Abstract: The present invention describes a device for controlling cooling of a heat transfer solid supplying or withdrawing heat to or from a unit carrying out globally endothermic or exothermic reactions respectively. The exchange bundle of said device is in a triangular pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating a process fluid is presented. The apparatus is for improving the foot-print of a fired heater and to reduce the fired heater volume. The apparatus includes a W-shaped process coil to provide for a smaller single-cell fired heater, and a fired heater with a lower profile, providing flexibility in positioning relative to downstream reactors.

Abstract: The invention relates to the nuclear energy field, including systems for passive heat removal from the pressurized water reactor through the steam generator. The invention increases heat removal efficiency, coolant flow stability and system reliability. The system includes at least one coolant circulation circuit comprising a steam generator and a section heat exchanger above the steam generator in the cooling water supply tank and connected to the steam generator through the inlet and outlet pipelines. The heat exchanger is divided into parallel sections wherein L/D?20, L being the half-section length, D being the header bore, and includes an upper and lower header interconnected by heat-exchange tubes, startup valves with different nominal bores are installed on the outlet pipeline. The inlet and outlet pipeline sections of the circulation circuit comprise a set of branched parallel pipelines individually connected to each of the above heat exchanger sections.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising a first additive (i) comprising a quaternary ammonium salt and a second additive (ii) comprising a Mannich reaction product; wherein the quaternary ammonium salt additive (i) is formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): R O O R1 10 (A) and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): 15 N X R3 R2 NHR4 N X R3 R2 [O(CH2)m]nOH (B1) (B2) wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R1 is a C1 to C22 alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; wherein R2 and R3 are the same or different alkyl, alkenyl or aryl groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; X is a bond or alkylene group having from 1 to 20 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1 to C22 alkyl group; and wherein the Mannich reaction product additive (ii) is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (d) an aldehyde; (e) an amine; and25 (f) a substituted phenol; wherein the phe

Abstract: A method of fabricating boiler water walls that includes the steps of forming a subpanel formed of at least one fin and one tube by laser arc welding the at least one fin to the one tube and then laser arc welding a predetermined plurality of subpanels together in a two-dimensional plane by laser arc welding an additional joining element between respective subpanels to form the water wall.

Abstract: The water supply tube for steam generator includes an insert tube portion inserted in a penetration hole of a shell member and a generator internal tube portion connected to the insert tube portion. The generator internal tube portion includes a tubular passage and an effluence tube allowing effluence of cooling water in the tubular passage to a space in a steam generator. The tubular passage includes a first tilted portion in which a side having a greater distance from the insert tube portion along a flow direction is located vertically higher than a side having a smaller distance from the insert tube portion and a second tilted portion which is located with a greater distance from the insert tube portion than the first tilted portion.

Abstract: A continuous steam generator with a combustion chamber having a number of burners for fossil fuel and an outside wall composed of steam generator pipes that are welded to each other gas-tight is provided. A vertical gas flue is connected downstream of the combustion chamber on the hot gas side in an upper area via a horizontal gas flue, wherein a part of the outside wall facing the vertical gas flue and below the horizontal gas flue is inclined inward and thus forms a nose projecting into the combustion chamber with the bottom of the adjacent horizontal gas flue. Support pipes are connected downstream of at least one part of the steam generator pipes of the nose at the upper end thereof on the flow medium side, wherein the support pipes are guided substantially vertically to the lower end of the nose.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fluidized bed heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a plurality of tubes forming a tube bundle. Each tube follows a vertical boustrophedon path. The tubes are supported by at least two vertical supporting devices placed on both sides of the tube bundle. Every vertical supporting device includes at least two vertical supports for fixing the tubes.

Abstract: A furnace of a boiler for a power plant includes an outer water tube section adapted to receive water from the outside and heat the water into hot water (including steam); and an inner water tube section adapted to receive water from the outside and heat the water into hot water (including steam) while allowing the water to be moved upwardly. The outer water tube section is formed in a shape gradually increasing or substantially uniform in diameter from the bottom toward the middle portion M, and gradually decreasing, increasing and decreasing again in diameter from the middle portion M toward the top, and the inner water tube section is formed in a shape gradually decreasing and increasing in diameter from the bottom toward the middle portion M, and gradually decreasing, increasing and decreasing again in diameter from the middle portion M toward the top.

