Abstract: A method and system for controlling the cyclone collection efficiency and recycle rate in a fluidized bed reactor in which air is introduced into the cyclone separator in a direction opposite to that of the flow of the flue gases and entrained solids. The air entrains a portion of the fine solids and passes same through the separator and to a heat recovery area to reduce the solid inventory reduction as needed.

Abstract: A method of burning solid fuel having low melting point alkaline compositions, such as alkali metal salts, particularly lignite and salty brown coal. The fuel is introduced into the reaction chamber of a circulating fluidized bed reactor, and is mixed prior to introduction to the reaction chamber with a reactant material capable of reacting with the low melting point alkaline compositions of the fuel to produce high melting point alkali metal compounds during combustion. The temperature in the reaction chamber is kept below the melting point of the formed alkali metal compounds. The reactant material comprises silica oxide or a metal oxide, or hydroxide, of the group consisting of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, iron, titanium, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Kaolin is particularly effective, especially when the molar ratio of Al/(Na and K) is at least 1.0.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning fuel in an annular-nozzle burner wherein a compact flame is generated by inhibiting the dispersion of fuel particles and concentrating the fuel particles in a primary combustion area having a high rate of radiant heat transfer between the fuel particles by maintaining a sufficiently high velocity of the fuel particles and causing them to undergo essentially linear flow in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the burner.

Abstract: A combustion chamber with a fluidized bed furnace having a nozzle plate, a fuel feed above the nozzle plate, a primary air feed below the nozzle plate, an exhaust gas channel at an upper end of the combustion chamber, and heat-exchanging heating surfaces includes a cylindrical combustion chamber wall disposed vertically upright and having, in an upper region thereof, a plurality of secondary air nozzles disposed tangentially as well as downwardly inclined to the cylindrical wall for separating and returning unspent solid particles into a lower region of the fluidized bed, a device for directing a flow of gas and particles vertically upwardly in a central region of the combustion chamber and spirally downwardly along the cylindrical wall, and a device for impressing an upwardly increasing rotary flow about an axis of symmetry of the combustion chamber upon the gas flow.

Abstract: A process and plant for improving the incineration of fuels, in order to reduce the production of noxious gases, particularly nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.X) and also to reduce the emission of dioxines and furans when incinerating solid or liquid wastes containing precursors of dioxines and furans. Air containing an excess of oxygen is used for incinerating the combustible materials. The amount of oxygen contained in the enriched air is preferably of about 30 to 35% with respect to the normal content of oxygen (23.19%). The plant comprises essentially at least one combustion chamber and an equipment for supplying air enriched with oxygen to said combustion chamber.

Abstract: A means and method of controlling the load turndown in a fluidized bed combustor including a fluidized combustion bed having an independent fluidization air source. A separately fluidizable heat transfer bed surrounds the fluidized combustion bed. By independently adjusting the fluidization of the heat transfer bed, the load turndown of the fluidized bed combustor can be accurately and efficiently controlled.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor and a method of operating same in which a bed of particulate material is supported on a grate in an enclosure. Air is passed through the grate to fluidize the particulate material and promote the combustion of the fuel. At least one separating unit is disposed adjacent each of two walls forming the enclosure for receiving the mixture of air, the gaseous products of combustion and the relative fine particulate material entrained by the air and gaseous products of combustion. Each separating unit operates to separate the particulate material from the mixture, and a distributor unit is associated with each separating unit for receiving the separated particulate material and distributing it to the bed at multiple locations.

Abstract: A method of stable combustion in a fluidized bed incinerator for burning and decomposing refuse such as municipal wastes while fluidizing them is disclosed. A number of air diffuser tubes are provided inside the incinerator body for fluidizing the refuse and the fluidizing medium. The fluidizing air from the air diffuser tubes is supplied at high speed or low speed from each of the tubes respectively. By alternately forming more and less fluidized areas inside the fluidized bed, the refuse is stably burned. Because of the stable combustion of the refuse, the combustion air ratio can be reduced and the combustion chamber temperature inside the incinerator can be maintained at a high level.

Abstract: An improved multi-fuel burning method and apparatus having means for regulating the fuel-air mixture passing therethrough and including four separately controlled passageways delivering the air necessary for combustion and transport of the fuel while reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A fluidized bed steam generating system includes an upstanding combustion vessel, a gas/solids separator, a convection pass boiler and a heat exchanger positioned directly below the boiler and all of the above elements except the gas/solids separator are enclosed within a waterwall structure having outside waterwalls and a central waterwall common to the reactor vessel on one hand and the convection pass boiler and heat exchanger on the other hand. The close proximity of the components of the system eliminate numerous problems present in conventional multi-solid fluidized bed steam generators.

