Abstract: This invention relates to a natural gas fired water boiler having a spirally wrapped finned heat exchanger surrounding a burner. The center of the heat exchanger being plugged by a metal core having a constantly reducing diameter truncated cone top.

Abstract: Apparatus for heating fluid, comprising a first supply for supplying fuel, a second supply for supplying oxidizing agent, a burner for combusting fuel and oxidizing agents after mixing thereof and a first heat exchanger to be heated by flue gases of the burner and arranged belically round the burner.

Abstract: A combustion and heating chamber into which a fluid is pumped under pressure is provided. A burner is positioned in the combustion and heating chamber to provide a heat load to the pressurized fluid in the chamber. As the fluid is heated its internal pressure is greatly raised providing a force for driving the heated air through a spiral conduit that encircles the combustion and heating chamber. An insulated outer wall is fitted around the spiral conduit and in contact with it. The individual wraps of the spiral conduit do not lay side by side, but are spaced apart. Relatively cool process air is drawn into the spaces between the separate wraps of the spiral conduit, which is thereby formed as a second spiral space intertwined with the spiral conduit between the combustion and heating chamber wall and the outer wall. The process fluid is therefore in contact with the walls of the spiral conduit.

Abstract: A combustion burner includes a housing secured to the top of a water heater, a gas tube in fluid communication with a source of gas and depending vertically from the housing and positioned within a heat exchange tube of the water heater. The An ignition assembly depends vertically from the top of the housing through the gas tube and into the heat exchange tube. An angled nozzle, extending from the housing, transports air from an air blower through the housing and into an annulus defined between the exterior of the annular chamber and the interior of the heat exchange tube. A deflector plate having a first and second series of slots and adjacent louvers effects the mixture of the gas and air in the interior of the heat exchange tube and enables the production of a long narrow flame within the heat exchange tube.

Abstract: This invention relates to a natural gas fired water boiler having a spirally wrapped finned heat exchanger surrounding a burner. The center of the heat exchanger being plugged by a metal core having a constantly reducing diameter truncated cone top.

Abstract: A commercial water heater apparatus, including a housing, a radial-fired burner within the housing, a single continuous, multiple loop, finned coil tubing heat exchanger for circulating water around the burner, having at least a first set of inner coils forming a coil trough therebetween and a second set of outer coils nested within the coil trough formed by the inner set of coils, the outer set of coils forming a second coil trough around the exterior thereof, and a coil baffle interposed in the second exterior trough for deflecting heat adjacent to the second set of coils.

Abstract: This invention relates to a natural gas fire water boiler having a spirally wrapped finned heat exchanger surrounding a burner. The center of the heat exchanger being plugged by a core having a constantly reducing diameter truncated cone top.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is disclosed including an annular lower manifold to which a cold-water intake through which cold water comes is connected; an annular upper manifold to which a hot-water exit through which hot water is discharged is connected; a plurality of coil-shaped heat exchange tubes connected between the lower and upper manifolds; an inner liner for embracing the plurality of coil-shaped heat exchange tubes on the inner surface thereof; and an outer liner for embracing the plurality of coil-shaped heat exchange tubes on the outer surface thereof, the inner and outer liners forming a path of burned gas.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for cyclonic combustion with ultra-low pollutant emissions and high efficiency wherein a fuel and primary combustion air mixture is tangentially injected into a reducing primary combustion zone of a cyclonic combustor. The primary combustion air is injected into the reducing primary combustion zone in an amount equal to between about 30% and about 90% of a stoichiometric requirement for complete combustion of the fuel. Secondary combustion air is tangentially injected into an oxidizing secondary combustion zone of the cyclonic combustor, in an amount equal to between about 10% and about 90% of the stoichiometric requirement for complete combustion of the fuel. Primary combustion products from the reducing primary combustion zone are mixed with the tangentially injected secondary air for completing combustion within the oxidizing secondary combustion zone.

Abstract: A tubular furnace uses a fluid to be heated which is prevented from coking or a heating tube which is prevented from burning. Heat is provided through a smaller heat transfer area and problems of corrosion at low temperature of the heating pipe in the tubular furnace due to sulfur content in the fuel are solved, to thereby achieve a high efficiency. A coil path(3) is divided into a plurality of zones(2a,2b,2c,2d), each with at least one regenerative-heating-type alternate combustion system(4). The system supply combustion air to burners(5,6) through regenerative beds(7,7) and the discharge of combustion gas therefrom. Combustion is independently controlled in each zone to create a desired heat flux pattern such that a boundary layer temperature of the fluid to be heated in the zones(2a,2b,2c,2d) of the coil path(3) is lower than a coking temperature or lower than an allowable maximum temperature to be determined by the material of the heating pipe.

