Macromolecular Compound Containing (i.e., More Than About 100 Atoms) {c30b 29/58} Patents (Class 117/927)
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Patent number: 8945303Abstract: The subject is providing a crystallizing device of a biopolymer, which made to form biopolymer crystal efficiently in crystallization solution of a small amount of biopolymers by applying a low voltage and not to make an electrode disturb but observable a state of crystal formation. As an electrode for applying an electric field to a biopolymer solution, a transparent conductor, which does not disturb crystal formation, is used. Between the transparent conductor electrodes 2s, the electric insulating member 4 is placed and the crystallization solution 1 for a small amount of biopolymers is maintained inter-electrode. A biopolymer is efficiently crystallized by applying a low voltage supplied from the voltage generator 5 to the transparent conductor electrode 2. A crystal formation state of a biopolymer is optically observable from the electrode side of a transparent conductor. Orientation control of the biopolymer can be performed by an electric field formed by the above-mentioned voltage application.Type: GrantFiled: February 18, 2010Date of Patent: February 3, 2015Assignee: Institute of National Colleges of Technology, JapanInventors: Takashi Wakamatsu, Yuki Ohnishi
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Patent number: 8876972Abstract: A crystallization device is for protein crystallization with a small amount of a sample in the liquid to liquid diffusion method. It is easy to fill the device with protein solution and precipitant solution and easy to pick up grown crystals from the device. The device comprises a channel plate made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the first and second cover sheets made of polyethylene terephthalate. The channel plate includes at least one elongated channel having one side which extends in the longitudinal direction of the channel, the one side being exposed at the bottom surface of the channel plate. The channel has both ends which communicate with a protein solution inlet and a precipitant solution inlet respectively. The channel also communicates midway with a gel inlet and a vent hole. When picking up grown crystals from the device, the second cover sheet is cut off with a cutter knife so that the channel is exposed.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 2007Date of Patent: November 4, 2014Assignees: Rigaku Corporation, Japan Aerospace Exploration AgencyInventors: Tomokazu Hasegawa, Kensaku Hamada, Masaru Sato, Moritoshi Motohara
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Patent number: 8016940Abstract: The short-pulse laser light 9 emitted from the short-pulse laser light source 1 is focused on and caused to irradiate an organic crystal 8 contained in a sample container 6 via a shutter 2, intensity adjusting element 3, irradiation position control mechanism 4, and focusing optical system 5. The sample container 6 is carried on a stage 7, and can be moved in three dimensions along the x axis, y axis and z axis in an x-y-z orthogonal coordinate system with the direction of the optical axis being taken as the z axis; furthermore, the sample container 6 can be rotated about the z axis. Working of the organic crystal 8 is performed by means of short-pulse laser light that is focused on and caused to irradiate the surface of the organic crystal 8. Prior to working, nitrogen is caused to jet onto the sample container 6 by a low-temperature gas jet device C that is a cooling device; consequently, the organic crystal 8 is cooled to ?150° C. or below.Type: GrantFiled: March 30, 2005Date of Patent: September 13, 2011Assignees: Nikon CorporationInventors: Hiroaki Adachi, Hiroshi Kitano
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Patent number: 7713351Abstract: The objective of the invention is a crystallizing method for macromolecules, especially proteins and polypeptides, in which selected polysaccharides of biological origin, such as alginate, pectin, dextrin or chitosan and hydrolysates thereof, are used as reagents. Sedimentation of the crystals can be prevented and thus the uniformity of the product contributed with the method. The method can be used to prepare new crystal forms of the polypeptide and to improve the stability of crystals.Type: GrantFiled: January 11, 2005Date of Patent: May 11, 2010Assignee: Macrocrystal OyInventors: Kalevi Visuri, Sinikka Uotila, Katja Palmunen
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Patent number: 7569391Abstract: The present application relates to methods for growing crystals of both the uncomplexed and complexed forms of ?-secretase (BACE) polypeptide. The present application also relates to crystalline forms of uncomplexed BACE and the three-dimensional structure of BACE, as determined from the crystals. In addition, the present application relates to the use of crystalline forms of BACE to identify ligands, preferably inhibitors (antagonists), which bind to, and preferably inhibit the enzymatic activity of, BACE. Furthermore, the present application relates to nucleic acid sequences encoding human BACE polypeptide, and methods for making BACE in greater quantity than prior methods, resulting in more effective crystallization.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 2006Date of Patent: August 4, 2009Assignee: Schering CorporationInventors: Brian M. Beyer, Bruce A. Malcolm, Corey O. Strickland, Wenyan Wang, Eileen Wilson
