Abstract: The disclosed technology includes a heat exchanger assembly having a plurality of heat exchanger tubes. Each heat exchanger tube can include a baffle. The baffle can include a first end and a second end, a length of the baffle being defined as a distance between the first end and the second end, a body having a first side and a second side, a hanging portion located proximate the second end, and a plurality of fins disposed along the body. The plurality of fins can extend outwardly from the body and upwardly towards the second end at an angle relative to a central axis of the body. The plurality of fins can include a first fin positioned proximate the first end and having a first angle and a second fin positioned proximate the second end and having a second angle, the first angle being less than the second angle.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a water heater having a burner includes a tube extending longitudinally along a centerline from a first end adjacent the burner to a second end. The tube defines a passage. Strips extend within the passage and are arranged about the centerline. Each strip includes a base and fins extending from opposite sides of the base such that flue gases from the burner flow from the first end to the second end of the outer tube and in channels between the fins.

Abstract: A finely distributed combustion system for a gas turbine engine is provided. A combustor body may extend along a longitudinal axis. A premixer space may be formed within the combustor body to premix air and fuel. The premixer space is in communication with an array of finely distributed perforations arranged in a wall of the combustor body to eject an array of premixed main flamelets throughout a contour of the combustor body between the upstream base of the combustor body and the downstream base of the combustor body. The array of finely distributed perforations—potentially comprising thousands or even hundreds of thousands of perforations spatially distributed on a miniaturized scale—for ejecting the premixed main flamelets is technically advantageous compared to conventional distributed combustion systems, where injection of relatively longer main flames occurs just at a few discrete axial locations.

Abstract: A plate (1) for a heat exchange arrangement has a first heat transferring surface (A) with a protrusion (7) forming a continuous and closed ridge. This ridge divides said surface into a closed inner region (A1) and an outer region (A2). The inner region (A1) encloses a first inlet porthole (2) and a first outlet porthole (5) for a first medium. The outer region (A2) has a second inlet porthole (3) and a second outlet porthole (6) for the first medium. A heat exchange arrangement comprises a stack of first and second plates of the above type. The protrusions (7) on the first heat transferring surfaces (A) of said plates are connected to each other to separate first channels into first and second flow paths for the first medium.

Abstract: A fuel-fired water heater having a top water outlet includes a water tank and a top cover assembly having the top water outlet to output water from the water tank. The water heater further includes a multi-pass heat exchanger that includes flue tubes positioned in the water tank. The water heater also includes a first plenum and a second plenum at a top end portion of the water heater. The first plenum provides a first hot gas flow path from a first set of the flue tubes to a second set of the flue tubes, and the second plenum provides a second hot gas flow path from a third set of the flue tubes to a fourth set of the flue tubes.

Abstract: An instant water heater. The instant water heater includes a housing having a transparent reservoir configured to store liquid water. The reservoir includes an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication with a building's existing water supply lines. A plurality of infrared lights are disposed around a perimeter of the reservoir. A plurality of reflectors disposed around each infrared light are configured to direct the emitted light energy to the reservoir, in order to heat the water therein. A control circuit is operably connected to the infrared lights, and is configured to receive input commands and selectively activate the plurality of infrared lights in order to heat water within the reservoir. Other parameters such as a flow rate and water pressure can be monitored and controlled wirelessly or on an included display screen. The device can be utilized to quickly and efficiently heat water to a desired temperature.

Abstract: A combustion system includes a perforated reaction holder having perforations defined to compensate for a non-uniform velocity of fuel and/or oxidant received across an input face of the perforated reaction holder.

Abstract: The present description discloses a combustion type water heater that heats water by burning fuel. The combustion type water heater includes: a burner that generates combustion gas by burning the fuel; a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the water passing through on an inside of the heat exchanger and the combustion gas flowing on an outside of the heat exchanger, an exhaust pipe that discharges the combustion gas after the heat exchange in the heat exchanger as exhaust gas; an exhaust gas temperature detector that detects a temperature of the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust pipe as an exhaust gas temperature; a clog degree detector that detects a degree of clog in the exhaust pipe; and a scale buildup determiner that determines whether or not scale has built up inside the heat exchanger based on the exhaust gas temperature and the degree of clog in the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A first responder decontamination system, method, and apparatus comprising of a fluid supply in fluidic connection with a pipe further connected to a fluid dispenser, a valve for providing the fluid to the fluid dispenser from the fluid supply, a mounting bracket for adjustably mounting the fluid dispenser to a vehicle, and a pump configured to control pressure of the fluid supply. The fluid supply can be used to decontaminate first responders exiting a contaminated area.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low-noise gas instantaneous water heater, belonging to the technical field of gas appliances. The low-noise gas instantaneous water heater comprises a combustion device, a heat exchanger and a blower; wherein the combustion device, the heat exchanger and the blower are arranged such that a combustion flue gas is discharged after passing sequentially through the heat exchanger and the blower; the blower comprises a stepless speed regulating motor with a motor control panel and an impeller driven by the motor, and at least one thermal insulation device is arranged between the motor control panel and the combustion flue gas generated by the combustion device.