Abstract: A watertube boiler system is disclosed which provides a plurality of radiant burners mounted within a housing in parallel, spaced-apart relationship. Individual burners are encircled by heat cells comprised of watertube coils which are in tangential juxtaposed relationship achieving a high view factor to the burner surfaces. Premixed fuel and air combusts on the outer surfaces of the burners which radiate energy to the tubes forming the heat cells. The ratio of combustion surface area to heat cell volume is within an optimum range for minimizing NOX and CO emissions.

Abstract: A fluid heater and method are disclosed for heating a heat transfer fluid flowing within a heater tube using reradiative and convective heat transfer while avoiding direct flame impingement on the heater tube. The heater tube is separated from the flame by a heat shield that cools the flame temperature and reradiates heat energy to the heater tube. The combustion products are directed around the shield and into contact with the heater tube.

Abstract: A device for indirectly heating fluids, particularly for high temperature processes, includes a heating space in which at least one tube coil is arranged. The tube coil is constructed in a planar manner and the fluid to be heated can be conducted through the tube coil. Heat radiators act from the outside on the tube coil. The heat radiators have a heat radiation surface shaped corresponding to the planar extension of the tube coil. The heat radiators are arranged on opposite sides of the tube coil. Longitudinal ribs are provided on two opposite sides of the tube of the tube coil with respect to the tube cross section.

Abstract: A multiple boiler has at least two separate heating systems incorporated therein. Whereas boilers with two heating supplies have been known, they have been complicated systems that require heating to occur outside a water tank. The multiple boiler has an insulated water tank with a heater to heat the water in the tank without circulating water outside the tank. At least one circulating coil is located in the tank in heat exchange relationship with water in the tank.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger fueled by a metal-corroding heating gas, the use of a replaceable aluminum plug component which, because of its chemical affinity, corrodes first to thereby obviate the corroding of other non-replaceable metal components, to thereby contribute to eliminating malfunctioning due to corrosion. The construction of the plug also contributes to the heat transferring efficiency of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A tankless hot water heating coil assembly is releasably sealed in place with respect to the fire tube of a boiler: by extending a tubular tankless sleeve up from an opening through a top plate of the boiler; by positioning an O-Ring type seal atop an upper edge of the tankless sleeve by forming a groove in the O-Ring type seal and positioning the groove around the upper edge of the tankless sleeve; and by extending threaded fasteners through openings in a tankless coil plate which carries the tankless coil assembly and through tubular fastener positioning members secured about and to the outer wall of the tankless sleeve proximate the upper edge thereof.

Abstract: An economical, efficient, compact furnace is provided with horizontal radiant furnace tubes that extend along all the walls of the furnace for uniform heat distribution and load. The furnace is particularly useful in oil refineries and petrochemical plants. The furnace also has a special pattern of burners for safer, more effective heat transfer.

Abstract: A gas-to-liquid heat exchanger formed by winding circular finned tubing into a helical coil has bare tubing wrapped around the coil such that it nests between adjacent turns of the finned tubing. Fittings at the inlets and outlets of both coils distribute the liquid stream so that a portion flows through each coil. The fan tube coil acts as a cooled baffle which directs the hot gas stream flowing over the finned tubes so that it contacts a greater portion of the finned tube external surface area at high velocity and increases the heat transfer effectiveness. Because the baffle is cooled, its temperature remains close to that of the finned tubing. This protects the baffle and eliminates differential expansion which could cause the baffle to fall off or loosen during operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas-heated or kerosene-heated boiler for warm water, hot water or for steam generation having a substantially horizontal cylindrical combustion chamber defined and surrounded by a flue tube (1) consisting of a plurality of annular ring tubes (b 2) that are arranged in succession for conveying a suitable heat carrier and are held together by means of annular distance strips (3). At least some of the annular ring tubes have different inner cross sections and/or are arranged in a manner of having different, unequal spacing distances one to the next. Thus, a substantially uniform main diameter of the flue tube (1) is maintained, and despite of this, the flow of heat carrier circulated is harmonized with the thermal load which is non-equally distributed along the axis of the combustion chamber, resulting in improved utilization of the heat energy radiation at substantially constant wall temperature along the flue tube (1).