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Patent number: 7470324Abstract: A method for the crystallization of macromolecules in a three-phase system using a vessel containing a lower aqueous phase, a middle phase and an upper hydrophobic phase having a lower density than that of the lower aqueous phase, wherein an aqueous solution of the macromolecules is added to the middle phase to form a fourth phase, followed by incubation.Type: GrantFiled: July 29, 2003Date of Patent: December 30, 2008Inventor: Kurt Hoffmann
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Patent number: 7368012Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system are described to generate a single-crystal film formed of an organic material in a microstructure chamber having a growth zone with defined dimensions. A flow of at least one of a 1) saturated solution of organic crystalline molecules or 2) molten organic crystalline molecules may be controlled to the growth zone to achieve a balance between crystal-film growth and the flow of the at least one of 1) additional saturated solution of organic crystalline molecules or 2) additional molten organic crystalline molecules into the growth zone.Type: GrantFiled: October 27, 2004Date of Patent: May 6, 2008Assignee: Intel CorporationInventors: Achintya K. Bhowmik, Shida Tan
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Patent number: 7314516Abstract: A device and process for crystallizing a compound using hydrodynamic cavitation comprising the steps of mixing at least one stream of a feed solution of such compound to be crystallized with at least one stream of an anti-solvent in a nucleating section via collision of the feed solution and the anti-solvent, passing the mixed streams at an elevated pressure through at least one local constriction of flow to create hydrodynamic cavitation thereby causing nucleation and the production of seed crystals, passing the fluid stream containing the seed crystals through an intermediate section to a crystal growth section, passing the fluid stream containing the seed crystals through the crystal growth section at an elevated pressure through at least one local constriction of flow to create hydrodynamic cavitation thereby causing further crystallization of the compound contained in the solution.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 2004Date of Patent: January 1, 2008Assignees: Five Star Technologies, Inc., Illinois Institute of TechnologyInventors: Oleg V. Kozyuk, Allan S. Myerson, Roger Weinberg
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Patent number: 7291223Abstract: The present invention relates to layered organic structures in which anisotropic crystalline seed layers control crystalline structure of the subsequent epitaxial organic layers. The structure comprises in sequence a substrate, a globally ordered crystalline seed layer with intermolecular spacing of 3.4±0.3 ?, and at least one epitaxial layer of an organic compound. The seed layer is comprised of disc-shaped molecules of at least one polycyclic organic compound with conjugated ?-system. At least one layer of an organic compound is epitaxially deposited onto the seed layer. The present invention also provides a method for obtaining a layered organic structure. The method comprises forming of a globally ordered anisotropic crystalline seed layer on a substrate by means of the Cascade Crystallization Process. The seed layer has an intermolecular spacing of 3.4±0.3 ? and it is formed by rodlike supramolecules comprised of disc-shaped molecules of at least one polycyclic organic compound with conjugated ?-system.Type: GrantFiled: September 21, 2004Date of Patent: November 6, 2007Assignee: Nitto Denko CorporationInventor: Pavel I. Lazarev
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Patent number: 7279146Abstract: High throughput screening of crystallization of a target material is accomplished by simultaneously introducing a solution of the target material into a plurality of chambers of a microfabricated fluidic device. The microfabricated fluidic device is then manipulated to vary the solution condition in the chambers, thereby simultaneously providing a large number of crystallization environments. Control over changed solution conditions may result from a variety of techniques, including but not limited to metering volumes of crystallizing agent into the chamber by volume exclusion, by entrapment of volumes of crystallizing agent determined by the dimensions of the microfabricated structure, or by cross-channel injection of sample and crystallizing agent into an array of junctions defined by intersecting orthogonal flow channels.Type: GrantFiled: April 19, 2004Date of Patent: October 9, 2007Assignee: Fluidigm CorporationInventors: Hany Ramez Nassef, Geoffrey Facer, Joseph W. Barco
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Patent number: 7258745Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for fabricating hafnia film comprising the steps of providing a substrate having a surface that allows formation of a self-assembled monolayer thereon via covalent bonding; providing an aqueous solution that provides homogeneous hafnium ionic complexes and hafnium nanoclusters wherein the aqueous solution is capable of undergoing homogeneous precipitation under controlled conditions for a desired period of time at a controlled temperature and controlled solution acidity for desired nanocluster nucleation and growth kinetics, desired nanocluster size, desired growth rate of film thickness and desired film surface characteristics.Type: GrantFiled: August 6, 2004Date of Patent: August 21, 2007Assignee: UT-Battelle, LLCInventor: Michael Z. Hu
