Abstract: A heat exchanger includes front and back walls forming a flue gas space such that a fluid flowing through a channel formed in the front and back walls can exchange heat with flue gas in the flue gas space, in use. The front wall includes a lower portion extending along the back wall, and an upper portion extending upwardly from an upper end of the lower portion and outwardly away from the back wall to form a combustion space of a flammable gas between the upper portion and the back wall. A length of the upper portion along a longitudinal direction thereof is longer than a length of the lower portion along a longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: A method of cooling syngas in a gasifier is provided. The method includes channeling cooling fluid through at least one platen that extends at least partially through a reaction zone of the gasifier, and circulating reactant fluid around the at least one platen to facilitate heat transfer from the reactant fluid to the cooling fluid.

Abstract: A fuel-fired, forced draft, down-fired water heater is provided with an improved combustion product flow path that permits the heater to operate with improved fuel efficiency, lowered CO and NOx emissions, and an improved water heat input distribution along the vertical length of the heater. The water heater includes a vertically oriented tank with a vent plenum structure formed at the top end of the tank interior and having an outlet passage connectable to an external combustion product vent pipe. A centrally positioned submerged vertical burner tube extends downwardly from the vent plenum and has an open lower end extending into a submerged turn bowl disposed at the bottom end of the tank interior. Extending upwardly from the turn bowl within the tank interior, and symmetrically arranged about the centrally disposed burner tube, are a plurality of vertical flue tubes that communicate the interiors of the turn bowl and the vent plenum.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is disclosed including an annular lower manifold to which a cold-water intake through which cold water comes is connected; an annular upper manifold to which a hot-water exit through which hot water is discharged is connected; a plurality of coil-shaped heat exchange tubes connected between the lower and upper manifolds; an inner liner for embracing the plurality of coil-shaped heat exchange tubes on the inner surface thereof; and an outer liner for embracing the plurality of coil-shaped heat exchange tubes on the outer surface thereof, the inner and outer liners forming a path of burned gas.

Abstract: The invention concerns a single or double circuit hot water production applicance comprising, for the water, one or two nests of parallel vertical coaxial tubes (1) connecting together two rings (2,3) which are also coaxial and, for the combustive air admitted, an external jacket (7) with double wall and, finally, for the combustion gases, an annular intermediate sleeve (9) and a central discharge chimney (10, 11). The burner (14) fed with pressurized fuel gas (at 16) is disposed annularly between the upper ring (3) and the top of the chimney (11) and it is adapted so as to generate downwardly oriented flames. An inclined bottom (29) collects the condensates.

Abstract: A combination gas combustor and heat pipe evaporator comprised of elongated cylindrical tubes which overfit one another to create a number of longitudinal gas flow passages. A burner disposed at one end of the device creates hot flue gases which travel initially through an annular passage where heat is conducted to the working fluid of a heat pipe evaporator chamber. The flue gas flow is then reversed in direction to heat the radially outer surface of the tubes making up the heat pipe evaporator, and thereafter flow through passages to warm inlet air to increase combustion efficiency. For both described embodiments, a bellows is provided to accommodate differences in thermal expansion between the tubes making up the heat pipe evaporator. In accordance with a first embodiment, the primary flue gas transport channel has a decreasing annular width with distance from the combuster which results in a lowering Reynolds number for flow which provides a more uniform heat flux along the length of the device.

Abstract: An instantaneous hot water heater having a coiled heat exchanger (4) through which water to be heated passes. A fuel supply assembly (22) is provided for supplying air and gas to the interior of the exchanger for combustion in such a way that combustion occurs as a series of rapidly occuring pulses at a rate of typically 50 to 100 ignitions per second. There is considerable turbulence in the combustion products whereby good heat exchange takes place enabling very efficient operation.

Abstract: A heating boiler having a vertical, completely premixing burner tube arranged in a space shut off at the top includes concentrically relative to the burner tube a helical water tube surrounded by an upwardly extending flue gas discharge jacket. The burner tube comprises a lower circumferentially closed tubular mixing portion and an upper portion having burner ports formed by a plurality of stacked alternately flat and radially corrugated annular discs held together by a flat top plate connected through a bolt or the like to a cross piece or the like wedged in an internally tapered upper end of the circumferentially closed tubular mixing portion.

Abstract: A thermal plant comprises a clear blue flame burner and a multi-tank boiler of stainless steel. The burner has a nosepiece welded to the boiler and a rear portion removably fixed to the nosepiece. The rear portion of the burner includes a labyrinth pathway for preheating the combustion air and a thermally insulating conduit for feeding fuel to an atomizer. The boiler has its furnace delimited by two water tanks, i.e. a main peripheral tank and end tank located downstream of the furnace and delimiting with the main tank a gap through which flue gases are conveyed to give off heat to the water in the tanks.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is formed of a pair of concentrically arranged open-ended cylindrical shells, defining a chamber therebetween, in through which water can pass. Each end of the pair of shells is closed by a removable cap. A combustion element extends into the inner shell from one end along the axis thereof and is connected to a source of heat such as a gas/air mixture which ignites in the combustion element causing the radiation of heat outwardly from the combustion element. A continuous helical wire is located in the chamber, between the inlet and the outlet and in contact with the opposing walls of the chamber to convert the chamber into an elongated helical passage.

Abstract: A dirty water heat exchanger keeps solids from settling out while passing through the heat exchanger and includes a cylindrical furnace duct, connected at a first end to a conventional burner, having a spiral liquid heating duct along which the dirty water passes from its first end to its second end. The second end of the furnace duct is open. An exhaust tube surrounds the furnace duct and provides an annular exhaust gap for the hot gases to flow back over the outer surface of the spiral liquid heating duct. The outer end of the exhaust tube is closed to redirect hot gases into the exhaust gap. Spiral flighting along the exhaust gap spirals the exhaust gas to keep the hot gases collecting along the top of the heat exchanger. The gases pass out of the exhaust gap through a flume at the first exhaust tube end. The furnace duct and the exhaust tube are connected together at at most one axial position to accommodate different amounts of axial expansion.