Abstract: A method for reducing the NO.sub.x content of effluent gas in a coal-dust-fired combustion system comprising establishing at least two vertically adjacent burner planes, in which the burner flame cores are fed with primary air in the core zones in a substoichiometric ratio to the coal dust feed stream and are additionally fed with secondary air comprising recycled flue gas in optional combination with preheated fresh air, and in which the burner mantle zones are fed with tertiary air comprising recycle flue gas and optional fresh air, so that, overall, a substantially stoichiometric combustion air ratio is established in the region of the lower burner plane and, overall, a highly substoichiometric combustion air ratio is established in the region of the upper burner plane. The apparatus employed is an economical primary measure requiring little space and minimal loss of energy, and is easily retrofitted in existing plants.

Abstract: A fluidized bed heat generator with improved collector for ash removal and heat recovery comprises a central hearth having a fluidization grid at its lower end. The side wall of the hearth is enclosed by a hollow peripheral enclosure to define an intermediate volume therebetween which is connected both to the upper part of the hearth and to fume tubes. These fume tubes extend through the peripheral enclosure and open into a fume exit conduit such that fumes and entrained ash from the hearth can be directed via the intermediate volume and the fume tubes to the fume exit conduit. Water is arranged to circulate within the peripheral enclosure around the hearth and fume tubes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a burner for the partial combustion of a carbonaceous fuel, wherein e.g. coal and oxygen are supplied to a reactor space and heat from the combustion is transferred from the burner face by means of a heat pipe to a fluid cooled section of the burner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning fuel in an annular-nozzle burner wherein a compact flame is generated by inhibiting the dispersion of fuel particles and concentrating the fuel particles in a primary combustion area having a high rate of radiant heat transfer between the fuel particles by maintaining a sufficiently high velocity of the fuel particles and causing them to undergo esentially linear flow in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the burner.

Abstract: A pressurized cyclonic combustion method and a cylindrical burner apparatus for pressurized combustion of particulate solid fuels to produce a pressurized clean effluent gas. In the burner, the particulate solids such as wood chips are fed tangentially into a primary combustion chamber at its inlet end and flow at high tangential velocity in a helical path through the burner. Oxygen-containing combustion gas such as air is supplied tangentially at high velocity through multiple ports spaced along the burner length to maintain and/or increase the high tangential velocity and produce high centrifugal forces on the particulate solids and provide for prolonged combustion and produce high burner volumetric heat release rates exceeding about 400,000 Btu/hr ft.sup.3. A choke opening is provided centrally located at the combustion chamber outlet end for promoting prolonged combustion of solid fuel particles upstream of a quench zone. A secondary combustion chamber is provided downstream of the choke opening.

Abstract: In a furnace (10) in which a sulfur-bearing fuel is burned, a sorbent material such as limestone is introduced into the upper portion of the furnace through a plurality of nozzle arrangements (40). Each nozzle arrangement comprises a pair of concentric pipes (42,44) with deflector means (46) located between the pipes and adjustable by means (54), so that the sorbent material introduced through the outer pipe is dispersed in an area near the furnace wall, while that introduced through the inner pipe is projected to the central portion of the furnace. There are sufficient nozzle arrangements, and they are so located, so as to cover substantially the entire cross-sectional area of the furnace with sorbent material.

Abstract: An incineration equipment for removing organic substances from various parts of an extruder in a plastics forming machine, has a combustion chamber formed in the upper portion of a heating furnace accommodating a fluidized-bed consisting of refractory particles therein, into which furnace the various parts are to be thrown, and a burning system for heating the fluidized-bed and also for causing gaseous decomposed polymers produced by thermal decomposition of the organic substances and mixed with air fed from the bottom of the furnace through a porous dispersion plate to burn in the combustion chamber. This burning system connects through a single directional control valve with a fuel tank and an air tank, and it comprises a burner having its tip end opened in the combustion chamber, and a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature in the furnace and outputting an operation signal for actuating the directional control valve in accordance with the sensed furnace temperature.

Abstract: A pulverized coal burner device capable of ensuring stabilized combustion of pulverized coal even when mill load is low.