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Patent number: 7255741Abstract: A method is provided for the isolation of high purity crystalline citalopram (1-[3-dimethylamino)propyl}-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1, 3-dihydro-5-isobenzofurancarbonitrile) base directly from the alkylation reaction mixture of 5-cyanophthalane with N,N-dimethylaminoprpylchloride in a polar aprotic solvent using a strong base. The method comprises: (a) diluting the reaction mixture with ice cold water and extracting the resulting mixture with a water-immiscible organic solvent; (b) re-extracting the water-immiscible organic solvent extract with an aqueous acid; (c) diluting the aqueous acid extract with a substantially equal volume of a water miscible organic solvent, based on the volume of water in the aqueous acid extract; (d) adjusting the pH to basic with an inorganic base to precipitate free crystalline base and (e) further isolating the precipitated free crystalline base by filration.Type: GrantFiled: March 21, 2003Date of Patent: August 14, 2007Assignee: Jubilant Organosys LimitedInventors: Vuddamari Srinivas Goud, Santosh Laxman Gaonkar, Saji Thomas, Sulur G Manjunatha, Ashok Krishna Kulkarni, Ambati Narahari Babu
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Patent number: 7247203Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing high-quality crystals of protein or organic substances easily and efficiently. A solution of protein or an organic substance is prepared and then is cooled slowly to be supersaturated to a low degree. This supersaturated solution is irradiated with a femtosecond laser 10. A local explosion phenomenon occurs at the focal point of the laser and thereby a crystalline nucleus is generated. A high-quality crystal is obtained when a crystal is grown on the crystalline nucleus over a long period of time. The femtosecond laser to be used herein can be a titanium:sapphire laser having a wavelength of 800 nm, a duration of 120 fs, a frequency of 1 kHz, and an output of 400 mW.Type: GrantFiled: August 25, 2003Date of Patent: July 24, 2007Assignee: Osaka Industrial Promotion OrganizationInventors: Takatomo Sasaki, Yusuke Mori, Masashi Yoshimura, Hiroaki Adachi, Hiroshi Masuhara, Youichiroh Hosokawa, Kazufumi Takano
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Patent number: 7166161Abstract: The present invention relates to an anisotropic films and method for obtaining the same. The film comprises substrate and at least one modified conjugated aromatic crystalline layer deposited onto said substrate. The said layer is characterized by globally ordered crystalline structure with intermolecular spacing of 3.4±0.3 ? along one of optical axes. The modified conjugated aromatic crystalline layer is formed by rodlike supramolecules, which comprise at least one polycyclic organic compound with conjugated ?-system. At least part of the modified conjugated aromatic crystalline layer has electric conductivity and is slightly soluble or insoluble in polar solvents. The films are useful in optical applications, such as polarizers and retarders, and in electronic and light emitting devices, such as fiber optics modulators and switches, solar cells, charge-coupled device (CCD), thin film transistor integrated circuits, light emitting diodes, and light emitting displays.Type: GrantFiled: October 14, 2003Date of Patent: January 23, 2007Assignee: Nitto Denko CorporationInventors: Pavel I. Lazarev, Victor V. Nazarov
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Patent number: 7161029Abstract: A diL-lysine monosulfate trihydrate crystal which has a large tabular form and is more easily separable from the mother liquor. The crystal is obtained by a novel process of conducting crystallization at a lower temperature.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 2003Date of Patent: January 9, 2007Assignee: Ajinomoto Co., Inc.Inventors: Takeshi Kushiku, Dave Steckelberg, Toshiya Tanabe, Jirou Haga
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Patent number: 7156917Abstract: An apparatus for growing a biological macromolecular crystal by vaporizing biological macromolecular solution into an oversaturated state. The apparatus includes a first sealed room that receives first crystallizing agent solution, and a communicating tube that communicates with the first sealed room and has a small sectional area for suppressing convection of air. A plurality of droplets of solution dissolving a biological macromolecule and a crystallizing agent therein are held in the communicating tube with the plurality of droplets being separated from each other.Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 2004Date of Patent: January 2, 2007Assignees: IHI Aerospace Co., Ltd.Inventors: Hideaki Moriyama, Norio Sugi, Kazunori Kawasaki, Shoji Muramatsu
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Patent number: 7014705Abstract: A microfluidic method is provided that comprises: delivering a first fluid to a first lumen of a microfluidic device and a second, different fluid to a second lumen of the microfluidic device, the first and second lumens sharing a common wall which allows for diffusion between the lumens over at least a portion of the length of the lumens; and having the first and second fluids diffuse between the first and second lumens.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 2002Date of Patent: March 21, 2006Assignee: Takeda San Diego, Inc.Inventor: Peter R. David