Abstract: A fluid heating device for heating chemicals mainly containing sulfuric acid, which is capable of suppressing reduction of heating efficiency even if a fluid mainly containing sulfuric acid is heated, includes a translucent inner tube composed of quartz or the like, a lamp heater disposed in the inner tube, a translucent outer tube disposed outside the inner tube, which is composed of quartz or the like, translucent side plates disposed on both sides of the outer tube, which include quartz or the like, and an amorphous carbon pipe disposed between the outer tube and the inner tube, which functions as a light-absorbing material, wherein the amorphous carbon pipe is disposed so as to be brought into contact with chemicals passing through a space between the outer tube and the inner tube.

Abstract: The efficiencies of illustrative embodiments of vertical center flue type fuel-fired base water heaters are improved by installing in the water heaters variously configured tubular condensing type secondary heat exchangers of smaller diameters than the associated center flues. The efficiency increases are achieved with components and manufacturing processes similar to those utilized in the base water heaters and secondary heat exchanger materials similar to those in the tank portions of the base water heaters.

Abstract: An exhaust adapter secures an exhaust tube relative to an exhaust pipe. The exhaust adapter is formed to have an annular shape enclosing a through hole, and is mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the exhaust tube and on the inner peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe by inserting the exhaust tube into the through hole. When the exhaust adapter is being fitted on the outer peripheral surface of the exhaust tube, the inner peripheral surface of the exhaust adapter presses the outer peripheral surface of the exhaust tube, and when the exhaust adapter is being fitted on the inner peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe, the outer peripheral surface of the exhaust adapter presses the inner peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: An exhaust assembly for use with a gas-fired water heater that includes a hood for receiving exhaust gas from the gas-fired water heater, a housing, and a fan positioned in the housing to move exhaust gas from the hood out of the exhaust outlet. The hood includes a first hood mounting location and a second hood mounting location. The housing includes an exhaust outlet and a housing mounting location. In a first configuration, the exhaust outlet faces a first direction and the housing mounting location is aligned with and secured at the first hood mounting location. In a second configuration, the exhaust outlet faces a second direction different than the first direction and the housing mounting location is aligned with and secured at the second hood mounting location.

Abstract: Modifications convert an existing single-pass boiler to operate with a multi-pass combustion gas flow through the flue passages of the heat exchanger of the boiler. A diverting target wall is arranged partway along the length of the original combustion chamber, and an upper draft diverter is arranged in a flue collector chamber above the flue passages, to divert some or all of the combustion gas into a multi-pass flow pattern through several flue passages of the heat exchanger in series. The modifications may further include changing the nozzle oil delivery rate and cone angle, the oil supply pressure, the draft conditions, and others. Heat extraction from the hot combustion gas to the boiler water is increased, exhaust gas temperature is decreased, and overall efficiency is increased, to result in a fuel and cost savings.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating water having three vertically aligned water heating process sections. The upper section includes an annular water storage tank disposed around a combustion chamber having a downward firing burner. The intermediate section, disposed vertically below the upper section receives flue gas from the combustion chamber, which flue gas is cooled and dehumidified, producing a hot condensate which collects in a passive condensate flow control device disposed proximate the bottom of the intermediate section. The lower section, disposed vertically below the intermediate and separated therefrom by the passive condensate flow control device receives hot condensate from the flow control device, which is used to preheat and humidify air, such as room air, which is then recycled to the combustion process of the upper section for use as combustion air.

Abstract: A water heater system comprises a water tank, a burner plenum, a flue, a blower, a combustion air passageway, a dilution air passageway, an upstream manifold, and a downstream manifold. The upstream manifold divides air from the blower so that some air flows through the combustion air passageway to the burner plenum and some air flows through the dilution air passageway to the downstream manifold. The downstream manifold combines the air from the dilution air passageway with combustion products from the flue.