Abstract: A method of feeding particulate material (17) to a fluidized bed furnace (10) is provided wherein particulate coal, particulate limestone and particulate material withdrawn from the furnace system are fed to the furnace as a mixture in a unified feed system. Raw coal and limestone are independently crushed to the desired size and premixed to yield a desired calcium to sulfur mole ratio. The premized coal and limestone (7) are passed to a dryer/mixer and contacted therein with hot particulate material (9,19) withdrawn from the fluidized bed furnace system for a period of time sufficient to substantially dry the wet coal and hydrate at least a portion of the lime contained in the hot particulate material. The so-conditioned mixture (15) is then entrained in a conveying gas and fed to the fluidized bed (12) in a conventional manner.

Abstract: A method of operating a circulating fluidized bed combustion reactor includes providing a reactor with an upright combustion chamber and an upright and cylindrical cyclonic combustor, feeding in combustible matter, supplying first and second streams of pressurized air, permitting combustion product gases to exit while retaining and returning granular material and uncombusted matter to the lower region of the combustion chamber and controlling the various flows.

Abstract: There is provided a slagging coal combustion system suitable for retrofitting boilers, furnaces and industrial-process heat generators originally designed to burn oil or gas. It comprises a primary combustion chamber into which oxidizer and fuel are injected to provide high-velocity, rotational-flow combustion zones, such that the fuel is burned substoichiometrically, while in flight, with up to 90% of the resultant ash being removed as molten ash. The combustion products pass from the primary chamber to chamber where slag is removed and the gaseous products are passed to end-use equipment. A coal-fired precombustor subsystem feeds partially-heated air as the oxidizer to the primary combustion chamber supply of oxidizer, at any selected temperature within the range from about 1200.degree. F. to about 2000.degree. F. The stoichiometry of this precombustor and the velocity and mass-flow rates of its output stream are independently controllable.

Abstract: Boiler with a circulating fluidized bed, comprising a fluidization column completely lined with refractory material, a recirculation cyclone (2) and a duct (3) for recycling the solid materials. At least one heat-exchanger component (25, 26, 27) is placed in the recirculation cyclone (2). Pipe lines (30) enable air to be injected in tangential directions into the upper part of the cyclone (2) and thereby to increase the vortex effect. The combustion takes place substantially in the upper part of the cyclone (2). The fluidization column (1) comprises a widened section (1a) in its lower part.

Abstract: A pressurized cyclonic combustion method and a cylindrical burner apparatus for pressurized combustion of particulate solid fuels to produce a pressurized clean effluent gas. In the burner, the particulate solids such as wood chips are fed tangentially into a primary combustion chamber at its inlet end and flow at high tangential velocity in a helical path through the burner. Oxygen-containing combustion gas such as air is supplied tangentially at high velocity through multiple ports spaced along the burner length to maintain and/or increase the high tangential velocity and produce high centrifugal forces on the particulate solids and provide for prolonged combustion and produce high burner volumetric heat release rates exceeding about 400,000 Btu/hr ft.sup.3. A choke opening is provided centrally located at the combustion chamber outlet end for promoting prolonged combustion of solid fuel particles upstream of a quench zone. A secondary combustion chamber is provided downstream of the choke opening.

Abstract: A PFBC plant which includes a gas cleaner located inside an air-filled pressure vessel is provided with means to detect erosion damage in the gas cleaner. Portions of the wall of the gas cleaner which are exposed to erosion damage are surrounded by a space defined by a gas-tight mantle. The mantle has an opening which provides a connection between the defined space and the air in the pressure vessel. Adjacent the opening is a device for indicating when air flows through the opening into the defined space.

Abstract: A pulverized fuel firing apparatus comprises a first pulverized fuel injection compartment so constructed that the combined amount of primary air and secondary air to be consumed is less than the theoretical amount of air required for the combustion of the pulverized fuel to be fed as mixed with the primary air to a furnace, a second pulverized fuel injection compartment so constructed that the combined primary and secondary air amount is substantially equal to the theoretical air for the pulverized fuel to be fed together with the primary air, and a supplementary air compartment for injecting supplementary air into the furnace. The three compartments are arranged close to one another and control the NOx production upon combustion of the pulverized fuel.

Abstract: A furnace burns coal where the coal is decreased to a fine size to expand the surface of the carbon in the coal to a predetermined amount of free oxygen from air to militate against reduction of alkali compounds in the coal. Further, the temperature of the combustion is controlled to a predetermined maximum by recirculation of cooled flue gas to complete the control over the alkali compounds in the coal and prevent the formation of tube-fouling silicates.

