Abstract: A viscous heater is provided which can securely inhibit a viscous fluid from leaking even after extended use. For instance, the heater is provided with a shaft-sealing apparatus which seals a driving shaft between a heat-generating chamber and a bearing apparatus. The shaft-sealing apparatus is arranged so that it is cooled by a front water jacket which is disposed adjacent to it.

Abstract: An automobile heating system adapted for being incorporated in an automobile climate control system and being mounted on an engine housing within an engine compartment of an automobile without occupying a large space. The automobile heating system may be manufactured at low cost, and satisfactorily heats the passenger cabin of the automobile and enables the engine to quickly warm up after the start of the engine. The automobile heating system is provided with an auxiliary heat source integrally combined with one of the auxiliary machines including an idler, a power steering hydraulic pump or an alternator.

Abstract: A viscous fluid type heat generator adapted for being incorporated in a heating system has front and rear housings in which a heat generating chamber containing therein a viscous fluid and a heat receiving chamber permitting a heat exchanging liquid to flow therethrough. The heat generator also has a drive shaft rotatably supported by an anti-friction bearing unit and having mounted thereon a rotor element rotating in the heat generating chamber to apply a shearing action by which the viscous fluid generates heat absorbed by the heat exchanging liquid flowing in the heat receiving chamber. The heat generator has an intermediate substance unit arranged between the heat generating chamber and the anti-friction bearing unit so as to provide a thermal isolation therebetween. The intermediate substance unit may be a shaft sealing unit, a closed vacant chamber or a combination of the shaft sealing unit and the closed vacant chamber.

Abstract: A viscous heater is provided which can be manufactured readily and less expensively. For instance, it includes a rear housing 6 which is constituted by a rear plate 2 and a rear housing body 3. The rear plate 2, the rear housing body 3 and a front housing 1 are overlapped and fastened by a through bolt 5, and thereby a rear water jacket RW is formed by the rear plate 2 and the rear housing body 3.

Abstract: A viscous fluid type heat generator is provided with a case unit having a front case and a rear case and has an inner surface defining a heat generating chamber, a heat receiving chamber formed in at least one of the front case and the rear case so as to extend contiguously with the heat generating chamber to form a heat exchanging fluid passage through which a heat exchanging fluid is circulated, a drive shaft supported for rotation in a bearing on the front case, a rotor element mounted on the drive shaft for rotation together with the drive shaft in the heat generating chamber, a viscous fluid filling up a space between the inner surface of the case defining the heating chamber and the outer surface of the rotor for heat generation by the rotation of the rotor element, and a connecting unit for connecting the rotor element to the drive shaft so that the rotor element is unable to turn relative to the drive shaft but is able to incline to the axis of the drive shaft and to move axially on the drive shaft.

Abstract: A heating apparatus draws in a liquid medium through a motor driven, high pressure pump, the liquid medium is greatly increased in pressure and temperature through frictional heating thereof and then the liquid medium is discharged in a heated, reduced pressure state for use directly or for heat exchange with another fluid. A method of utilizing the heating apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A viscous fluid type heat generator adopted for being incorporated in a heating system of an automobile has a generally cylindrical hollow housing assembly in which a rotor element in the shape of an axially elongated hollow cylindrical element is rotatably received by being supported on a rotating drive shaft. The elongated rotor element has an outer circumference and end faces to cooperate with an inner wall of the housing assembly to define a heat generating chamber filled with viscous fluid, and a spiral heat receiving chamber hermetically separated from the heat generating chamber and permitting heat exchanging liquid to spirally flow therein to thereby receive heat from the heat generating chamber. The outer circumference of the elongated rotor element has a radius R and an axial length L designed so as to have such a relationship that L is larger than R.

Abstract: A heating device for motor vehicles, in particular a supplementary heating device for motor vehicles with a fluid-cooled internal combustion engine. The heating device operates according to the principle of fluid friction; a rotor that rotates in a working chamber, which chamber is completely filled with viscous fluid, is driven by an engine of the vehicle. As the rotor rotates, the viscous fluid emits its heat to a coolant, preferably the cooling water of the internal combustion engine. This heating device is switched on and off by an electromagnetic clutch which connects and disconnects the rotor to the drive engine of the vehicle. This heating device is of simple design, operates reliably, is maintenance-free and can be switched on and off precisely. The heating device can be mounted in the vehicle as desired, shortens the warming-up phase, in particular in the case of diesel engines, and can be used as a heating device even with hybrid drives.

