Abstract: A structure of the present invention is the structure which is formed of a base made of a metal and an inorganic material surface layer made of crystalline and amorphous inorganic materials, wherein thermal conductivity of the inorganic material surface layer is lower than the thermal conductivity of the base, infrared emissivity of the inorganic material surface layer is higher than the infrared emissivity of the base, and the base is an annular body.

Abstract: A burning equipment for improving burning efficiency with a simple structure. The burning equipment includes a burning chamber having a top plate section and a bottom plate section; a first burn-promoting plate extending downward from the top plate section until the lower end reaches a prescribed height from the bottom plate section, dividing the burning chamber into a primary burning chamber and a secondary burning chamber, and having a plurality of through-holes; and an air outlet being provided to the secondary burning chamber. The air outlet is provided to the top plate section. A second burn-promoting plate extends downward from the top plate section, in the secondary burning chamber, until the lower end reaches a prescribed height from the bottom plate section. It divides an opening of the air outlet and also has a plurality of through-holes.

Abstract: Recovery of air bag inflator metal cases. An inflator processing apparatus configured to process a gas-generating chemical-containing inflator for automobile air bags, by heating the inflator to a temperature not lower than an operating temperature of the chemical to facilitate recovery of the metal inflator case. In the apparatus, a protective metal partition wall is provided between an inner surface of a wall of an inflator-processing furnace and the chemical-containing inflator. This prevents damage to the refractory furnace wall, and also prevents melting of the metal inflator case, which could otherwise be occasioned by the chemical during thermal processing of the inflator containing the gas-generating chemical.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes radiation reflectors on the refractory wall of a fired furnace opposite the spaces between adjacent tubes. The radiation reflectors focus the reflected radiation from the flame onto the dark side of the tubes. The invention increases the overall heat transfer of the tube by increasing the heat flux rate for the backside of the tube, and also decreases the flux and temperature differentials between the front and rear sides of the tubes.

Abstract: The present invention is a furnace for burning pelletized or particulate fuel. The furnace has a split auger located within a serpentine fuel conduit which controllably feeds pelletized fuel into a contained burner, wherein the fuel is exposed to fire and a forced air plenum. The fuel is contained within the burner and exposed to high temperatures until the fuel is sufficiently burnt to pass through apertures in a perforated baffle. Further combustion is achieved by passing the heated combustible gases through multiple combustion chambers. A heat exchanger passes air by the multiple combustion chambers, thereby collecting the produced heat, and distributes the heated air into residential or commercial air circulation systems.

Abstract: Two types of boilers for generating high pressure steam from gaseous effluents containing abrasive and corrosive solids are provided. Both types of boilers are vertical boilers of the fire-tube type with the gas flowing within the boiler tubes and with the water and steam surrounding the boiler tubes.In one type of boiler according to this invention, the solids-containing gas is downfed through the boiler tubes with the gas emerging from the tubes and impinging on a concave, conical deflector and a convex nose cone located below the deflector. The deflector and nose cone serve to disengage solids from the gas.In the other type of boiler according to the invention, the solids-containing gas first impinges on a baffle plate which serves to disengage solids from the gas. The solids flow down for removal, while the gas flows up the boiler tubes to generate steam.

Abstract: Oscillation in a combustion chamber is avoided by providing in the combustion chamber an oscillatable wall which is oscillatable by oscillation occurring in the combustion chamber. The oscillatable wall may be a wall of low flexural rigidity or a flexurally rigid wall connected at its edges with a flexible coupling to adjacent rigid portions of the combustion chamber. Oscillation of the oscillatable wall is damped by being provided with a damping layer or by being connected to a mechanical or hydraulic damper.

Abstract: A fuel, such as coal, is prepared by mixing with a petroleum product and possibly other materials to form a grease-like substance. In a motionless mixer the grease-like substance is combined with air to form a foam-like dispersion of fuel and air. Such foam-like dispersion is delivered substantially continuously to a combustion chamber for combustion thereat. The combustion chamber is relatively closed and has means cooperative with the foam-like dispersion and the pressure of expanding gases of the combustion process to impede flow of the foam-like dispersion therein; consequently the foam-like dispersion is maintained at a pressure head to maintain the air dispersion therein. The speed and heat of combustion may be controlled by controlling flow rate or pressure of the foam-like dispersion. Means are provided for reducing pollutants and for efficiently transferring heat out from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for enhancing the heat transfer efficiency and lowering the temperature of tube walls used in a tubular gas to gas heat exchanger. The heat exchanger utilizes essentially flat sided tubes for the transfer of heat from hot gas flowing over the tubes to a cooler gas flowing therethrough. The apparatus of the invention includes a metallic heat shield inserted into the tubes between sides thereof to intercept radiation from the outer walls of said tubes and transfer it to the cooler gas flowing therethrough.

Abstract: A flue baffle may be removed from the narrow end of a frusto-conical flue. The baffle has a plurality of hinged plates secured to a tube, and slots in the tube beneath each plate. A slidable rod extends through the tube and has a plurality of pins which extend through the slots and contact the plates. When the rod slides down, the pins also descend, and the plates collapse. When the rod is lifted upwardly, the pins push the plates apart. A dowel may be secured to the tube to communicate with the rod to secure the rod in relation to the tube and spread the plates at a pre-determined point. The width of the plates is smaller than the narrow end of the flue so that the baffle may be removed when the plates are collapsed. The plates may be skewed on the tube so that all of the gases and heat which rise through the flue are diverted toward the flue wall by at least one of the plates without excessively obstructing the flow of gases out of the flue.

