Abstract: A catamaran suspension system is mounted between the deck (16) and hulls (11) of a catamaran (10). The suspension system has a pair of tracks (31), (32) mounted to the deck on which carriages (33) having a shock absorber (38) are movably mounted. A pivotable arm (44) is mounted between each carriage and a hull of the catamaran with a strut (50) pivotably mounted between the arm and deck. The suspension system dampens the forces exerted on the hull through the movement of the carriages to minimize deck movement.

Abstract: The floatation apparatus for use with a standard bicycle a hull of catamaran or pontoon with a tubular structure to support a standard bicycle. The front wheel of the bicycle will be removed and the front fork will be attached to a support that is connected to a rudder in order to provide a steering mechanism. The rear wheel of the bicycle will rest on a rotating drum that will provide power to a drive propeller. The bike will be kept in an upright position by a support yoke which will allow the rear wheel of the bicycle to rotate. The hull or hulls of the apparatus will be of sufficient length and width to provide complete stability for the apparatus.

Abstract: A pontoon boat comprising elongated flotation units of generally circular cross-section positioned in spaced-apart parallel relationship with each of the flotation units having planing fins extending longitudinally of the inboard and outboard sides of the flotation units near the bottom thereof to cause the pontoon boat to readily hydroplane. A wedge-shaped fin is provided on the underside of the outboard planing fins near the bow section to provide additional lift when turning at high speeds to improve control and stability on turns.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improved multihull vessel for enhanced seakeeping and reduced hydrodynamic fluid resistance and a method for minimizing the wavemaking resistance of multihull vessels. Lower wavemaking resistance is realized while maintaining the advantageous seakeeping characteristics of small waterplane area multihull vessels. By the proper arrangement of slender, tapered hull elements, the present invention produces favorable wave interference effects and smaller surface wave disturbances resulting in lower wavemaking resistance. A tapered hull design provides a small waterplane area for enhanced seakeeping while producing smaller surface wave disturbances and reduced hull interaction resistance due to the lack of surface discontinuities. In addition, proper arrangement of hull elements provides favorable wave interference.

Abstract: A boat or vessel particularly designed and adapted for treating bodies of water such as lakes to correct chemical, biological or other imbalances in the aquatic envoronment by accurately dispensing a treatment agent into the water in an amount based upon the volume of water being passed over and continuously determined by detection means for the speed of the boat or vessel carrying the dispensing means and the depth of the water being passed over. The boat includes a main or central hull supported or floated by the water and also stabilized by lateral inwardly and outwardly adjustable pontoons when loaded. The boat includes sparging, or mixing, and above or below water dispensing means to dispense the treatment agent. The pontoons may include tank means particularly in the upper portions and are adjustable inwardly and outwardly as well as fore and aft to both stabilize and trim the vessel.

Abstract: A wing type sailing yacht is constructed to incorporate the airfoil principle. Such a yacht has a boat hull, a mast, and a sail, including a bow with a bow keel and a stern with a stern keel. Each keel has a buoyancy control fin (9, 10) at its lower end. An outrigger arm (6, 6') is attached laterally to each side of the hull. The end of each outrigger arm carries a downwardly projecting fin strut which in turn carries a further buoyancy control fin (8, 8'). The buoyancy control fins (9, 10, 8, 8') form a four-point wing or airfoil type system for producing lift or buoyancy and for maneuverability and stability. The outrigger arms (6, 6') are built as narrow surface wing type carriers having a negative sweepback. The arms have a predetermined elasticity. A pontoon (12, 12') is attached to the end of each outrigger arm. The fin struts act as lateral control fins or steering wings (11, 11').

Abstract: A portable personal floatation device for water sports such as fishing and the like is constructed of a light material such as styrofoam and has a main cross panel with an opening for a user to fit through so the floatation device surrounds the user. The device is designed to be easily accessible for the user, with a door provided on a side panel. The central opening in the main panel of the device accommodates the occupant to carry the device and wade into the water, and as the device begins to float, the occupant may sit on the main panel of the device.