Abstract: In a combustion apparatus, gas for combustion is fed in a combustion chamber receiving a heating medium such as sand to continuously blow the heating medium upwardly to thereby circulate the heating medium in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: In a combustion zone a fuel injector is immersed in a mixture of oxidant and products of combustion having a temperature of about 2000 degrees F. or higher. In order to maintain rapid and stable combustion, it is desirable to avoid excessive absorption of thermal energy from this mixture. To that end, the present invention provides means for impeding transfer of heat to the fuel injector from the adjacent mixture, such that portions of the mixture immediately adjacent the fuel injector may be kept at a temperature of approximately the ash-fusion temperature of the fuel, or higher, while the interior of the fuel injector is kept at a temperature substantially below the ash-fusion temperature. This means for impeding heat transfer preferably comprises at least one material having a thermal conductivity substantially lower than that of the fuel injector and, in a preferred embodiment, consists essentially of slag formed from noncombustible-mineral constituents of the fuel.

Abstract: A plant for combustion of a particulate fuel in a fluidized bed in a combustion chamber has the fuel supplied into the bottom of the combustion chamber by means of a pneumatic transportation system via nozzles. Fuel for the plurality of nozzles is transported through a duct to a distributor and from there via individual conduits to the nozzles of the combustion chamber. These conduits include flow-inhibiting, pressure-drop generating means, by means of which a pressure drop is generated between the distributor and the combustion chamber. These pressure-drop inducing means influence the velocity of flow and hence the transport capacity of the transport gas so that a desired, normally uniform, distribution of fuel to the bed is secured.

Abstract: A combustion method and burner nozzle system having a DeNO.sub.x Stabilizer concentrically secured within a burner nozzle such that the fuel stream is separated into an outer fuel-rich stream and an inner fuel-lean stream. The outer fuel-rich stream passes around the exterior of the DeNO.sub.x Stabilizer where its flow area is increased thereby decreasing its velocity before it is discharged from the burner nozzle. Concurrently, the inner fuel-lean stream passes through the DeNO.sub.x Stabilizer where its flow area is reduced thereby increasing its velocity before this stream is discharged from the burner nozzle central to the slower fuel-rich stream. Mixing members interior of the burner nozzle further mix the fuel-rich stream before exiting the nozzle.

Abstract: A vertical conduit closed at one end by a head wall and connected at its opposite end to a fluidization gas delivery means is provided with side blowing nozzles longitudinally spaced in planes. A shutter is movable inside the conduit so that the bed in which the conduit is disposed in use can be progressively brought into a state of fluidization by supplying fluidization gas to the nozzles successively and cumulatively starting from the top. The invention obviates the need for the introduction via the bottom of the fluidized bed of compressed air at a high pressure when starting up the fluidization of the bed.

Abstract: Industrial furnace for the combustion of solid, liquid, pasty or gaseous fuels, including at least two fluidized beds through which hot gas passes from the bottom, and which are offset in height in the transport direction of the fuel into the combustion chamber according to a reciprocal delimitation one behind the other and in step, after adjusting a mean combustion temperature between preferably 500.degree. and 800.degree. C. It is further possible to recover from household refuse, and/or industrial refuse similar to household refuse, a fraction of fuel rich in energy and low in noxious products by preparation via drum screens, hammer mills, and sliding plate and rod screens of a particulate size between 120 and 500 mm.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed furnace (10) is disclosed wherein a non-cyclonic particulate separator (18) is integrally disposed in the flue gas flow path between the furnace gas outlet (14) and the flue gas duct (16). The separator (18) comprises an arcuate duct (20 ) having a curvilinear inner wall (24), the portion thereof which is disposed across the inlet to the flue gas duct (16) having a plurality of openings (28) therein which provide a flow area through which a portion of the flue gas pass into the flue gas duct (16). Gas/solids separation is accomplished as the flue gas turns sharply from its arcuate path to pass through the openings (28) in the inner wall (24). The momentum of the particulate solids and the centrifugal forces acting thereon prevent the solids from sharply turning and cause the solids to continue on their arcuate flow path through the duct (20) in the remaining flue gas to a solids collection means (40) opening to the solids outlet (26) of the arcuate duct (20).