Abstract: A water heater system comprises a water tank, a burner plenum, a flue, and a dilution air blower system. The dilution air blower system comprises a blower, a dilution air passageway, and a venturi system. Air from the blower is forced through the dilution air passageway and discharged toward the venturi system. When the dilution air blower system is attached to the water heater system, air discharged from the dilution air discharge passage via the blower passes through a converging region, throat region, diverging region and exit passage of the venturi system and draws combustion products through the flue and out the venturi system.

Abstract: A corrugated indirect heating coil is disclosed. The heating coil includes an intake and an exhaust. Tubing connects the intake and exhaust together in fluid communication. The tubing includes a plurality of corrugations formed thereon to maximize surface area for heat exchange. The tubing is preferably wound into coils and supported by a frame.

Abstract: Heat exchanger, comprising a heat exchanger body made of light metal or light metal alloy, wherein the body comprises at least a flue duct and a flame receiving space, wherein the body comprises two parts at opposite sides of the flue duct and flame receiving space, said two parts substantially defining said flue duct and flame receiving space, wherein the flue duct and flame receiving space define a main flow direction for flue gas between an entry side of the flame receiving space and an outlet of the flue duct, wherein each of said parts comprises a first series of ribs extending into the space between said two parts and having a length direction substantially perpendicular to the main flow direction for flue gas, thus defining a meandering flow path of flue gasses between said flame receiving space and said outlet and a second series of ribs extending in said flame receiving space, wherein between the ribs of said second series of opposite parts an open space is provided.

Abstract: A blower housing of novel two-piece construction is comprised of first and second housing parts of stamped or drawn sheet metal that are attached together. The two-piece construction provides the housing with two interior portions separated by an interior wall. The interior wall has an opening that is spaced from the aligned exhaust opening of the heater and the output opening of the housing. This creates a winding exhaust gas flow path through the blower housing. The interior wall is also provided with a recessed cavity that receives a portion of a fan rotated by a motor supported by the blower housing. Positioning of at least a portion of the fan in the cavity reduces the overall height dimension of the blower housing and facilitates the retrofitting of the blower housing between an existing exhaust opening of a heater and an axially aligned flue pipe.

Abstract: A boiler has a tank, a hearth contained in the tank, a gas pipe having one end in communication with a gas exit of the hearth and the other end passing through the hearth, a combustor in communication with a bottom of the hearth, and a fuel supply device being connected to a fuel inlet of the combustor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for venting a water heater are disclosed. The system includes a water heater, a blower, a draft hood, and a thermal switch. The blower has a blower inlet positioned to receive combustion gas from the water heater and a blower outlet positioned to exhaust combustion gas. The draft hood defines a passageway positioned to receive combustion gas from the blower outlet. The draft hood defines a relief opening to allow gas to enter into or exit from the passageway of the draft hood. The thermal switch detects a blockage in the passageway of the draft hood and deactivates the water heater when a blockage is indicated. A method for venting a water heater includes blowing exhaust gas outward through a blower outlet of the water heater, and receiving the exhaust gas blown through the outlet with a draft hood positioned on top of the blower outlet.

Abstract: A heat exchanger of a non-condensing storage type boiler for preventing condensation is provided. The heat exchanger include a heating water outflow port installed on an upper portion of the boiler, a heating water inflow port installed lower than the heating water outflow port, and an internal pipe extending spirally from the heating water inflow port and being installed in a water tube of the boiler. The internal pipe is connected to an extension pipe that extends through a re-entry outlet passing through a wall of the boiler to be connected with a re-entry inlet.

Abstract: A fuel-fired water heater has a tank which holds a reserve of water to be heated by a burner located in a sealed combustion chamber disposed under a bottom heat transfer wall of the tank. A combustion gas exhaust flue extends vertically through the center of the tank in contact with the water therein. A restrictive baffle is secured inside the gas exhaust flue to retard hot gases rising in the flue from the combustion chamber whereby to increase heat transfer from the hot gases to the water in contact with the exhaust flue. A draft inducing blower is secured in a top end of the exhaust flue above the top wall of the tank. A heat exchanger is in communication with a heat exchange section of the flue above the top end of the exhaust flue to extract further heat from residual hot gases in the exhaust flue.