Abstract: A self-sustaining boiler system for generating usable energy and heat without creating pollution. The self-sustaining boiler system includes a boiler capable of generating efficient usable energy and heat, and also includes an exhaust purifying assembly being in fluid communication to the boiler for removing the pollutants from the exhaust generated by the boiler, and further includes a fuel source assembly being in fluid communication to the boiler for providing fuel to the boiler.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam generator (D1, D2) having a first passage, which is formed by one or more pipes (R1, R2) and through which a medium can be conducted in liquid and/or vapour form, and having a second passage (F1, F2), through which a hot gas can be conducted along the outer side of each of the pipes (R1, R2) which form the first passage. Each of the pipes (R1, R2), which form the first passage, of the steam generator (D1, D2) is surrounded by a pressure-resistant casing (M1, M2) which has a heat-insulating coating (W1, W2) on the inner side thereof and through the interior space of which the second passage (F1, F2) runs.

Abstract: The erosion-prone sections of the tubes in a circulating fluidized bed boiler are provided with a locally thickened sidewall without forming discontinuities on the outer surface of the tubes. This can be accomplished, for example, by replacing the erosion prone portion of the tube with a section having a smaller inside diameter, but the same outside diameter, or by replacing the erosion prone portion of the tube with a section having a thicker sidewall, but the same inside diameter, and smoothing over the outside discontinuity with an alloy coating. A useful alloy coating is also disclosed which can be used for this and other applications.

Abstract: An alloy for use as a welding overlay for boiler tubes in a low NOx coal-fired boiler comprising in % by weight: 36 to 43% Cr, 0.2 to 5.0% Fe, 0-2.0% Nb, 0-1% Mo, 0.3 to 1% Ti, 0.5 to 2% Al, 0.005 to 0.05% C, 0.005 to 0.020% (Mg+Ca), 0-1% Mn, 0-0.5% Si, less than 0.01% S, balance substantially Ni and trace additions and impurities. The alloy provides exceptional coal ash corrosion resistance in low partial pressures of oxygen. The alloy also increases in hardness and in thermal conductivity at service temperature over time. The increased hardness improves erosion resistance of the tubes while the increased thermal conductivity improves the thermal efficiency of the boiler and its power generation capabilities.

Abstract: A fluid heater constructed of rectangular tubing through which fluid to be heated is circulated in a circuitous path. The floor and walls of a combustion chamber of the heater are constructed of the rectangular tubing. A tubular coil stack is positioned over the combustion chamber and surrounded by coil stack chamber walls constructed of the rectangular tubing. Consequently, all surfaces of the fluid heater exposed directly to flame are constantly cooled by the fluid to be heated. A combustion unit of the fluid heater is removable to facilitate maintenance.

Abstract: A steam generator (2) is described in which a combustion chamber has at least one combustion chamber wall formed by a plurality of longitudinal furnace tubes (10) for passage of an evaporatable flow medium, connected together in gas-tight manner by tube webs. As will be familiar different tubes are likely to be subjected to a heat input in use that varies when the combustion chamber is fired. The tube bores of the furnace tubes are larger where subject to higher heat input than where subject to lower heat input. In particular the tube bores of the furnace tubes are generally larger in the middle region of the combustion chamber wall than at the transversely peripheral regions of the combustion chamber wall.

Abstract: A furnace tube arrangement for a steam generator is described. A plurality of furnace tubes disposed longitudinally form a generally planar wall structure into which burner throats are let at least two longitudinally spaced levels in familiar manner. Burner throats at the respective levels are so disposed that a vertical mid-line of each throat at a first level is laterally offset from a vertical mid line of a corresponding throat at a second level.

Abstract: A steam generator heating tube repair sleeve has an encircling flange, conical region, and a straight region. The encircling flange merges into a conical region that tapers on the outside in the direction of the other sleeve end and which is adjoined to the straight region. A steam generator heating tube repair method is used to repair a steam generator heating tube that is installed in a steam generator having a defective tube end. The method includes conical milling out of the defective tube end, inserting a steam generator heating tube repair sleeve into the conically milled-out defective tube end, rolling in the steam generator heating tube repair sleeve, and welding the flange region.

