and an initially separate waste stream, the process comprising gasifying the waste stream in a gasification unit to produce an offgas and a char material; and plasma treating the offgas, and optionally the char material, in a plasma treatment unit to produce a syngas; and blending hazardous waste with the waste stream at a point in the process determined by the relative chemical and/or physical properties of the hazardous waste and the waste stream.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of waste, the process comprising either a gasification step or a pyrolysis step to produce an offgas and a non-airborne, solid char material; followed by a a plasma treatment step. An associated apparatus having a plasma treatment unit which is separate from the gasification unit or pyrolysis unit.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of waste, the process comprising either a gasification step or a pyrolysis step to produce an offgas and a non-airborne, solid char material; followed by a plasma treatment step. An associated apparatus having a plasma treatment unit which is separate from the gasification unit or pyrolysis unit.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of waste, the process comprising either a gasification step or a pyrolysis step to produce an offgas and a non-airborne, solid char material; followed by a plasma treatment step. An associated apparatus having a plasma treatment unit which is separate from the gasification unit or pyrolysis unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a carbon treatment system for supplying decomposition heat to waste tires. The carbon treatment system of the present invention comprises: a carbon storage tank which receives carbon separated from a thermal decomposition furnace for thermally decomposing waste tires and which stores the received carbon; a burner which receives oil or gas contained in the steam generated during a process of thermally decomposing waste tires, and burns the received oil or gas; and a combustion furnace arranged at one side of the burner to burn the carbon supplied by the carbon storage tank using the burner as an ignition source and to supply heat generated during the combustion to the thermal decomposition furnace. The thus-configured system of the present invention completely burns the carbon separated from waste tires to prevent contamination and reutilizes the heat generated during combustion to maximize the economical operation thereof, and therefore is of great industrial usefulness.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying and reducing the particle size of malleable material. Preferred embodiments of the invention include a drying apparatus for use with a malleable material, comprising a blower, an airlock feeder, a main line which contains an accelerator, a conditioning chamber, and a dehydration chamber, a polishing line which contains an accelerator, a conditioning chamber, and a dehydration chamber, and a squid line blower for providing pressurized heated air to the apparatus. An alternative preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a method of drying and size reducing malleable material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process (1) for the combustion of materials (X), comprising the steps of: (a) inserting the preferably compacted materials (X) in a reaction chamber (3) and closing the chamber (3); (b) injecting a flow of combustible gas and a corresponding flow of a comburent gas, which are in the correct stoichiometric ratio to each other, into the reaction chamber (3), so as to activate combustion of the materials (X); (c) continuing the thermochemical reaction of the oxidizable elements, for example carbon, with the oxygen present, without introducing any more gases; (d) injecting comburent gas to feed the thermochemical reactions of the oxidizable elements present in the materials (X), until the increase in temperature stops; (e) opening a throttle valve (5) to expel the gases, while continuing to introduce comburent gas at a substantially constant pressure until all remaining carbon has been oxidized, the strongly bound oxides have been subjected to pyrolysis and the metals present ha

Abstract: A process for the treatment of waste, the process comprising: (i) either (a) a gasification step comprising treating the waste in a gasification unit in the presence of oxygen and steam to produce an offgas and a char, or (b) a pyrolysis step comprising treating the waste in a pyrolysis unit to produce an offgas and a char; and (ii) a plasma treatment step comprising subjecting the offgas and the char to a plasma treatment in a plasma treatment unit in the presence of oxygen and, optionally, steam.

Abstract: A waste processing system is provided herein which entails the use of at least one fixed-position plasma arc generator for primary processing and at least one moveable plasma arc generator for secondary processing assistance and/or final conditioning of the slag prior to exit from the reactor vessel. This optimum processing environment is provided by control of reactor vessel configuration and real time control of processing characteristics to ensure maximum processing efficiency.

Abstract: A method of disposing of combustible materials. The method includes the steps of: providing a heating space; providing a first source to generate heat to a first predetermined level at a first location in the heating space sufficient to reconstitute the combustible materials to a molten slag at the first location and so that heat generated by the first source elevates the temperature at a second location within the heating space to a second predetermined heat level that is below the predetermined heat level and high enough to cause combustion of the combustible materials; directing combustible materials to the second location at which the combustible materials are combusted to produce ash; and causing the ash to be directed to the first location to be reconstituted as molten slag.