Abstract: An exhaust assembly for use with a gas-fired water heater that includes a hood for receiving exhaust gas from the gas-fired water heater, a housing, and a fan positioned in the housing to move exhaust gas from the hood out of the exhaust outlet. The hood includes a first hood mounting location and a second hood mounting location. The housing includes an exhaust outlet and a housing mounting location. In a first configuration, the exhaust outlet faces a first direction and the housing mounting location is aligned with and secured at the first hood mounting location. In a second configuration, the exhaust outlet faces a second direction different than the first direction and the housing mounting location is aligned with and secured at the second hood mounting location.

Abstract: A water heater. The water heater includes a water tank having a tank wall defining an interior space and adapted to contain water to be heated, a tank extension having an extension wall detachably mounted to the tank wall, the extension wall defining extension space communicating with the interior space, and defining an extension axis, an air inlet at least partially in the extension space extending through the extension wall at a radial angle to extension axis of tank extension, a combustor at least partially in the extension space and in fluid communication with the air inlet, and a plurality of heat exchange tubes configured to receive products of combustion from combustor and extending into interior space of the water tank. The extension space is configured to be flooded with water from the water tank.

Abstract: The efficiencies of illustrative embodiments of vertical center flue type fuel-fired base water heaters are improved by installing in the water heaters variously configured tubular condensing type secondary heat exchangers of smaller diameters than the associated center flues. The efficiency increases are achieved with components and manufacturing processes similar to those utilized in the base water heaters and secondary heat exchanger materials similar to those in the tank portions of the base water heaters.

Abstract: A collector assembly is provided for directing products of combustion between segments of a flue of a water heater. The assembly includes an insulator at least partially defining a chamber configured to direct products of combustion between the flue segments. The assembly also includes a cover configured to at least partially surround the insulator. The cover is also configured to be coupled to a water tank of the water heater. The insulator in an uncompressed state is dimensioned to extend outwardly from the cover when the insulator is positioned in the cover. The insulator in a compressed state is dimensioned to permit coupling of the cover to the water tank.

Abstract: A flue system is provided for a water heater having improved heat exchange efficiency. The flue system includes an upstream heat exchange portion having at least one substantially vertical flue tube. The flue system also includes a downstream heat exchange portion having at least one substantially vertical flue tube. The upstream heat exchange portion provides a first pass for heat exchange with water in a water heater. The downstream heat exchange portion provides a second pass for heat exchange with water in the water heater.

Abstract: A high efficiency water heater comprising a generally cone shaped tank; an surrounding and spaced from the tank defining a passageway for flue gases between an inner surface of the enclosure and the outer surface of the tank, said enclosure having an outlet for flue gases; a burner communicating with the interior of said enclosure, and means for providing combustion air to said burner. The preferred embodiment includes baffle means attached to the outer surface of the tank for increasing heat transfer. One embodiment has a conduit passing vertically through the tank, and wherein the burner is disposed in an upper region and communicating with the conduit, and includes a fan for directing flue gases downward through the conduit and subsequently into and through said passageway between the inner surface of the enclosure and the outer surface of the tank.

Abstract: A fuel-fired commercial water heater has upper and lower communicated tank portions which are separated by a plenum forming a vertically intermediate portion of a dual pass condensing type heat exchanger. A lower portion of the heat exchanger is defined by a series of vertical flue tubes extending through the lower tank and intercommunicating the plenum with a combustion chamber disposed beneath the lower tank and having a fuel burner with a discharge portion communicated therewith. An upper portion of the heat exchanger is defined by a vertical flue pipe, disposed in the upper tank, that extends upwardly from the plenum and then coils downwardly around itself and horizontally exits the upper tank. During firing of water heater the burner flows flue gases sequentially through the lower tank flue tubes, the plenum, and the upper tank coiled flue pipe structure.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for a chiller includes a burner and igniter which are maintained in the horizontal position. The horizontal positioning is implemented by a steel casting, which includes a thick flange portion. The thick flange portion is between the combustion chamber and the outside surface, therefore keeping the outside surface cooler. The steel casting has a mitered extension of the combustion chamber, which allows for more efficient heat transfer. By orienting the burner and igniter in the steel casting in the horizontal position, one eliminates prior art ceramic annular cooling devices. The horizontal orientation enables the overall height of the generator to be decreased and also allows for easy access during installation and maintenance of the burner and igniter.

Abstract: A water heater having improved operating characteristics and lower costs of manufacturing is described. The water heater has an unified combustion chamber and burner construction with a ceramic fiber matrix burner.