Abstract: An advanced compact heater which includes a radiant section of tube coils nested about a plurality of tiers of vertically spaced-apart fiber matrix burners. Each burner is comprised of a hollow cylindrical shell of a fiber matrix material with an oval cross-section of optimum height-to-width aspect ratio and a long length-to-height aspect ratio. A process fluid or water is directed through the radiant coil of tubes disposed in vertical arrays on opposite sides of the burner tiers. Pre-mixed fuel and air flamelessly combusts on the active sections of the burner surfaces permitting narrow burner-to-coil spacing with a compact heater size and reduced capital cost in relation to the heat input rating. Exhaust from the burners flows in heat exchange relationship past tube coils in a convective section for extraction of residual heat.

Abstract: An instantaneous demand gas fired hot water heater apparatus having the water temperature sensing thermostat disposed in the upper hot water outlet header with the inlet flow of unheated water directed to flow in a preferred flow path across the temperature sensing element. The temperature sensing element location in the upper header of the heater provides an extremely sensitive and efficient burner control. Upon initial output demand of hot water the lower temperature of the unheated water is immediately sensed by the temperature sensing element to immediately commence burner operation. Upon termination of heater water demand, the heated water temperature is rapidly sensed by the temperature sensing element to promptly terminate the supply of the gas to the burner and minimize unnecessary heating of the water.

Abstract: A flash boiler or steam generator includes a shell defining a combustion chamber. A coil bank is mounted adjacent to the combustion chamber and includes an inner coil defining a heat absorption chamber. An intermediate coil is positioned in the chamber surrounding the inner coil. An outer coil surrounds the intermediate coil. The outer coil is in serial communication with a source of fluid and with the inner coil. The inner coil is in serial communication with the intermediate coil and the intermediate coil communicates with an outlet. To limit pressure drop through and increase heat transfer by the coils, the diameter of the inner coil is larger than the diameter of the outer coil and the diameter of the intermediate coil is larger than the diameter of the inner coil. To further increase the heat absorption efficiency of the coil bank, an extended surface is defined on at least a portion of the outer coil.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is formed of a pair of concentrically arranged cylindrical shells, closed at each end to define a chamber through which water can pass. A combustion element extends into the inner shell from one end along the axis thereof and is connected to a source of heat such as a gas/air mixture which ignites in the combustion element causing the radiation of heat outwardly from the combustion element. The inner shell is formed of a corrugated wall which may be formed as a single corrugation comprising a continuous helix along the length thereof or a plurality of undulations extending along the length of the cylinder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas instantaneous water heater for use in boats or recreational vehicles comprising a housing divided into a large upper portion and a small lower portion. A gas valve and electric filament lighter are controlled by an electronic module which opens the gas valve and ignites the gas in response to a signal from a sensor capable of sensing water flow or a pressure drop. The heater employs a photoelectric flame sensor and a thermal override switch to shut off the gas in the event the igniter fails to ignite the gas or if the water temperature is excessively high.

Abstract: A fired heater incorporating radiant tube sections in the combustion chamber. Radiant burners mounted in the chamber side walls combust reactants flamelessly and transfer thermal energy inwardly to the radiant section tubes. Certain of the embodiments include tube coils forming convection sections with gaseous products of combustion flowing in heat exchange relationship with the convection section tubes after which they are channeled into a flue.

Abstract: A fired heater for a coal liquefaction process is constructed with a heat transfer tube having U-bends at regular intervals along the length thereof to increase the slug frequency of the multi-phase mixture flowing therethrough to thereby improve the heat transfer efficiency.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger of the type in which hot exhaust gases transfer heat to water or the like flowing through a helical heat exchange coil, the use, as a significant improvement to the efficiency of the heat exchange occurring therebetween, of a conduit for the water having external helical fluting such that the hot gases circulate along two paths, rather than only one, and thus are more effectively able to transfer heat to the water.

Abstract: A light weight self-cleaning safety flash system power generator is devised wherein: a plenum is formed enclosing a low pressurized combustion process, a light weight low pressure heat exchanger capable of safely receiving a fluid at low pressure for massive latent heat absorption; at nearly its boiling temperature this fluid is forced into the upper zone of the combustion process in at least a single safety high pressure tube for providing a safe high pressure heat exchanger formed as convolutions around the combustion zone always leading its fluid in a downward flow manner providing a cleaning and entraining action without leaving any pockets of sediment and always absorbing heat energy and finally reaching a throttle valve for flashing its energy as steam or gas pressure into its engine; the insignificant pollution passing harmlessly much as the carbon and ash pass through the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: There is provided a heat exchanger apparatus comprising a plurality of mutually identical heat exchanger coils. Each coil has the shape of a cup. The coils are placed in close relationship on both sides of a base plate which blocks a flow channel. The base plate exhibits a plurality of orifices, and a coil is placed over each orifice with its rim in contact with the base plate and surrounding the edge of the orifice, but only one coil is assigned to each orifice. Adjacent coils on opposite sides of the base plate are stagger so that their rims overlap each other without covering any part of the orifice assigned to the adjacent coil on the opposite side of the base plate.