Abstract: A fuel heated hot water storage tank with a water filled annular space (33) is disposed in a case (1). The center of the annular space is provided by a flame tube (5), which is heated with the waste gases of a burner. An annular heating space (10) for water of a heating system is disposed between the flame tube (5) and the inner wall (28) of the water container (33). The annular heating space (10) is formed as a double annular space in the shape of a U, where the two arms (11, 12) of the U are connected to each other in the lower region (34) via a redirection connection (14). A further annular space (26) is provided between the outer annular space (12) of the double annular space (10) at a heat insulating distance (27) from the outer annular space and the further annular space is located in a heat conducting connection to the water filled annular space (33). The heat insulating distance can be provided as a third annular space (27).

Abstract: There is described here a gas water heater consisting of a blower (1), a premixing device (2), a gas burner (3), a heat exchanger (4), and a waste gas heat exchanger (5). Gas burner (3) works as super-stoichiometrically premixing burner and has a burner plate (9) which is cooled on the reverse side and which has a plurality of mixture passage openings (10). Heat exchanger (4) extends through two chambers (6, 7) which are located next to each other and through which waste gas flows in opposite directions. Condensation heat exchanger (5) works in the counter-current and consists of star-shaped section pieces through which heating water flows centrally and which are arranged vertically. Waste gas heat exchanger (5) and premixing device (2) run parallel to each other.

Abstract: Water heaters are provided which exhibit improved efficiency and emissions performance over conventional water heaters, comprising condensing heat exchanger means and infrared fiber matrix burner means to achieve said improved performance.

Abstract: A steam generator has a wound flow pipe which forms an enclosure structure that surrounds an inner chamber, an inner housing which surrounds the jacket and forms therewith a first annular gap for guiding exhaust gas from a burner, an intermediate housing which surrounds the inner housing and forms therebetween a second annular gap through which a combustion air flows to the burner and is heated by the exhaust gas in the first annular gap, and an outer housing which surrounds the intermediate housing and forms a third annular gap through which the combustion air is aspirated from the third gap and is preheated by the combustion air in the second annular gap.

Abstract: A safety boiler with high efficiency comprises a plurality of water jackets disposed around a central vaporizing chamber positioned atop on a combustion chamber and a plurality of sandwiched flues each respectively partitioned between each two neighboring water jackets so that the feed water passing the water jackets will be thoroughly preheated to increase the thermal efficiency and safety of the boiler.

Abstract: A water heating tank is disclosed which includes an annular water receptacle having a vertical passageway extending centrally therethrough and opening at its lower end into a plenum chamber beneath the receptacle. An annular combustion chamber assembly extends downwardly into the passageway from the upper end thereof and is removably mounted on the receptacle together with an oil-fired burner unit having a burner tube extending downwardly into the combustion chamber. A removable baffle assembly is disposed in the passageway between the combustion chamber and plenum chamber, and a circumferentially narrow exhaust flue extends vertically along the outer side wall of the receptacle and has an inlet end opening radially into the plenum chamber.

Abstract: A hot water boiler, e.g. for central heating, has two castings which contain water passages and are connected together to enclose a combustion chamber and above it a flue. From the flue, the burned gases pass downwardly through passages outside the castings into which ribs on the castings project. In order to improve thermal efficiency by achieving considerable condensation of water vapor on the burned gases, the castings are located on a sump into which the downward passages for burned gas open and which has means for removing condensate collecting in it. A blower is provided to extract the burned gas from the sump.

Abstract: A heating boiler comprises an outer housing with a cylindrical wall in the housing extending from one end thereof and defining therewithin a primary fire chamber. A cylindrical fire space wall portion is radially spaced outwardly of the cylindrical fire wall and extends along the length of the fire wall and has a secondary portion which extends axially beyond the length of the cylindrical wall and has a greater diameter than the cylindrical wall and defines therein a secondary fire chamber which communicates with the primary fire chamber. The housing also contains a wall spaced radially inwardly of its interior which defines a chamber water space between the wall and the fire space wall and also a hot water tank between the wall and the interior of the housing.

Abstract: The gas supplemented solar collector storage means includes a water tank having supply and return connections for circulating water from the tank to a solar collector and back to the tank. A combustion chamber having top and side openings is disposed within the upper half portion of the tank and connects respectively to an upwardly extending flue pipe and an inlet side cylinder to provide an air and gas passage through the upper half of the tank in heat exchange relationship with water. A gas burner is receivable in the combustion chamber and is operated by a thermostat to provide heat to the water only in the event that the solar heating of the water is insufficient to maintain the water above a minimum temperature.

Abstract: A hot water boiler, particularly for central heating systems, has a double-walled structure containing water passages and bounding a combustion chamber, and a multi-walled structure outside the double-walled structure providing passages for the combustion gases and the incoming air for combustion. In order to increase thermal efficiency, while providing an economic and simple design, the double-wall structure is a pair of opposed hollow metal castings which bound not only the combustion chamber but also a combustion gas passage leading upwardly from that chamber and having in it projections integrally formed on the castings. Outside the castings are walls providing, in sequence, downward and upward passages for combustion gas and a downward passage for combustion air.

Abstract: An easily mounted, efficient de-icing unit for stock watering tanks and the like. A heating unit is suspended exteriorly of a tank and acts on a constantly replenished, required volume of wafter from the tank to heat it and to build up a steam and hot water pressure that is discharged through orifices in a float supported tube that extends around the periphery of the tank.