Abstract: A controlled thermal oxidation process for solid combustible waste. The process comprises a first combustion stage wherein the waste is burned in a downward direction from top to bottom. A first, fixed air flow of predetermined volume is passed from bottom to top of the waste. A second, modulated air flow of predetermined lesser volume is passed over the waste and through the combustion flame. The process further comprises a second combustion stage wherein products of combustion from the first stage are exposed to high temperature conditions for a short period of time under 135% to 200% overall stoichiometric air conditions.

Abstract: A device for treating gaseous effluents from a catalytic cracking unit comprises at least one first stage for regenerating a catalyst used in a catalytic cracking process wherein the gaseous effluents issuing from a cracking catalyst regenerator are treated in a heat recovery unit (CR) including a treating chamber having an entrained bed. The absorbent introduced in this chamber has a "fine" grain size ranging between 0.1 and 100 .mu.m and can be regenerated in the device downstream from heat recovery unit (CR).

Abstract: Method and apparatus for incinerating low density organic materials using a pair of side by side multiple hearth furnaces are disclosed. The first furnace of the pair operates in a temperature-controlled reducing atmosphere to achieve complete volatilization of non-fixed carbon contained in the fuel feed stock. The second furnace operates in a temperature-controlled oxidizing atmosphere to achieve complete oxidation of all fixed-carbon contained in the char output of the first furnace. The gaseous products of both furnaces are combined and burned in a low - Btu gas burner, thus providing the heat input to a power boiler or other process suited to the heat quality produced.

Abstract: Radioactive wastes are treated in a furnace which has electrodes for electric heating. The furnace has at the lower end an outlet for slag material as well as a gas discharge line. Its well is a self-supporting tubular body which is arranged detachably in a metal furnace housing. At the upper end of the well is a line for feeding water. Thereby, carbon-containing waste, possibly also carbon of a carbon bed, is reacted to form water gas (CO+H.sub.2), which is burned after purification in an exhaust gas plant. The outlet of the metal housing has a movable grate.

Abstract: A burner throat, secured between a producer and a burner, the burner throat including a superheating means comprising a return gas line drawing hot combusted gases from the burner to the burner throat through an annular chamber surrounding the inlet portion of the burner throat, the burner throat also including an out-of-line fan discharging an air stream vertically in inlet portion of the burner throat to create a suction chamber thereat; the burner is multichambered and includes secondary air inlet means for providing excess oxygen for producer gas combustion in an excess of oxygen, a portion of the burner is enclosed in a tunnel having an open end and a fluid flow, the fluid flow transmits heat from the burner through a first damper in the tunnel, and into a large fan enclosed within a fan room; the fan room has a supplemental heat source and second dampers; the fan has a plenum at its discharge side for receiving a heated discharge fluid flow from the fan to distribute to grain bins; the plenum includes a

Abstract: A furnace adapted to burn a low grade, granulated fuel. The furnace has a combustion vessel to receive a fuel and spaced inner and outer walls. A lid is positionable on the top of the combustion vessel and there is an exhaust vent in the lid. A bottom to the combustion vessel. A false bottom to the combustion vessel spaced above the bottom to define a passageway. There is at least one perforate column extending from the bottom through the combustion vessel to adjacent the lid. Air may be fed to the fuel and the burned residue of any fuel can be supported.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal and destruction of fibrous materials suspended in a liquid, more particularly for the disintegration and incineration of fibers which enter the wastewater process and builds up in the primary settling tank, aeration basins, clarifiers, and sludge holding zones. The fibrous containing liquid is pumped from a holding tank into an incineration chamber and passed through a filtration grid assembly, depositing the suspended fibers and debris thereon, and returns to the holding tank. After a predetermined time period, the pumping action is terminated. The debris deposited on the grid assembly is then completely incinerated. After the grid assembly has sufficiently cooled water is again pumped into the incineration chamber to wash away the ashes remaining into the holding tank. The ashes settle to the bottom of the holding tank, later to be removed along with the other debris settled on the bottom as is known in the art. The procedure is then repeated.