Abstract: A shield for a combustion chamber of a hot water heater is described. The combustion chamber is a sealed or not combustion chamber and the metal heat shield encircles and is spaced about the burner and pilot which is located in the combustion chamber. The shield is also spaced from the skirt and a bottom wall of the combustion chamber. The shield is further provided with apertures to permit passage of air supplied by an air supply duct. The shield provides for heat concentration on a lower heat transfer wall of the inner casing containing the water to be heated. The shield also reduces heat loss through the skirt and the bottom end wall of the combustion housing.

Abstract: A fuel-fired heating apparatus, representatively a forced draft or natural draft gas-fired water heater having a combustion chamber, is provided with a flammable vapor control system that functions, during firing of the apparatus, to substantially prevent entry into and combustion within the combustion chamber of extraneous flammable vapors externally adjacent the bottom of the apparatus, without detecting the extraneous flammable vapors or terminating firing of the apparatus. The flammable vapor control system includes a dilution air flow passage connected to a discharge portion of the apparatus vent structure and having an inlet externally adjacent a bottom portion of the apparatus and operative to draw dilution air and extraneous flammable vapors into the vent structure discharge portion, and a combustion air flow passage having an inlet disposed adjacent the upper end of the apparatus, and an outlet communicated with the interior of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An exhaust system for withdrawing a supply of exhaust gases from an exhaust flue of a heater and expelling the exhaust gases to atmosphere at a remote location that includes a mixing tee for mixing a flow of dilution air and a flow of exhaust gases. The mixing tee includes a first end coupled to the inlet opening of a blower housing and a second end coupled to a supply of dilution air. The dilution air inlet pipe of the mixing tee extends along a longitudinal axis. The mixing tee includes a flue pipe having a first end positioned to receive the exhaust gases from the heater and a second end that enters into the dilution air inlet pipe. The flue pipe extends along a longitudinal axis that is positioned at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the dilution air inlet pipe. The exhaust flue extends toward the upstream end of the dilution air inlet pipe such that the flow of dilution air impinges upon the flow of exhaust gases.

Abstract: An improved flue pipe construction particularly adapted for a fuel fired water heater is disclosed which serves to reduce or minimize heat loss when the water heater is in a standby mode. The flue pipe construction comprises inner and outer concentric flue pipes which define an air space therebetween and one or more valve arrangements associated therewith to selectively restrict air flow through such air space. The valve arrangements include a thermally responsive actuator operative to open and close the valve member in response to heat generated by firing of the burner assembly without the need for any external power supply or interlocks.

Abstract: In a water heater, an outer casing includes a hollow flue tube that extends vertically from an inner periphery of a bottom wall thereof, and an outer surrounding wall that extends uprightly from an outer periphery of the bottom wall and that cooperates with the flue tube to confine a receiving space. A heat-conducting unit is mounted inside the receiving space so as to configure the receiving space with isolated first and second chambers. The first chamber is filled with a thermal superconductor material. The second chamber is adapted for holding water therein. The heat-conducting unit includes a plurality of interconnected upright tubular members that cooperate with the outer casing to confine the first chamber therein. The second chamber is disposed externally of the tubular members. A heat-generating source is mounted below the outer casing for heating the water inside the second chamber.

Abstract: A gas-fired combustion apparatus includes a burner disposed in a substantially sealed combustion chamber and a permeable flexible member arranged to suppress pressure fluctuations within the combustion chamber while concurrently providing for intake of combustion air and restriction of particulate which may interfere with burner operation and increase the risk of ignition of flammable vapor remote of the combustion chamber. The permeable flexible member forms a portion of the combustion chamber wall and is displaceable to provide volume changes. Water heater applications of the burner apparatus are illustrated.

Abstract: A water heater includes a water tank, a combustion chamber below the tank and communicating with the flue tube, and a flue system. The flue system includes a flue tube, and V-shaped fins that are metallurgically bonded to the flue tube wall to divide the flue tube into four flue chambers extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the flue tube. The V-shaped fins include radially extending apertures that reduce the thermal expansion of the V-shaped fins with respect to the flue tube to reduce stress at the joint between the fins and the flue tube. The flue system also includes a removable baffle hanging in each flue chamber. The baffles include adjustable turbulation surfaces to control the quality of combustion in the water heater.