Abstract: A mobile coal-fired fluidized bed furnace system (10) is provided for generating steam to power a locomotive. Coal is combusted within the fluidized bed furnace chamber (30) in the fluidizing air to produce a hot flue gas which pass from the furnace chamber (30) through a boiler tank (90) and an economizer (34). The steam generated in the boiler bank and the walls of the furnace chamber is collected in steam drum (40) and passed therefrom through an in-bed superheater (100) and thence to the power generating means (22) to produce the power which drives the locomotive.

Abstract: A fluidized bed process and apparatus for uniformly drying particulized wet wood material or waste, commonly called hog fuel, from in excess of 50% moisture content to a 30% level suitable for burning as boiler fuel without generating "blue haze" air pollution typical of conventional rotary dryers. The fluidized bed of this invention is divided into treatment zones by a baffle arrangement. The hog fuel flows substantially horizontally along a circuitous path through the treatment zones. Hot flue gases fluidize the bed of hog fuel and provide necessary drying heat. Fines portions from each zone are entrained by the drying gases and blown out of the vessel just as they achieve the desired level of dryness and before significant blue haze is generated. A cyclone recovers these fines as product. Gas pressure to each treatment zone is adjusted so that only the desired amount of hog fuel is blown from the bed with the balance proceeding to subsequent zones.

Abstract: A vibratory fluidized bed reactor vibrates a solid particle bed to fluidize the bed, and air or other gaseous stream is injected into the bed. The reactor can employ a rotationally-vibrated bowl or a linearly-vibrated pan. The vibratory motion keeps the particles evenly distributed and prevents blowholes from developing, leading to improved reaction. The vibratory motion also marches particles up a spiral groove in the circumferential wall of the bowl, e.g., to facilitate ash removal from the fuel bed, to recycle reactants or catalysts, to sequence reactants to subsequent stages, etc. In the case of the pan, vibratory motion marches the particles up an inclined plate.

Abstract: A fluidized bed process and apparatus for uniformly drying particulized wet wood material or waste, commonly called hog fuel, from in excess of 50% moisture content to a 30% level suitable for burning as boiler fuel without generating "blue haze" air pollution typical of conventional rotary dryers. The fluidized bed of this invention is divided into treatment zones by a baffle arrangement. The hog fuel flows substantially horizontally along a circuitous path through the treatment zones. Hot flue gases fluidize the bed of hog fuel and provide necessary drying heat. Fines portions from each zone are entrained by the drying gases and blown out of the vessel just as they achieve the desired level of dryness and before significant blue haze is generated. A cyclone recovers these fines as product. Gas pressure to each treatment zone is adjusted so that only the desired amount of hog fuel is blown from the bed with the balance proceeding to subsequent zones.

Abstract: A primary air exchange device for a burner of a pulverized fuel, such as coal, with burner including a supply line through which a primary air and pulverized fuel mixture is supplied. A separator having its inlet within the supply line is dimensioned to receive and remove approximately one half of the primary air while the remaining half of the primary air moves past the separator. Additionally approximately 90% of the pulverized fuel passes the separator while only about 10% of the pulverized fuel enters the separator along with approximately one half the primary air. This air and small quantity of fuel mixture is delivered from the separator to a nozzle where it is discharged into a burner throat of a furnace. Hot air is injected into the remaining mixture of half the primary air plus the large percentage of pulverized fuel to heat this fuel before it is injected into the furnace for ignition.

Abstract: A fluidized bed calciner cooperating with a pulverized coal boiler includes a two tier fluidized lime cooling bed arrangement. Control of the combustion air flow through the fluidized bed calciner by means of a bypass achieves flexible operation and economy. The cooling beds transfer heat from the hot lime to the combustion air, and a bypass controls the temperature of the air flowing to the combustion chamber. The two tier arrangement is compact and adaptable to the retrofitting of a standardized pulverized coal boiler.

Abstract: A coal burner comprising a combustion chamber (18), a main nozzle (21) for particulate coal and a primary air supply opening (19) in said combustion chamber, a pilot nozzle (23) having an outlet (25) adjacent the outlet (26) to the main nozzle, a feed line (28) for feeding a mixture of ultrafine pulverized coal and an inert gaseous fluid to said pilot nozzle (23), and a separator (30) in said feed line for increasing the concentration of ultrafine coal to gaseous medium in said mixture.

Abstract: A steam generator in which a plurality of vertically spaced fluidized beds are provided in a single enclosure, with one boundary wall of the enclosure having openings therein for permitting the discharge of effluent gases from the fluidized beds. A heat recovery enclosure is defined adjacent the beds for receiving their effluent gases and a fluidized bed is disposed in the heat recovery enclosure. A separator system is disposed adjacent the heat recovery enclosure and receives the effluent gases from the heat recovery enclosure and separates the entrained solid particles therefrom. The separated particles are reinjected into the fluidized bed in the heat recovery enclosure.