Abstract: An improved version of the Float Connection Assemblies as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,937,166, for the retraction of a trimaran's stabilizing floats to be alongside the trimaran center hull for trailering or Marina docking. The improvement consists of a variable length Upper Pivoting Guide Frame, that when varied in length will allow a trimaran float being retracted by the Float Connection Assemblies to assume a different, higher and more favorable position, to prevent marine growth on the floats' sides, particularly the topsides above the normal waterline when retracted.This allows a trimaran incorporating this improved Float Connection Assembly to be easily converted from a trailerable configuration, to a more suitable Marina docking configuration, without the problem of underwater growth on the retracted float's side.

Abstract: A main body member is supported by transverse supports on a pair of pontoons. The main body member supports an operator's seat, a cargo rack, a pedal drive propeller assembly, and a rudder. The main body member has longitudinal slots in its surfaces that are associated with longitudinal interior sockets for adjustable engagement with the seat, the cargo rack, a support extension for the pedal drive propeller assembly, and the transverse supports. By means of such adjustable engagement, attachable portions are capable of longitudinal adjustment for establishing the desired trim of the cycle on the water with the operator or operators supported on the seat. Also, the support extension for the pedal drive propeller assembly is capable of longitudinal adjustment to accommodate the stature of the operator or operators after the plane of buoyancy has been established. Furthermore, seat and propeller assemblies for one or two persons are capable of being substituted one for the other.

Abstract: A boat comprising a tube-like hull (1), a hydrofoil (2) fixed to its front portion, a pair of wings (4) hinged to each side of its rear portion, a fin (20) fixed to its rear bottom portion, an out-board-type motor (9) provided in its center of gravity, and a steering lever (14) that can be rotated and also tilted. Rotation of the lever (14) causing rotation of the motor (9) and steering the boat. Tilting the lever causing lifting or lowering the wings (4). Each wing (4) has a float (5) fixed to its end. When the boat stops and at low speed the floats are in the water. When the boat at high speed an operator gives lift to the floats out of the water. At highest speed an operator puts the wings in parallel with the water surface and a ground effect is used. Central location of the motor contributes the boat to go into hydroplaning at low speed and gives lift to the rear portion of the boat using water pressure created by a propeller. The most controlable boating and efficient usage of motor power are provided.

Abstract: A boat hull is designed with air passageway slots positioned at the stern of the craft. If the bow begins to rise thereby presenting the danger of the craft flipping, the air pressure, at a given point, is allowed to escape through the air passageways. Once the air begins to escape through the air passageways, the forces tending to flip the craft diminish and the bow of the boat lowers to the water.

Abstract: A portable personal floatation device for water sports such as fishing and the like is constructed of a light material such as styrofoam and has a horizontal main panel with an opening for a user to fit through so the floatation device surrounds the user. The device is designed to be easily accessible for the user, with a door provided on a side panel. The central opening in the main panel of the device accommodates the occupant to carry the device and wade into the water, and as the device begins to float, the occupant may sit on the main panel of the device.

Abstract: A motor-boat hull (10) includes a planing bottom (C) having a V-shaped forward portion, two float-like side portions (14) connected forwardly to the V-shaped portion (12), and a flat recessed aft portion (16) delimited by the side portions (14) and forwardly by a transverse step (18) connecting it with the V-shaped forward portion (12) of the bottom (C).

Abstract: An out-rigger assembly for releasable attachment to a conventional sail-board is provided to make it easier for users to keep their balance while learning to master the art of sail-boarding, also known as wind-surfing. The assembly comprises an essentially planar central deck or platform which is releasbly secured to the top surface of a sail-board usefully by straps which pass around the sail-board. Elongated members extend transversely outwardly from the central dark and at their ends are releasably connected to pontoons or out-riggers.

Abstract: A hard shell shaped to intimately cover the bottom of an inflatable raft. The shell is made of various contoured staves or segments joined together. Straps are used to attach the shell to the raft, bow and transom. A combination transom and mounting frame is used in the raft which do not include a built-in transom. The shell not only protects the raft against abrasion and puncture, but also reduces its drag coefficient, contributes to it stability and enhances its directional control.

Abstract: An aero marine vehicle having a fuselage having front wings extending from its respective left and right sides. Engines are mounted in these wings and their drive propellers are supported adjacent the rear edge of these wings. A pair of laterally spaced hull members are supported beneath the respective right and left wings. A plenum chamber is formed in each of the hull members with the bottom wall of the hull members forming the bottom wall of the plenum chambers. Exhaust lines are connected between the engines and the respective plenum chambers. The bottom wall of the hull members has a plurality of exhaust ports formed therein which allow the escaping exhaust gases to form a boundary layer of air between the bottom wall of the hull members and the water they are floating upon to overcome the suck-down effect of the water upon the hull member. The majority portion of the interior of the hull members form a buoyancy chamber.