Abstract: A stove or furnace for combusting and extracting heat from wood and wood-type fuels includes a firebox arrangement for primary combustion and a flue structure coupled to the firebox which includes a plurality of flue gas decelerating chambers for slowing propagation of flue gas, heat exchange to the environment, and further combustion of fuel constituents in the flue gas. The chambers are coupled in series through restricting and accelerating passageways for maintaining draft between chambers, finally leading to an outlet chimney. The chambers are formed with baffles for greater turbulant mixing, combustion, and heat exchange. Furthermore, a tubular conduit may be provided extending from the firebox through the flue structure chambers. The tubular conduit is formed with orifices for injecting burning flue gas from the firebox primary combustion directly into the series coupled chambers to enhance secondary burning.

Abstract: A flue heat exchanger particularly adapted for use in a water heater tank comprising a plurality of segments of a metallic or non-metallic non-friable refractory material randomly packed within a flue. Rounded metallic sections of steel pipe or copper tubing having a length not less than one-half and not more than twice the diameter of said pipe or tubing are preferred.

Abstract: The specification discloses a novel energy saving forced-air furnace. In contrast to previous forced-air furnaces, which ran only on gas or oil and in which approximately half of the energy derived from the burning fuel was lost through the chimney, the furnace of the present invention can run on coal, wood, gas or oil and retains a substantial portion of the heat which normally would be lost by the utilization of special tubing units and refractory plates. My furnace saves the greatest amount of energy possible by providing a heat chamber having a special tubing unit therein from the surface area of which heat generated in a stove chamber is transferred to a heat chamber and simultaneously through which exhaust gases air conducted from the stove chamber mounted below the heat chamber to the exterior of the furnace. Refractory plates are placed in a serial arrangement within the furnace heat chamber with spaces provided between them.

Abstract: A fire tube for a heating boiler comprising two metal tube halves each having a base portion and two leg portions projecting at an angle from the base portion, the tube halves being disposed relative to one another such that the terminating ends of the leg portions abut one another and are joined by welding. A plurality of substantially U-shaped elements extend longitudinally within the fire tube, each of the U-shaped elements having a base section and projecting leg sections, the base sections being welded to the base portion of one of the tube halves, the leg sections being parallel to one another and extending substantially across the width of the fire tube.

Abstract: A gas-fired boiler installation provided with a combustion space being upwardly in communication with a flue and at the bottom being confined by a burner bed. Between the combustion space and the flue there is disposed a draft interrupter, to which at the top in the central zone thereof the flue is connected and wherein there is present a pair of baffle grates which each extend obliquely upwardly towards and to adjacent the top end of one of two oppositely disposed sides of the draft interrupter, and having grate bars extending substantially parallel to said sides and, seen in cross section, extend upwardly towards the central zone of the draft interrupter.

Abstract: A recuperator for recovering heat from hot exhaust gases flowing through a flue comprises inner and outer cylindrical walls coaxially surrounding a portion of the flue to which a plurality of fins are fixed, the fins extending longitudinally of the flue and being grouped such that fins spaced circumferentially around one section of the flue are angularly staggered with respect to fins spaced circumferentially around an adjacent section of the flue, the recuperator being arranged such that cold gas can be passed into, and is preheated as it flows along, an outer annular space between the said walls, the gas passing into an inner annular space containing the fins which cause turbulence and increase the heat-transfer by convection and radiation to the gas, and the heated gas being emitted through an outlet.

Abstract: A boiler comprises a water-carrying housing of sheet steel and a thin-walled cast iron casing arranged within the housing and having regions connected by condensate which are not machined. The casing includes a plurality of radial webs cast on the casing and supporting a sleeve defining a combustion chamber for the combustion of fuel. A guide chamber and a collecting chamber are defined by the casing adjacent opposite ends of the sleeve, the guide chamber being arranged to receive the combustion gases from the combustion chamber and the webs defining therebetween flow ducts connecting the guide and collecting chambers for conducting the combustion gases to the collecting chamber. The casing extends beyond the two end walls of the housing and the end walls form a liquid-tight connection with the casing. The webs extend into the guide and collecting chambers, the height of the web portions in the guide and collecting chambers not exceeding that of the web portions supporting the sleeve.

Abstract: A boiler having a hot gas generator for burning liquid or gaseous fuels. The hot gas generator comprises a combustion chamber unit, into the combustion chamber of which the fuel and air for combustion are introduced and in which the combustion of the fuel takes place. The combustion gases are conveyed out of the combustion chamber into a water cooled boiler firebox. A compressor supplies the air for combustion into the combustion chamber unit. A flue gas conduit, which leads to the flue gas vent of the boiler, at its inlet end, which is connected with the boiler firebox, is connected with the air intake of the compressor of the hot gas generator for recirculating a regulatable amount of flue gases into the combustion chamber unit of the hot gas generator. The flue gas conduit offers a resistance to the flow of flue gas therein, which resistance is greater than the chimney draft force present in the flue gas vent of the boiler.

Abstract: The invention relates to a recuperator having an improved core within the primary heat transfer surface. This core, by its unique construction, achieves a combination of reradiative and convective heat transfer which outperforms either of these separate modes while maintaining a low pressure loss. The core consists of a series of radial plates between which are a series of triangular baffles arranged at an angle with the horizontal of 45.degree. to 70.degree.. The baffles intercept the flow of flue gas and gently channel the flow of gas into a swirling pattern, thereby enhancing convective heat transfer while maintaining low pressure loss. The staggered triangular baffles also tend to reflect radiation that would otherwise be lost back to the primary heat transfer surface.