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Patent number: 6994749Abstract: A microfluidic device is provided that comprises: a substrate; and a plurality of microvolumes at least partially defined by the substrate, each microvolume comprising a first submicrovolume and a second submicrovolume in fluid communication with the first submicrovolume when the device is rotated about a first rotational axis; wherein rotation of the device about the first rotational axis causes a fixed volume to be transported to each of the second submicrovolumes.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 2002Date of Patent: February 7, 2006Assignee: SYRRX, Inc.Inventor: Peter R. David
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Patent number: 6955717Abstract: The present invention provides machine readable media embedded with the three-dimensional atomic structure coordinates of Synagis Fab, and subsets thereof, and methods of using them.Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 2002Date of Patent: October 18, 2005Assignees: Medimmune Inc., Bowie State UniversityInventors: Leslie S. Johnson, Bradford Braden
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Patent number: 6840999Abstract: Amorphous or polycrystalline films have been recrystallized into single-crystal thin films (of micrometer thickness) by a zone melting technique, in which an electrically heated wire generated a narrow heated or molten zone (0.5-2 mm wide) on the substrate sandwiched between two pieces of glass or indium-tin-oxide-coated glass. The substrate can be either an organic or inorganic compound. When the molten zone was moved slowly (3-120 ?m/min) across the layer from one end of the cell to the other, a single-crystal film was produced after a single pass. This technique allows for thin film purification and an improvement in electronic, optical, and optoelectronic properties of the thin film. After this treatment, the steady-state short-circuit photocurrent can be improved by several orders of magnitude. These films are useful in the fields of optics and electronics for improving the performance in devices such as thin-film transistors and organic light-emitting diodes.Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 2001Date of Patent: January 11, 2005Assignee: Board of Regents The University of Texas SystemInventors: Chongyang Liu, Allen J. Bard
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Patent number: 6837927Abstract: A microfluidic device is provided that comprises: a substrate; and a plurality of microvolumes at least partially defined by the substrate, each microvolume comprising a first submicrovolume and a second submicrovolume that is in fluid communication with the first submicrovolume when the device is rotated, the plurality of microvolumes being arranged in the device such that fluid in the first submicrovolumes of multiple of the microvolumes are transported to second submicrovolumes of the associated microvolumes when the device is rotated.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 2002Date of Patent: January 4, 2005Assignee: Syrrx, Inc.Inventor: Peter R. David
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Patent number: 6837926Abstract: A microfluidic device is provided that comprises: a card shaped substrate having first and second opposing faces; one or more microvolumes at least partially defined by a first face of the card shaped substrate; and one or more grooves at least partially defined by a second face of the card shaped substrate; wherein a lateral footprint of at least a portion of the one or more grooves overlaps with a lateral footprint of at least one of the one or more microvolumes.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 2002Date of Patent: January 4, 2005Assignee: Syrrx, Inc.Inventor: Peter R. David
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Patent number: 6811608Abstract: Disclosed is a system and a method for depositing crystallization observations into a relational database. The system includes a computer, microscope, and a headset having a microphone and headphones. Crystallization observations are deposited into the database by verbal commands. Verbal commands also drive the crystallization apparatus plates to position the apparatus wells within the microscope field of vision. The system is integrated with a software application which enables the user to build the trials, matrices, solutions, and macromolecules to be used in the crystallization trials. The user is guided through the crystallization trial setup by a multitude of managers and builders of the software application. The software application also provides numerous tools to query the database and display results in a multitude of formats.Type: GrantFiled: August 2, 2000Date of Patent: November 2, 2004Assignee: Emerald Biostructures, Inc.Inventors: Lansing J. Stewart, Hidong Kim, Lucius B. C. A. Fleuchaus, Paul M. Dunn
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Patent number: 6797056Abstract: A microfluidic method is provided that comprises: delivering first and second fluids to a lumen of a microfluidic device such that the first and second fluids flow adjacent to each other within the lumen without mixing except for diffusion at an interface between the first and second fluids, wherein the first fluid is different than the second fluid.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 2002Date of Patent: September 28, 2004Assignee: Syrrx, Inc.Inventor: Peter R. David