Abstract: A boat of the catamaran type, which is mechanically propelled, preferably by means of an outboard motor comprises two floasts, which are advantageously identical, coplanar and parallel, and a seat of the motor which are maintained rigidly together.Two transverse bars are disposed, perpendicularly to the axis of the floats, and central longitudinal member extending longitudinally between the two floats to connect the two transverse bars, at their center. Two lateral bows are fast with the seat and extend on either side thereof, up to the front transverse bar lower and upper fairings completing the boat by constituting a place to sit and for control.

Abstract: A sailboat, adaptable to use in water, on land and on ice or snow, having a longitudinal beam support extending outwardly in front of the bow and engageable with the bow of the hull structure. The hull structure also having a mounted airfoil support member extending transversely across the aft portion of the sailboat. The longitudinal beam support and the airfoil support member being adaptable to a skate element mounted on the outer reaches of the support members and/or to the mounting thereon of wheel elements that provides the vessel with a means of locomotion. The support members being braced or tensioned at the outer reaches thereof by guy wires extending therebetween to orient and align the support members and brace same in relation to the hull structure of the sailboat. The hull structure also has a keel housing member integral therewith, a centerboard keel member being slidably disposed within the keel housing member.

Abstract: A system for detachably connecting a wing to a pair of spaced hollow hulls to complete a deck assembly for a boat, such as a catamaran. Each hull has an upwardly extending, open ended hatch cone which communicates with the hull interior. The hatch cones are received through respective hatch openings formed at opposite sides of the wing for aligning the wing with the hulls. Each hull has a plurality of holes formed therethrough which are aligned with a corresponding plurality of receptacles located in the bottom of the wing. Fasteners are removably inserted through respective holes in the hull for receipt by the receptacles of the wing, whereby the wing is detachably connected to the hulls. The fasteners are located through the holes and into the receptacles from the interior of the hollow hulls and by way of the open ended hatch cones which communicate therewith.

Abstract: An amphibious boat hull is disclosed having at least three co-extensive, longitudinally disposed hull sections in which at least two sections, in a projected condition, have sufficient buoyancy to support the overall boat independently of the third hull section when the boat is moored or underway.

Abstract: A catamaran and related hull configuration. The hull of the current invention has two generally curved indentations which run most of the length of the hull. Running down the center of the underside of the hull, and separating the two indentations, is a slightly elongated keel section. While the hull is moving through the water the indentations act as hydrofoils, lifting the hull out of the water and reducing the water resistance. At the same time the elongated keel provides stability. The hull may be incorporated into a catamaran which easily collapses for storage and transportation, or for use as a fishing boat.

Abstract: A ship hull construction comprises an upper main hull having a keel and three submerged substantially cylindrical sub-hulls, one sub-hull being located directly beneath the keel of the main hull, the other two sub-hulls being located above and to opposite sides of said one sub-hull, each sub-hull being mounted to the underside of said main hull and imparting buoyancy thereto, whereby the sub-hulls produce an advantageous hydraulic lift that softens entry of the main hull and dampen pitch, roll and yaw.

Abstract: A catamaran vessel comprises a pair of spaced, parallel elongated pontoons with a strut extending upwardly from each of the pontoons and a superstructure supported on the struts for riding above the waterline. Each pontoon has a sharp chine at its inner and outer edges and is of varying cross-sectional width along at least part of its height, with the widest point in the cross-section being situated below the upper surface of the pontoon. The lower surface of each pontoon comprises a planing surface on which the vessel planes at speed.

Abstract: A circular boat comprising a pair of generally dish-shaped members connected together in opposed relationship. A cockpit region is provided abeam of the boat and an outboard motor is operationally but fixedly mounted in a motor well behind the cockpit region and within the perimeter of the boat. A pair of flat skis is rigidly mounted to the bottom of the boat hull. The hull bottom is also provided with a planar section which defines a forward planing surface substantially coplanar with the skis. When sufficient forward speed is reached, the boat rises and planes on the skis. Steering is achieved by shifting of weight by the boat operator over one or the other of the skis, the boat being rudderless. The boat is also equipped with fins projecting laterally from the hull bottom whereby the operator may step onto the hull deck while the boat is underway to dip a fin into the water and thereby cause the boat to make a turn.