Abstract: A double-walled tube includes: a plurality of double-walled tube forming members, each having an inner tube and an outer tube, connected by welding at welding portions of axis direction end portions thereof; and each of the welding portions of the double-walled tube forming members including a groove having a length in an axis direction set to be equal to or greater than ½ of a width of a weld bead formed by the welding at the welding portion.

Abstract: A method for generating steam from a feedwater inlet stream including impurities is disclosed. The method involves receiving the feedwater inlet stream at an inlet of a steam generator and causing the feedwater stream to flow through a tubing circuit to an outlet of the tubing circuit, the tubing circuit having a substantially un-rifled bore defined by a metal wall. The method also involves delivering a heat flux to the feedwater stream through the metal wall of the tubing circuit to generate steam by causing evaporation of feedwater within the tubing circuit, and controlling at least one of a flow rate of the feedwater stream and the heat flux to cause generation of an outlet stream at the outlet includes a steam portion and liquid phase portion, the steam portion being greater than about 80% of the outlet stream by mass. The steam portion provides sufficient cooling of the metal wall to maintain a wall temperature at less than a threshold temperature.

Abstract: In order to protect heat exchanger pipes (1) in steam boiler systems, special casing elements (2) made of fiber-reinforced ceramic are proposed. The casing elements prevent or reduce the formation of films and corrosion on the heat exchanger pipes and thus enable higher steam parameters of the boiler system and a correspondingly increased thermal efficiency.

Abstract: In a heat transfer tube for a steam generator, a surface roughness of an inner surface of the tube is measured along a longitudinal direction and an amount of dimensional variation in a length of 50 mm taken from a measured roughness chart is 4 ?m or less and an amount of bend crookedness in a portion of a length of 1000 mm from a tube end is 1 mm or less. Hence, when the tube is produced, an inspection of the tube by an eddy current flaw detection can be conducted at a high S/N ratio and hence an inspection efficiency can be improved, and when the tube is assembled into a heat exchanger, the assembling operation can be easily performed.

Abstract: A method for producing steam generator tubes is provided. The method is intended to allow a technically particularly simple production process and at the same time allow particularly high flexibility with regards to the materials that may be used to achieve a particularly high efficiency of a steam generator. For this purpose, an insert is fixed in slots of a former shaft, the former shaft with the insert is introduced into a steam generator tube, the fixing of the insert on the former shaft is released and the former shaft is removed again from the steam generator tube.

Abstract: The steam generator includes: a water supply channel for supplying a secondary coolant to a tube bundle outer casing with the secondary coolant being isolated from the recirculating secondary coolant; a recirculating secondary coolant injection section for injecting the recirculating secondary coolant toward a high temperature-side heat transfer tube bundle; and a supplied secondary coolant injection section for injecting the secondary coolant supplied from the water supply channel toward a low temperature-side heat transfer tube bundle. The recirculating secondary coolant injection section and the supplied secondary coolant injection section being disposed in the tube bundle outer casing on the side toward the tube plate. The recirculating secondary coolant injection section and the supplied secondary coolant injection section are defined such that, of the secondary coolant and the recirculating secondary coolant, the coolant having a higher relative flow rate than the other flows at a lower velocity.

Abstract: The present application provides an ice blast cleaning method for a layer of slag on a surface. The ice blast cleaning method may include the steps of maintaining the surface with the layer of slag thereon at an elevated temperature, shooting a number of ice pellets at the layer of slag on the surface, and loosening the layer of slag on the surface via a mechanical impact of the ice pellets on the layer of slag and a thermal shock caused by a temperature differential between the ice pellets and the layer of slag.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a various kinds of boilers including a steam boiler, a hot water boiler, a waste-heat boiler and an exhaust gas boiler. Projections are provided on a heat-transfer tube which connects an upper header and a lower header with each other such that a heat-transfer area pet unit length of the heat-transfer tube becomes smaller in an upstream region than that in a downstream region of combustion gas. It is preferable that installation pitches between adjacent upper and lower projections and/or projecting lengths of the projections from the heat-transfer tube are changed such that the heat-transfer area per unit length of the heat-transfer tube becomes smaller in the upstream region than those in the downstream region of the combustion gas.