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Patent number: 6770133Abstract: A homogeneous crystal having excellent stability which is suitable for the industrial-scale production of 5-[(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methoxy-N-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]benzamide (KRP-297). The novel crystal of KRP-297 is produced through recrystallization from an alcohol solvent. It is characterized by having diffraction angles (2&thgr;) at at least 9.7°, 15.0°, and 22.5° in X-ray powder diffractometry.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 2002Date of Patent: August 3, 2004Assignee: Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Inventors: Michiro Ohnota, Kazuo Orita
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Patent number: 6764545Abstract: The present invention provides a production method including adding water to a solution of (2R,3S)-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1,2-epoxy-4-phenylbutane ((2R,3S)-epoxide compound) or (2S,3R)-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1,2-epoxy-4-phenylbutane ((2S,3R)-epoxide compound) in a polar solvent to allow crystallization, whereby to produce crystals of the (2R,3S)-epoxide compound or the (2S,3R)-epoxide compound conveniently in a high yield by an industrial production method without requiring an extremely low temperature.Type: GrantFiled: December 11, 2001Date of Patent: July 20, 2004Assignee: Ajinomoto Co., Inc.Inventors: Yuichi Suzuki, Naoko Hirose, Tomoyuki Onishi, Kunisuke Izawa
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Patent number: 6752868Abstract: A three dimensional photonic crystal and layer-by-layer processes of fabricating the photonic crystal. A templated substrate is exposed to a plurality of first microspheres made of a first material, the first material being of a type that will bond to the templated substrate and form a self-passivated layer of first microspheres to produce a first layer. The first layer is exposed to a plurality of second microspheres made of a second material, the second material being of a type that will bond to the first layer and form a self-passivated layer of second microspheres. This layering of alternating first and second microspheres can be repeated as desired to build a three dimensional photonic crystal of desired geometry.Type: GrantFiled: July 31, 2002Date of Patent: June 22, 2004Assignee: MCNC Research & Development InstituteInventors: John South Lewis, III, Scott Halden Goodwin-Johansson, Brian Rhys Stoner, Sonia Grego, David Edward Dausch
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Patent number: 6743290Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising one or more undecamantanes. Specifically disclosed are compositions comprising 25 to 100 weight percent of one or more undecamantanes. Also disclosed are novel processes for the separation and isolation of undecamantane components into recoverable fractions from a feedstock containing at least a higher diamondoid component which contains one or more undecamantane components.Type: GrantFiled: December 12, 2001Date of Patent: June 1, 2004Assignee: Chevron U.S.A. Inc.Inventors: Jeremy E. Dahl, Robert M. Carlson
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Patent number: 6656267Abstract: A crystallization tray includes a plurality of crystallization cells, each cell having a reservoir adapted to receive an equilibrating solution, a shelf located adjacent to the reservoir and adapted for use as a temporary cryogenic holding area for a crystallized substance and/or a sample holding area, and a sample drop receptacle carried by the shelf and adapted to receive a sample drop including a crystallizable substance. A related method for forming macromolecular crystals includes dispensing an equilibrating solution in the reservoirs, dispensing a plurality of macromolecular solution droplets in the sample drop receptacles, covering the cells with a cover; and crystallizing the crystallizable substance by vapor diffusion.Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 2001Date of Patent: December 2, 2003Assignee: Structural Genomix, Inc.Inventor: Janet Newman
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Patent number: 6623708Abstract: A protein crystal growth assembly including a crystal growth cell and further including a cell body having a top side and a bottom side and a first aperture defined therethrough, the cell body having opposing first and second sides and a second aperture defined therethrough. A cell barrel is disposed within the cell body, the cell barrel defining a cavity alignable with the first aperture of the cell body, the cell barrel being rotatable within the second aperture. A reservoir is coupled to the bottom side of the cell body and a cap having a top side is disposed on the top side of the cell body.Type: GrantFiled: September 27, 2001Date of Patent: September 23, 2003Assignee: UAB Research FoundationInventors: Lawrence Delucas, Robyn Rouleau, Kenneth Banasiewicz
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Patent number: 6579564Abstract: A polarized organic photonics device, including an LED or photovoltaic device, is comprised of a first conductive layer or electrode coated with a friction transferred alignment material, a photoactive material, and a second electrically conductive layer or electrode. The alignment material provides for the orientation of the subsequently deposited photoactive material such that the photoactive material interacts with or emits light preferentially along a selected polarization axis. Additional layers and sublayers optimize and tune the optical and electronic responses of the device.Type: GrantFiled: October 8, 2002Date of Patent: June 17, 2003Assignee: Lucent Technologies Inc.Inventors: Xiaochun Linda Chen, Zhenan Bao