Abstract: A ground effect vehicle consists of a central, wing-like support body (1), floats (5) and/or undercarriage units located on both sides of the support body, a thrust generator (11) located in front of the support body, a control surface (14, 16) and a cabin (17), located on top of the support body for at least one person and, if required, for payloads. In order to increase the ground effect and to realize the ground effect even at low speeds, a nose (6) extending far forwards is provided in front of the support body (1), which nose forms an airflow duct (7) directed under the support body, the thrust generator (11) being located under the front region of the nose (6) in or immediately in front of the airflow duct (7).

Abstract: In a sailboat having at least two hulls which are rigidly connected in parallel spaced arrangement by a platform, the hulls are provided at least at the bow with a bulge-shaped or drop-shaped design which runs into a wedge or blade shape astern. The lateral plan formed by the area of the longitudinal section of the hulls below the immersion level is such that the lateral point of gravity is shifted astern. For this purpose, the mast fixture is disposed in the rear half of the boat and, finally, the operating position is formed between the outer hulls and provided of the mast fixture.

Abstract: A sailing craft has a middle float and two lateral pivotable floats joined to it via struts and their joints. The two lateral floats each have two surface regions that can be brought into contact with the surface of the water. One surface region is embodied as a skimming surface and the other surface region is embodied as the outer surface of a displacement float. In a first pivoted position, the surface region forming the outer surface of the displacement float becomes operative at the surface of the water. In the second pivoted position, the surface region acting as the skimming surface becomes operative at the surface of the water.

Abstract: A transient air and surface contact vehicle for transporting a person has a fuselage structure for carrying a person. A vehicle support extends from the structure and abuts a surface and thereby supports the vehicle at a predetermined distance above the surface. A buoyancy control device mounted on the structure and on the vehicle support provides for the buoyancy required to keep the vehicle afloat while stationary and at low speeds. At high speed the dynamic pressures generated at the bottom of the struts provide the supporting forces. A power source is mounted on the structure for moving the vehicle along the surface at the predetermined distance above the surface. A position control mounted on the structure produces a positive pitching moment to cause the vehicle to become airborne, a negative pitching moment to maintain the vehicle in surface-following contact with the surface and both moments to control the altitude of the vehicle when it is airborne.

Abstract: A highly maneuverable amphibious craft useful for transportation over rotten ice, slush, snow, swamps, mud, short spans of lowland, rough seas, ships wakes, growlers and the like.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a vessel that is form stabilized. The stability is achieved by the particular shape or orientation of the struts or both. In one embodiment the dihedral struts have a cambered cross-section area. In another embodiment the cross-section area of the struts are symetrical and the struts are mounted in a toe out position.

Abstract: Adjustable clamp-on canoe pontoon with outrigger arms, adjustable in height for various depth canoes, having a two-piece clamping device for mounting to the top surface of the "T"-shaped gunwales of various canoes.

Abstract: A multi-hull sailboat in which the hulls each have the bow portion and the fore of the mid-hull relatively shallow and of relatively wide cross-section while the stern and the aft of the mid-hull portion have relatively deep draft and narrow cross-section such that the latter functions as a keel and the hull is streamlined with the rudder being a projection of the stern portion of the hull.

Abstract: A conventional bicycle has its frame rigidly supported by a base framework held by adjustable length outrigger arms, whose outer ends are connected with bearings mounted on two spaced floats. The rear bicycle traction wheel frictionally engages and drives a propulsion wheel connected through gearing with a propeller. A tubular arm pivoted at its forward end to the base framework extends rearwardly beneath the bicycle traction wheel and supports the propulsion wheel, gearing and propeller. A pivoted rudder on the rear end of tubular arm is operated by cables extending through such arm and leading to the axle of the front steering wheel of the bicycle. The device possesses windsurfing and rowing capabilities.