Abstract: A first flow passage (R1) in which uncombusted gas (G1) that contains a combustible fuel is injected from a nozzle hole that is smaller than the flame quenching distance at a flow speed to thereby enable flame maintenance is combusted, and thereby enables flow of combustion gas (G2) resulting from such combustion, and a second flow passage (R2) formed about the first flow passage and enabling flow of uncombusted gas supplied through the nozzle hole are provided. According to the present invention, the combustion chamber in a heating apparatus that heats a liquid to be heated is be reduced in size, the flame in the combustion chamber can be stabilized, and energy efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: A high-efficiency hot-water boiler for a heating system of a building is provided. The boiler includes a boiler enclosure that contains a furnace area compartment within an insulated sealed casing, a first watertube compartment within a sealed casing, a second watertube compartment within a sealed casing, and an air-to-air preheat exchanger within a sealed casing. A plurality of separate, closely-spaced watertubes extends within each of the compartments and provides paths for working fluid to flow through the compartments for purposes of transferring heat to the working fluid. A burner is located within the furnace area compartment for combusting an air/gas mixture.

Abstract: A boiler is provided that has an elongate base header, an elongate dome header, and a plurality of separate watertubes each having an intermediate section and opposite end sections. An upper one of the end sections of each watertube is connected to the dome header and a lower one of the end sections of each watertube is connected to the base header such that the intermediate section extends through a combustion chamber of the boiler. The intermediate section of each watertube has a substantially constant outer diameter along its full length and is closely spaced to adjacent watertubes within the combustion chamber. At least one of the end sections of each watertube has a transition that reduces the diameter of the watertube as it extends from the intermediate section to an outwardly-extending circumferential flange. This arrangement permits close spacing of the connection sites of the watertubes to the header and permits the connection sites to be provided in a linear array.

Abstract: A method and device for forming steam with high pressure and a cleaner or iron comprising the device are provided.

Abstract: There is provided a production method of an internally ribbed steel tube, capable of forming spiral ribs stably so as to reduce troubles at the time of cold drawing for forming the spiral ribs of the steel tube. In this production method, the spiral ribs can be formed stably so as to reduce troubles at the time of cold drawing for forming the spiral ribs by straightening bends of a blank tube before the cold drawing for forming the spiral ribs, by optimizing the direction of the spiral rib formation after the bend straightening, and by correcting the drawing schedule depending on the blank tube. The obtained internally ribbed steel tube is well applicable to an increased capacity and a higher temperature/higher pressure operation of a boiler because the steel tube is provided with high formability and excellent quality as a boiler steel tube.

Abstract: A tube shield has a cylindrical shape and adapted to be attached with refractory cement (R) around an outer peripheral surface of a boiler tube (T). The tube shield has at least two tube shield parts for surrounding the boiler tube (T). The shield parts has complimentary parting surfaces for defining a gap between abutting complimentary parting surfaces of adjacent shield parts when the shield parts are attached with refractory cement (R) around the boiler tube (T). Each shield part encloses 140-220° of the total circumference of the boiler tube (T). Each complimentary parting surface is configured in a dovetail form such that one shield part is locking into the other shield part with dovetail protrusions (DP) located in dovetail slots (DS) in the other shield part.

Abstract: A furnace of a boiler for a power plant includes an outer water tube section adapted to receive water from the outside and heat the water into hot water (including steam); and an inner water tube section adapted to receive water from the outside and heat the water into hot water (including steam) while allowing the water to be moved upwardly. The outer water tube section is formed in a shape gradually increasing or substantially uniform in diameter from the bottom toward the middle portion M, and gradually decreasing, increasing and decreasing again in diameter from the middle portion M toward the top, and the inner water tube section is formed in a shape gradually decreasing and increasing in diameter from the bottom toward the middle portion M, and gradually decreasing, increasing and decreasing again in diameter from the middle portion M toward the top.

Abstract: A one-piece tube for use as a watertube within a watertube boiler or heat exchanger has a free end section that is formed to have an integral, outward-extending circumferential ring, or flange, a spaced distance from an adjacent end face of the tube. A boiler is provided that has an elongate header and a plurality of separate watertubes each having an intermediate section and opposite end sections. An end section of each watertube is connected to the header. The intermediate section of each watertube has a substantially constant outer diameter along its full length and is closely spaced to adjacent watertubes within the combustion chamber. At least one of the end sections of each watertube has a transition that reduces the diameter of the watertube as it extends from the intermediate section to an outwardly-extending circumferential flange. This arrangement permits close spacing of the connection sites of the watertubes to the header and permits the connection sites to be provided in a linear array.