Abstract: A fuel-fired heating appliance, representatively a gas-fired water heater, has a combustion chamber with a flame arrestor plate forming a bottom wall thereof. The arrestor plate has a spaced series of flame quenching perforations therein through which combustion air upwardly flows into the combustion chamber during firing of the water heater. A shield structure within the combustion chamber overlies the arrestor plate perforations in an upwardly spaced relationship therewith and blocks operating scale on the bottom side of the top combustion chamber wall, and/or a flue extending upwardly from the top combustion chamber wall, from falling on and blocking the combustion air transfer perforations in the flame arrestor plate.

Abstract: Device for heating fluid, comprising: a first section for heating the fluid in which fuel and air are mixed and combusted; a second section for heating the fluid which is disposed substantially in the line of the combustion section and in which a number of pipes for the fluid extend substantially transversely of the flow direction of the combustion gases; and a third section for heating the fluid which is disposed substantially in the line of the second heating section and in which a number of pipes for the fluid extend substantially transversely of the flow direction of the combustion gases, wherein at least a number of the pipes in the third section are provided with ribs or fins enhancing the heat transfer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to heat exchange elements and heat exchange assemblies and water heaters containing such heat exchange elements. The inventive heat exchange elements include an elongated support member or spine, from which extends either a single vane which is the length of the support member of a series of vanes. The heat exchange element is able of be positioned parallel to the longitudinal axis of a flue. The heat exchange element may impart helical motion to the flue gases in one embodiment, but in another embodiment no helical motion is imparted to the flue gases. The embodiment of the invention includes several methods of manufacture of the heat exchange elements. The embodiments of the water heater and heat exchange assembly also disclose the use of a baffle for use in association with the elements, to improve the efficiency of the elements at the upstream end of the water heater.

Abstract: A combination space and hot water heater is comprised of an inner tank having an outer casing spaced therebout with insulation being interposed between the casing and the inner tank. The inner tank has a glass-lined inner surface and a heater is provided within the inner tank for heating a same volume of water within the inner tank. An anode is provided within the inner tank. A closed water circulating circuit is connected to the inner tank for circulating hot water from the tank through heat exchange means connected in the closed water circulating circuit. Preferably, but not exclusively, the heat exchange devices are radiators.

Abstract: A hot water heater having a housing with a top chamber, a bottom chamber and a main tank. A cold water inlet pipe runs into the top chamber and extends into the tank. The cold water inlet pipe coils inward, beginning at circumference of the top chamber before extending into the tank, thus increasing the distance the water has to travel inside the heater. Contrastly, the hot water outlet pipe runs straight from the main tank through the top chamber and exits therefrom. The bottom chamber has a dome shaped ceiling with peaked apertures. A burner is positioned along the bottom surface and produces a flame that sends heated air upward, through the peaked apertures into connected heat distribution tubes which travel vertically through the tank. These tubes are angled along their length and have cylindrical fins attached. Once the heat from the flame rises through the apertures, it continues upward through the tubes, until it is released into the top chamber and exits trough an exhaust chimney.

Abstract: This invention concerns a boiler fitted with a burner suitable for wall heaters or built-in kitchen heaters in which a mantle-shaped heat exchanger made of pipe elements connected in parallel and/or series divides the boiler chamber into a combustion chamber and an exhaust chamber. The heat exchanger has openings for hot flue gases distributed over its mantle. The burner head disposed in the combustion chamber is suitable for burning oil and has a flame tube with an axial flame opening and a flame baffle element disposed at a distance from the flame opening which is constructed so that the flame is diverted into the space between the flame tube and the heat exchanger. In addition, a fire chamber mantle can be disposed between the heat exchanger and the flame tube to protect the heat exchanger from direct contact with the flame.

Abstract: A water heater includes a water tank, a combustion chamber below the tank and communicating with the flue tube, and a flue system. The flue system includes a flue tube, and a cruciform fin metallurgically bonded to the flue tube wall and dividing the flue tube into four flue chambers extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the flue tube. The flue system also includes a removable baffle hanging in each flue chamber. The baffles include adjustable turbulation surfaces to control the quality of combustion in the water heater.

Abstract: A potable water temperature management system includes a device that produces waste heat and that has a primary purpose other than heating potable water. The waste heat from the device is used to heat potable water in a tank. A heat shedding system is activated when the temperature of the potable water in the tank exceeds a selected maximum temperature. An auxiliary energy transfer system may be activated to heat the potable water in the tank when the potable water in the tank falls below a selected minimum temperature. A controller may be used to monitor the temperature of the potable water in the tank and activate either the heat shedding system or the auxiliary energy transfer system based on the potable water temperature.