Abstract: A screw-propelled, water saddle for ride on a water surface. This water saddle is supported by two parallel floats, properly spaced apart and joined by at least one emerging cross-member. A central bar or tubing is fixed parallel to the floats at the middle of the cross-members. The saddle is mounted on the rear part of the central bar approximately at the center of the area defined by the floats while the front end of the same receives a removable propelling and steering device comprising a screw-propeller driven by a pair of pedals and a handle-bar for steering the propeller in a given direction. The rider takes place on the saddle, puts his feet on the pedals and activates the handle-bar to place the propeller in the desired direction. This screw-propelled water saddle is particularly interesting because of its simplicity, lightness, stability, speed and manageability.

Abstract: A windsurfing board with a hull, a mast and a wishbone or other spar for winging out the sail has side fin plates with lower stabilizing faces and an adjustment system for steplessly changing the level of such fin plates, or only producing two positions of adjustment so that such fin plates are under or clear of the water. The lower position under the water is designed for producing better planing properties of the windsurfer while the top position is used for sailing under only a light wind.

Abstract: A V-shaped bottom for speedy motorboats of the type provided with planing supporting skids, wherein said skids have the supporting planing surface thereof rising from the bow towards the stern and gradually projecting from the section of said bottom, each supporting surface having a triangular conformation and each being provided with side walls forming the attachment elements for said skid to said bottom, the height of said walls gradually increasing from the bow towards the stern.

Abstract: An improved utility class hydrofoil boat having an integrated hydrofoil suspension and steering system wherein pairs of foils may be inclined at various angles, to the lateral axis of the boat, converting from surface piercing to submerged type foils when operated in concert and, in combination with the production of a yawing force about the vertical axis, may be used to produce coordinated turns by introducing a differential in the angle of inclination between starboard and port foils or by introducing a differential in the sweepback angle between starboard and port foils. In the preferred embodiment, a symmetrical, submerged tail foil having a positive dihedral is rotated to produce a yawing moment in proportion to the bank produced by manipulation of the pairs of foils, resulting in coordinated, banked turns with a single control movement.

Abstract: A waterbike characterized by front-end steering and horizontal stabilizing floatation members, these features providing increased maneuverability at high speeds and stability at low speeds or in a stationary position.

Abstract: A ski/float landing gear is flexibly constructed of a resin reinforced with fiber. The ski/float has a pneumatically inflatable upper member, which is molded to fall to a flat shape when deflated. Engine exhaust gases are used to inflate and deflate the float. Air discharged from the lower side of the ski portion provides a boundary layer effect. The use of engine exhaust gases gives the ski element a rapid thaw capability in freezing weather.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semi-submerged ship comprising at least two lower hulls always located below the surface of water and arranged substantially in parallel to each other with respect to the direction of advance, struts mounted substantially vertically on the upper portion of each of all or at least two of the lower hulls along almost the entire length thereof and an upper hull supported by these struts and always located above the surface of water. In this semi-submerged ship, at least one opening is formed on each strut wherein the height of the opening is less than the height of the strut and a water-tight seal is formed between this opening and the interior of the strut. This ship is arranged so that the draft line of the ship is located on the openings of the struts while the ship is stopped. This semi-submerged ship is effectively used as a passenger ship, a cargo ship, a floating factory ship or the like and is especially suitable for stevedoring while stopping the ship in the wavy sea.

Abstract: A minimum drag fluid reaction element including a rotatable shaft adapted to be supported by a vessel carried upon or within a fluid medium; and a rigid fluid reaction fin fixedly attached to the shaft for extension into the fluid medium, the shaft and the fin extending in opposite directions from a common intersection and forming an angle other than a right angle therebetween; the axis of rotation of the shaft lying in a plane generally normal to the fin whereby rotation of the shaft moves the fin through a path describing a right conical section. The angle between the fin and the shaft is preferably obtuse and the plane containing the axis of rotation of the shaft peripherally bisects the fin.

Abstract: The boat or craft disclosed includes two spaced parallel hulls that are connected together by a platform extending between the hulls. The platform and the two hulls form the top and sides of an air space beneath the boat with the hulls supporting the platform above the water. Curtains of flexible material are spaced longitudinally in the air space and extend downwardly from the platform and transversely between the hulls to close the forward and rearward ends of the air space, whereby the pressure in the air space can be maintained above ambient to provide an air cushion to support a portion of the gross weight of the boat. The hulls are designed to provide a buoyant force due to displacement that will support 100% of the design gross weight of the boat when there is no pressure in the air space and the boat is not moving or is moving at a relatively slow speed through the water.