Abstract: A boiler or vapor generator using catalytic combustion of hydrocarbons to evaporate a fluid passed through pipes operates in accordance with the principles of U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,908,602 and 3,952,707 and comprises vertically disposed catalyst elements within a thermally insulated housing. The space between the catalyst elements, which face one another, is occupied by a pair of coiled tubes which are superposed so as to be imbricated in one another. The tube coils shield the catalyst elements from radiation interchange of heat. The two coiled tubes are connected with a lower supply tube and an upper collector and are traversed by the liquid to be vaporized and heated so as to form a wall without interstices between the catalyst panels.

Abstract: A fluid heater which includes a housing having a curved outer wall and two flat walls with a tangential inlet for hot gas in the curved wall, and a central outlet for exhaust gas in one flat wall, and having within it a stack of flat helices of tubing for carrying the fluid to be heated in a plurality of parallel paths, and with a first fluid passageway connecting from the outside of the housing to the inner turn of each helix, and a second fluid passageway connecting from the outside of the housing to the outer turn of each helix, and with the first fluid passageway being positioned between adjacent helices to be in contact with the tubes of adjacent helices, correspondingly located with respect to the first passageways of other helices, and bending toward the inner turn of each helix in the direction of hot gas flow from the periphery toward the center of the housing is disclosed.

Abstract: A heater for heating a multiphase feedstock in which a single tube or multiple tube passes are disposed in a housing and bent into a series of contiguous loops arranged in substantially horizontally disposed superposed layers. Each layer consists of two substantially parallel straight portions respectively connecting the corresponding ends of two curved portions. A plurality of burners are provided in the housing for heating the feedstock as it passes through the entire length of the tube.

Abstract: A generally cylindrical housing containing a burner underlying a fluid conduit formed to provide a plurality of interconnected concentric helical coils, the outermost coil having a lower end portion projection below the lower ends of the inner coils. A reticulate baffle, in underlying engagement with the lower end of an inner coil, cooperates with the lower end portion of the outermost coil to define a combustion chamber, the baffle permitting flow of gases of combustion upwardly therethrough but retaining most of the burner flame within the combustion chamber. The fluid conduit and its mounting structure are arranged for easy removal from the housing and replacement therein.

Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of a heater for heating a fluid using hot products of combustion, a second heat exchanger is connected to a first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger absorbing primarily radiant heat from the hot products of combustion and the second heat exchanger absorbing primarily convected heat from the hot products of combustion. The hot products of combustion either pass through an array of parallel tubes in the second heat exchanger, or the second heat exchanger is inserted into the end of the first heat exchanger.

Abstract: A boiler device comprises a cold water input for supplying cold water through a feed water heating system. A bottom ring is spaced from and positioned below the heating system for producing uniform distribution of feed water. A delivery pipe supplies heated water from the heating system to the bottom ring. The delivery pipe extends from the heating system to a point spaced from and above the bottom ring. A generating coil system is provided above the bottom ring for heating water supplied from the bottom ring and producing steam. A superheater coil system is provided above the generating coil system for superheating steam. Incline headers between the generating coil system and the superheater coil system supply steam from the generating coil system to the superheater coil system. A standpipe supplies superheated steam from the superheater coil system to an upper ring above the superheater coil system for storing superheated steam.

Abstract: A steam producing device is operative to discharge high velocity steam for use in steam cleaning and includes a burner positioned within a housing and supplying heat to a plurality of generally coaxial, fluid containing coils including a warming coil, a closely wound wall cooling or intermediate coil, a preheat coil and a final heat coil. The warming coil is located within the wall cooling coil and discharges thereinto near the upper end of the housing. The wall cooling coil discharges near burner level into the preheat coil which conically decreases in diameter toward the upper end of the housing where it connects to the final heat coil. The final heat coil descends toward the burner and terminates in connection with a nozzle bearing discharge hose.