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Patent number: 6558736Abstract: Methods for preparing organic thin films on substrates, the method comprising the steps of providing a plurality of organic precursors in the vapor phase, and reacting the plurality or organic precursors at a sub-atmospheric pressure. Also included are thin films made by such a method and apparatuses used to conduct such a method. The method is well-suited to the formation of organic light emitting devices and other display-related technologies.Type: GrantFiled: April 19, 2002Date of Patent: May 6, 2003Assignee: The Trustees of Princeton UniversityInventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Paul E. Burrows, Vladimir S. Ban
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Patent number: 6503320Abstract: A blocking device for remote, selective blocking of a cold stream used in a protein crystal annealing process during X-ray protein crystallography includes a blocking member adapted to be selectively moved between at least a blocking position where the blocking member blocks the cold stream and a non-blocking position where the blocking member does not block the cold stream, and an actuation mechanism adapted to impart movement to the blocking member to cause the blocking member to be selectively moved between at least the blocking position and the non-blocking position.Type: GrantFiled: August 27, 2001Date of Patent: January 7, 2003Assignee: Structural Genomix, Inc.Inventors: Janet Newman, Jon A. Christopher, Brian L. Ganz, James A. Benjamin
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Patent number: 6495189Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a fat and oil composition comprising the steps of melting a fat and oil, or emulsion comprising fat and oil, and crystallizing the above-mentioned fat and oil by cooling to produce a fat and oil composition in paste form or plastic form. The molten fat and oil, or emulsion comprising fat and oil, is pressurized under force at a pressure of 10 to 150 MPa during the above-mentioned crystallization in the production of fat and oil compositions such as fat and oil processed foods, etc. As a result the crystallization speed of the fat and oil is markedly increased and post-crystallization can be prevented. Thus, improvement in quality of the fat and oil processed food and improved efficiency of the production process in terms of time and energy is achieved.Type: GrantFiled: January 31, 2001Date of Patent: December 17, 2002Assignee: Kaneka CorporationInventors: Yasuharu Nosho, Kazuhiro Ueshima, Toshinori Ikehara, Shinichi Hashimoto, Masakazu Kato
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Patent number: 6319315Abstract: Provided is a method which can facilitate crystallization of a biological macromolecule such as protein. A silicon crystal whose valence electrons are controlled so that the concentration of holes or electrons in the surface part can be controlled in response to the environment of a buffer solution containing a biological macromolecule such as protein is brought into contact with the solution, for depositing a crystal of the biological macromolecule on the surface of the silicon crystal. A plurality of grooves or holes whose sizes differ from each other are formed on the silicon crystal, and the valence electrons are so controlled that crystallization of the biological macromolecule is facilitated inside rather than outside the grooves or holes. The crystal of the biological macromolecule grows in the grooves or holes coming into contact with the solution.Type: GrantFiled: May 8, 2000Date of Patent: November 20, 2001Assignee: Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.Inventor: Akira Sanjoh
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Patent number: 6296700Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a structured layer of defined functional molecules on the surface of a flat substrate, on the surface of which structures having different surface properties, at least as regards their hydrophobicity, are produced. A monolayer of a protein-containing crystalline cell surface layer (S layer) is deposited by recrystallization on said structured surface. Said S Layer binds only to those structured areas of the surface characterized by raised hydrophobicity. Alternatively, a structured S-layer may also be produced on the basis of a monolayer of an S layer deposited on a substrate by irradiating predefined sections of said layer to be structured with radiation of a predetermined intensity and energy. In the irradiated sections of the S-layer this suppresses the binding or intercalating ability of at least one surface.Type: GrantFiled: September 1, 1999Date of Patent: October 2, 2001Assignee: IMS-Ionen Mikrofabrikations Systems GmbHInventors: Uwe B. Sleytr, Dietmar Pum, Hans Loschner