Abstract: A powdered coal burner used for directly heating an object to be heated, particularly iron scrap, in a heating vessel. The burner is composed of an oxygen nozzle, a powdered coal nozzle, an air nozzle, disposed concentrically from the center, and a cone which is provided at the end of the opening part of the oxygen nozzle in such a way as to disperse oxygen in a radial direction and burn powdered coal. The burner burns with shortened length of flame, and temperature of the flame is not excessively high.

Abstract: The invention comprises a burner (10), a first fuel pipe (18) for conveying a mixture of air and pulverized coal to the burner (10), a second fuel pipe (32) for conveying the mixture to the first pipe (18), an elbow (26) joining the first pipe (18) to the second pipe (32), said elbow (26) having an inner radius and an outer radius (27), the improvement comprising a restriction (30) in the second pipe (32), being located such that it forces the coal particles towards the outer radius (27) of the elbow (26), thereby reducing impact wear on the outer radius wall (27) of the elbow (26).

Abstract: The present invention concerns an ignition device for igniting fuel within a heating boiler having a combustion section operating according to the fluidized bed principle. The ignition device comprises a jacket-like body portion with a surface facing away from the fluidized bed of particles such as sand being furnished with a heating member, and the surface of the jacket-like body portion facing the fluidized bed of particles having heat transfer elements. The heat transfer elements may be rib-shaped, while a lagging or equivalent structure may encircle the ignition device, to form an intermediate space therebetween through which combustion gas is arranged to flow into the jacket-like body portion. A member for pre-heating the combustion gas flowing through this intermediate space, may also be provided, which is in turn cooled by the inflowing combustion gas.

Abstract: A seal assembly for a vapor generator each wall of which has spaced lower and an upper portions to accommodate relative movement there between. The seal assembly includes a trough containing water and connected to one of the portions of each wall. A dip skirt extends into the trough and divides same into an inner chamber and outer chamber, and a partition extends from the dip skirt, across the space between the wall portions, and to the other wall portion to expose the water in the inner chamber to the boiler pressure and the water in the outer chamber to atmosphere. As a result, relative movement between the wall portions is accommodated by corresponding movement of the dip skirt in the water trough while maintaining an airtight seal.

Abstract: A method of burning petroleum coke dust in a burner flame having an intensive internal recirculation zone. The petroleum coke dust is supplied to that region of the intensive recirculation zone which provides the ignition energy for the petroleum coke dust which is to be burned.

Abstract: The present invention is a process and associated apparatus for obtaining energy from a fuel source having particles varying in size from fines to coarse. The fuel source is introduced into a passageway formed between an upper combustor and a lower combustor. A gas stream is moved upwardly through the passageway such that the fine particles are entrained in the gaseous stream and carried into the upper combustor.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustor having a velocity control zone for developing optimum aerothermodynamic conditions for improved combustion, fluidized bed operation, and heat transfer capabilities.

Abstract: A method for combusting slagging coal in a furnace comprising a firebox and at least one injection nozzle having a bore for a primary airstream and an annular passage for a secondary airstream, the nozzle communicating with the firebox, which method comprises (a) injecting a primary airstream containing a pulverized coal and injecting a secondary airstream through the injection nozzle into the flame zone of the furnace firebox, the combined primary and secondary airstream composing the total air for combustion and combusting the coal to yield a flame of combustion, and (b) injecting a sufficient amount of oxygen into the primary airstream such that an oxygen enriched primary airstream emanates from the injection nozzle and the oxygen concentration of the total air for combustion is about 22 to 27 volume percent, whereby the amount of slag deposition is reduced.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor and a method of operating same in which three discrete chambers are formed in a housing and a main fluidized bed containing particulate fuel and adsorbent material is established in a first chamber. The fluidizing air in the first chamber entrains a portion of the particulate material as it passes through the bed and the first chamber. A portion of the particulate material that is entrained by the air is separated and introduced to additional grid means disposed in a second chamber to establish a bed of the separated particulate material. Air and a cooling fluid are passed through the bed of separated particulate material for cooling same. The cooled separated particulate material is passed to a third chamber for storage and the latter is connected to the main fluidized bed for selectively reinjecting the cooled separated particulate material back to the main fluidized bed.