Abstract: An economizer for a heat recovery steam generator utilized to improve the efficiency of the Rankine cycle by preheating the water that flows to the evaporator section. The economizer multi-pass sections include up-flow tubes only. This arrangement greatly reduces thermal stresses on the tubes by ensuring that each individual tube in any fluid-flow pass operates at the same or similar temperature. The design of the invention does this by causing all tubes in any fluid-flow pass to have the same upwards fluid flow direction and similar fluid flow velocity. No unstable backflow (i.e. flow in the reverse direction) occurs in any of the tubes. Heated down-flow tube sections are totally eliminated in this design. Respective jumper pipes are provided to conduct the water from the top of an economizer panel to the bottom of an adjacent panel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an instantaneous steam boiler generating steam in a steam cleaner, a steam-vacuum cleaner, a steam iron, etc. The instantaneous steam boiler has a substantially short traveling path of water against the formation of fur by insertedly molding a separate flow tube while being in contact with a U-shaped heater.

Abstract: The device and the method for forming steam are used for household appliance. Principle: water enters into the heated spiral tube chamber through the inner end of the spiral tube chamber; water contacts the side wall of the spiral tube chamber, and is vaporized, then diffused along the spiral tube chamber; part of the water droplets diffuses with vapor, and contacts the side wall of the spiral tube chamber gradually, then is vaporized; vapor is obtained from the outer end of the spiral tube chamber. In one word, the invention provides a method to obtain “dry” steam which doesn't contain water. It is more efficient than other facilities.

Abstract: A tube wall, division wall, or wing wall section (10) for a circulating fluidized bed boiler with improved erosion resistant characteristics has a reduced diameter tube section (40) adjacent the refractory covered by an abrasion resistant refractory tile (60). The refractory tile (60) is mounted to the reduced diameter tube section (40) with the upper edge of the refractory tile outside of or not extending beyond a solids fall line of solids in the fluidized bed to eliminate exposed discontinuities.

Abstract: Device for heating fluid, comprising: a first section for heating the fluid in which fuel and air are mixed and combusted; a second section for heating the fluid which is disposed substantially in the line of the combustion section and in which a number of pipes for the fluid extend substantially transversely of the flow direction of the combustion gases; and a third section for heating the fluid which is disposed substantially in the line of the second heating section and in which a number of pipes for the fluid extend substantially transversely of the flow direction of the combustion gases, wherein at least a number of the pipes in the third section are provided with ribs or fins enhancing the heat transfer.

Abstract: An improved process and article of manufacture to advance heater performance and reduce the cost of delayed coker charge heaters. Such improved performance is realized by routing delayed coker feedstock through a double row, double fired, heating conduit thus creating a channel to contain previously heated flue gas and resulting in the introduction of downflow, backside convective heat transfer to the interior portion of the heating conduit. When replacing the present art's single row coker tubes with the double row heating conduit afforded by the instant invention, the backside convective heat transfer introduced to the interior portion of the heating conduit eliminates the necessity of double firing the present art's single row coker heater tubes to achieve similar results.

Abstract: The system uses principal radial tubes 4 which connect an inner, central arc 3 to an outer arc 2. A plurality of branches 5 emerge from these tubes 4 and then assume a radial geometry, forming secondary radial tubes which extend as far as the said outer arc 2. The system rests freely on the bottom of the tank.

Abstract: An improved process and article of manufacture to effectuate pressure reduction in a delayed coker charge heater's radiant heat section outlet and feedstock process coil, by upflowing coker feedstock through a single or double row, single or double fired, feedstock process coil. The innovative upflowing of coker feedstock as disclosed by the present invention allows BFW/Steam injection and vaporizing hydrocarbons to rise in the same flow direction as the coker feedstock, resulting in an enhanced mixing of fluid film and coker feedstock. Such enhanced mixing, in turn, increases heat transfer rates to the feedstock. As coker charge heater burners are commonly located in the bottom of the heater, the lower portion of the heater is typically the location of highest processing temperatures and tube side fouling.