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Patent number: 6297021Abstract: X-ray crystallography can be used to screen compounds that are not known ligands of a target biomolecule for their ability to bind the target biomolecule. The method includes obtaining a crystal of a target biomolecule; exposing the target biomolecule crystal to one or more test samples; and obtaining an X-ray crystal diffraction pattern to determine whether a ligand/receptor complex is formed. The target is exposed to the test samples by either co-crystallizing a biomolecule in the presence of one or more test samples or soaking the biomolecule crystal in a solution of one or more test samples. In another embodiment, structural information from ligand/receptor complexes are used to design ligands that bind tighter, that bind more specifically, that have better biological activity or that have better safety profile. A further embodiment of the invention comprises identifying or designing biologically-active moieties by the instant process.Type: GrantFiled: March 5, 1999Date of Patent: October 2, 2001Assignee: Abbott LaboratoriesInventors: Vicki L. Nienaber, Jonathan Greer, Celerino Abad-Zapatero, Daniel W. Norbeck
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Patent number: 6221153Abstract: Compressed gases, liquefied gases, or supercritical fluids are utilized as anti-solvents in a crystal growing process for complex molecules. Crystals of the present invention exhibit greater crystal size and improved morphology over crystals obtained by conventional methods.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 1998Date of Patent: April 24, 2001Inventors: Trevor Percival Castor, Matthew Albert Britz, Maury David Cosman, Peter Richard d'Entremont, Glenn Thomas Hong
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Patent number: 6207437Abstract: A method for preparing a crystalline protease is provided which comprises preparing an aqueous solution containing the protease enzyme and adding to the aqueous solution sodium sulfate, allowing the crystallization to take place at a temperature between 10° C. and 60° C.Type: GrantFiled: March 11, 1996Date of Patent: March 27, 2001Assignee: Genencor International, Inc.Inventors: Ernst Hakan Gros, Jerry L. Cunefare
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Patent number: 6203612Abstract: An alternative and improved method for cleaning cooling and/or crystallization surfaces of a crystallizer fouled with a crystallized bisphenol as a result of processing a slurry derived from the production of bisphenol is provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) draining from 20 to 80%, and preferably about 50% of the slurry from the crystallizer; (b) replacing the drained slurry with a solvent comprising phenol, thereby forming a diluted slurry; (c) increasing the temperature in the crystallizer to a temperature at which the crystallized bisphenol is dissolved in the diluted slurry, and then rapidly cooling the diluted slurry to a temperature of 45 to 55° C.; and (d) adding a seed slurry containing solid bisphenol at a concentration of 5 to 30%. The seed slurry has a temperature of 45 to 55° C. and is added until conditions are established at which bisphenol crystals added to the crystallizer do not redissolve.Type: GrantFiled: March 30, 2000Date of Patent: March 20, 2001Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Rudy Peemans, Jan Huibert Weijland, Mourice Van Sintemaartensdijk
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Patent number: 6123769Abstract: A method which can control crystallization of a biopolymer such as protein is provided. A silicon crystal (15) whose valence electrons are controlled to be capable of controlling the concentration of holes or electrons of the surface part in response to the environment of a buffer solution (14) containing the biopolymer such as protein is brought into contact with the solution (14), for getting a crystal of the biopolymer deposited on the surface of the silicon crystal (15). Crystallization is controlled by an electrical state which is generated by the controlled valence electrons on the surface of the silicon crystal (15).Type: GrantFiled: September 15, 1999Date of Patent: September 26, 2000Assignee: Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.Inventor: Akira Sanjoh
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Patent number: 6117232Abstract: A method which can control crystallization of a biopolymer such as protein is provided. A silicon crystal (15) whose valence electrons are controlled to be capable of controlling the concentration of holes or electrons of the surface part in response to the environment of a mother liquor (14) containing the biopolymer such as protein is brought into contact with a buffer solution (12), for getting a crystal of the biopolymer deposited on the surface of the silicon crystal (15). Crystallization is controlled by an electrical state which is generated by the controlled valence electrons on the surface of the silicon crystal (15).Type: GrantFiled: August 26, 1997Date of Patent: September 12, 2000Assignee: Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.Inventor: Akira Sanjoh
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Patent number: 6110273Abstract: Provided is a method which can facilitate crystallization of a biological macromolecule such as protein. A silicon crystal whose valence electrons are controlled so that the concentration of holes or electrons in the surface part can be controlled in response to the environment of a buffer solution containing a biological macromolecule such as protein is brought into contact with the solution, for depositing a crystal of the biological macromolecule on the surface of the silicon crystal. A plurality of grooves or holes whose sizes differ from each other are formed on the silicon crystal, and the valence electrons are so controlled that crystallization of the biological macromolecule is facilitated inside rather than outside the grooves or holes. The crystal of the biological macromolecule grows in the grooves or holes coming into contact with the solution.Type: GrantFiled: December 23, 1998Date of Patent: August 29, 2000Assignee: Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.Inventor: Akira Sanjoh