Abstract: A high performance marine vehicle capable of attaining record-breaking velocities is disclosed herein having an elongated hull supporting aft mounted and outwardly extending wing members from which side ski-floats downwardly depend. A frontal ski-float is carried at the bow of the vehicle hull. All three of the ski-floats incorporate an almost triangular aft platform on which the vehicle is supported in a high speed planing mode of operation. Horizontal chine strips are affixed from bow to stern along the opposite sides of the hull. Horizontal chine strips are also affixed to the aft portion of the three-ski-floats. Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic steering and stability are employed by the vehicle as well as a rocket propulsion system. The mass of the vehicle is distributed so that the center of gravity is well forward of the vehicle's center of lift to assure longitudinal stability and prevent a pitching divergence.

Abstract: A hydro-ski craft in which load alleviation is attained by reducing the effective wetted area of the planing surfaces at high speeds, and in which elongated flaps extending longitudinally of the craft are mounted to swing about longitudinal axes between generally horizontal planing positions and upwardly swung retracted positions. Spray control dams may be carried by the flaps to themselves automatically swing between inactive and active positions in response to upward swinging movement of the flaps.

Abstract: A pair of lifting planes are secured to the hull of a boat on opposite sides of the keel. The lifting planes intersect the bottom surfaces of the hull at lines oriented generally along side the keel. The lifting planes have swept back leading edges and a span generally reaching to the chines. The outboard portions of said lifting planes are located at or adjacent to the longitudinal location of the center of gravity of the boat. The longitudinal location of the lifting planes is such that the resulting lifting force generated by the lifting planes at planing speeds acts adjacent to the center of gravity of the boat.

Abstract: A construction and launch barge having a shallow draft hull with a construction deck supporting at its center a floatable offshore structure both during construction thereof and during the towing of the barge to the site where the offshore structure is to be installed. In order to maintain stability, a plurality of hollow column stabilizers are provided on the barge; these may be, e.g., four, one adjacent to each corner of the barge and extending up high thereabove. A ballast compartment helps determine the desired waterline of the vessel, a mechanism being provided to displace the water therein by air or to displace the air by water. The column stabilizers are sufficiently high and occupy sufficient area for assuring the proper location of the metacenter of the fully loaded barge.

Abstract: The watercraft has a hull with an upwardly curved (concave) bottom and side keels extending downwardly for the full longitudinal length of the watercraft spaced laterally from each other and on opposite sides of the watercraft. Forward and rearward hydrofoils are arranged on either side of the hull and project from the keels for swivelling about generally vertical axes angled downwardly and outwardly. The hydrofoils on one side are adjustable independently of the hydrofoils on the other side for adjusting the angle of attack of the hydrofoil lifting surfaces that are curved outwardly to be generally horizontal. Fixed hydrofoils between and respectively longitudinally aligned with the adjustable hydrofoils are attached to the hull. Propellers that swivel about axes extending downwardly and outwardly at approximately 15.degree. to the vertical are respectively mounted for swivelling movement along with attached rudders for steering.

Abstract: A ski-type water borne craft adapted to plane along the surface of a body of water and having two stabilizing elements spaced laterally apart and mounted for upward and downward movement relative to one another in a relationship providing roll forces and giving lateral stability to the craft, with the stabilizing elements preferably being a pair of swinging flaps hinged to the after ends of two vertically shiftable hydroskis.

Abstract: A hydro-ski craft in which load alleviation is attained by reducing the effective wetted area of the planing surfaces at high speeds, and in which elongated flaps extending longitudinally of the craft are mounted to swing about longitudinal axes between generally horizontal planing positions and upwardly swung retracted positions. Spray control dams may be carried by the flaps to themselves automatically swing between inactive and active positions in response to upward swinging movement of the flaps.

Abstract: A catamaran vessel comprises a pair of spaced, parallel elongated pontoons with a strut extending upwardly from each of the pontoons and a superstructure supported on the struts for riding above the waterline. Each pontoon has a sharp chine at its inner and outer edges and is of varying cross-sectional width along at least part of its height, with the widest point in the cross-section being situated below the upper surface of the pontoon. The lower surface of each pontoon comprises a planing surface on which the vessel planes at speed.