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Patent number: 6087148Abstract: A method for purification, and isolation in crystalline form, of a cellulase from a broth comprises: treating the broth with a crystallization-effective amount of a water-miscible organic solvent (e.g. a lower aliphatic alcohol or ketone); and isolating the cellulase in question in crystalline form.Type: GrantFiled: August 28, 1998Date of Patent: July 11, 2000Assignee: Novo Nordisk A/SInventors: Anders Rancke-Madsen, Mads Aage Laustsen
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Patent number: 6039804Abstract: The present invention provides a crystallization unit including a solvent reservoir in gaseous communication with a plurality of chambers. Preferably, a plurality of crystallization units are arrayed in the form of a crystallization tray. A first preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a crystallization tray 10 including a rectangular array of crystallization units 26. Each crystallization unit includes a central reservoir 28 and four drop chambers 32 arranged in a cruciform configuration around central reservoir 28. Each drop chamber 32 is connected to central reservoir 28 by a diffusion channel 30. Each drop chamber 32 also includes a shoulder which is capable of supporting a cover slip from which a drop of solution, containing the substance to be crystallized, can be suspended.Type: GrantFiled: September 9, 1998Date of Patent: March 21, 2000Assignee: Emerald BioStructures, Inc.Inventors: Hidong Kim, Lansing Joseph Stewart
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Patent number: 6027565Abstract: An apparatus for producing crystals of a macromolecule in microgravity includes a container 100 which is made of a material having a low thermal conductivity and an open end. A thermally conductive lid 102 is fitted on the open end of the container to close the container and a heat source/sink 114 is provided in thermal contact with the thermally conductive lid to generate a temperature gradient within the container. When a solution of the macromolecule is provided in the container, the temperature gradient induces and control the crystallization of the macromolecule. In operation, a temperature ramp from a start temperature to an end temperature is used to maintain and control the temperature gradient.Type: GrantFiled: October 9, 1997Date of Patent: February 22, 2000Inventors: Charles E. Bugg, Lawrence L. Delucas, Tattanhalli L. Nagabhushan, Paul P. Trotta, Michael D. Harrington, John Bradford Bishop, deceased, by Sue C. Bishop, executrix
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Patent number: 6022409Abstract: A method of optical enantiomer resolution by preferential crystallization involves entering, each time crystallization starts, the two-phase domain containing excess enantiomer and the saturated solution, and cooling according to a well-defined kinetic schedule. A racemic mixture of fine particle size is added to the mother liquors obtained after harvesting the crystals, the mother liquors then being heated to a temperature lower than that of homogenization of the solution so that excess enantiomer is present only in a solid state in equilibrium with the solution. Further cooling produces the other enantiomer and completes the cycle of operations which may then be carried out repetitively.Type: GrantFiled: October 2, 1996Date of Patent: February 8, 2000Assignee: The University of RouenInventors: Gerard Coquerel, Marie-Noelle Petit, Roger Bouaziz
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Patent number: 6017390Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the growth and alignment of crystals at biopolymeric films. The methods and compositions of the present invention provide means to generate a variety of dense crystalline ceramic films, with totally aligned crystals, at low temperatures and pressures, suitable for use with polymer and plastic substrates.Type: GrantFiled: July 22, 1997Date of Patent: January 25, 2000Assignee: The Regents of the University of CaliforniaInventors: Deborah H. Charych, Amir Berman
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Patent number: 6001176Abstract: A device for specific formation of nuclei or crystals on the surface of a dielectric in contact with a solution, especially on the functional groups of a polymer, in which there is a device for generating an electric field in the dielectric.Type: GrantFiled: September 25, 1996Date of Patent: December 14, 1999Assignees: Klaus Leiter, Gerhard WalderInventors: Klaus Leiter, Gerhard Walder
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Patent number: 5997637Abstract: A method of producing a semiconducting material comprises reacting one or more of halogenosilanes with an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal in an inert solvent to give a condensate and thermally decomposing the condensate. The condensate is dissolved in a suitable solvent such as toluene and tetrahydrofuran and applied by casting to a suitable substrate. The resulting semiconductor material in its film form has an optical band-gap (EO) of usually 0.1-4.0 eV.Type: GrantFiled: April 12, 1996Date of Patent: December 7, 1999Assignee: Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.Inventors: Keizo Ikai, Masaki Minami, Mitsuo Matsuno