Abstract: An apparatus which uses friction to generate heat for heating liquids. The apparatus includes a cylindrical rotor disk housed inside a close-fitting housing structure. The rotor disk is connected to the shaft of a motor which turns the rotor disk at high revolutions inside the rotor chamber of the housing structure. The rotor disk has a plurality of curved, outward radiating, closed-end passageways formed therein. During operation, liquid flows into the housing structure via an inlet port which fills the rotor chamber of the housing structure and the curved passageways in the rotor disk. When the rotor disk is rotated at high speeds, the liquid located inside the curved passageways is pulled outward by centrifugal forces which creates a vacuum therein. When the vacuum becomes sufficient, the liquid "cracks" or boils at a low temperature. The resulting vapor formed inside the curved passageway suddenly forces the liquid remaining inside the curved passageway outward and exit at relatively high speed.

Abstract: A friction heater is provided which includes a rotor which rotates relative to a stator to generate heat which is transferred to a wall of a tank which contains a quantity of liquid to be heated. The outer surface of the stator and a surface of the tank are smooth surfaces which are in contact with each other substantially throughout their extent so that virtually no heat is lost at the interface between such surfaces. Baffles are provided in the tank to increase the dwell time of the liquid flowing through the tank.

Abstract: A system for the heating of fluids by causing severe turbulence of the fluid within a cavity of a housing. The device utilizes a rotor closely received within a cavity, the rotor mounted upon a rotatable shaft, with the surface of the rotor provided with a plurality of uniformly-spaced recesses oriented at a selected angle to the surface. The shaft is journalled in bearing assemblies and seal units at end walls of the housing, and the shaft is rotated by any suitable motive means. The heated fluid then is stored in any suitable storage facility, or utilized for any desired purpose. The system is specifically described for the purpose of heating water. This heated water is for standard use in a facility and, if desired, to provide heat input to air within that facility. Several embodiments of the conversion unit are given together with system elements to provide desired control of the heating of the water and of the facility. The preferred conversion unit has readily replaceable bearing assemblies.

Abstract: A heater for heating liquid by friction includes a rotor rotatable within a housing filled with liquid, the rotor having passages arranged to expel liquid through friction orifices by centrifugal force from a pair of inlet cavities on opposite sides of the rotor. The outlets of the passages lie in a common plane on the periphery of the rotor whereas the inlets of alternate passages open alternately into the respective inlet cavities. The housing has a plurality of outlets lying in the plane of the rotor outlets with one of the housing outlets leading to a heat utilization device while the other housing outlets are connected to by-pass passages leading back into the housing through the side or sides thereof. The constant in-flow from the by-pass passages virtually eliminates cavitation while the pre-heated liquid in the passages adds to the heat of the liquid in the housing otherwise frictionally heated by rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an auxiliary power unit for use with a vehicle, typically a truck. The truck has a cab and a sleeper to which the auxiliary power unit provides auxiliary air conditioning and heating. The truck also has a cab evaporator, a sleeper evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and a plurality of refrigerant lines, a cab heater, a sleeper heater, and a plurality of coolant lines. The auxiliary power unit has an auxiliary evaporator and a plurality of auxiliary refrigerant lines. The auxiliary evaporator is arranged in series with the sleeper evaporator and the sleeper heater. The auxiliary refrigerant lines are separate and distinct from the truck's plurality of refrigerant lines. The auxiliary power unit also has a plurality of auxiliary coolant lines which are interconnected with the truck's plurality of coolant lines.

Abstract: A climate control system incorporated in a motor vehicle having a hydraulic pump directly driven by a vehicle engine to deliver a working oil under pressure to be supplied to either a hydraulic motor for driving a refrigerant compressor of an air-conditioning system or a heat conversion unit of the heating system via a hydraulic flow control valve for controlling the flow direction of the working oil. The air-conditioning system has an evaporator for cooling the air supplied to the vehicle compartment. In the heat conversion unit of the heating system, pressure energy of the working oil is converted to thermal energy thereof by which the engine cooling water is heated to thereby heat the air supplied to the vehicle compartment via a radiator unit made of a heater core.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a motor crane includes a heating circuit and a refrigerating circuit The heating circuit comprises a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic pump, a radiator and a valve mechanism causing a pressure difference in the hydraulic oil flowing therethrough. The refrigerating circuit includes a compressor connected to the hydraulic motor and a condenser having a fan for forcing air thereover. The heating circuit is at least partially disposed in an air path in which the condenser is disposed. When the hydraulic oil bypasses the valve mechanism, a control device turns the fan on if the refrigerating circuit is not operating, and the temperature of the hydraulic oil sensed by the sensor reaches a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A water brake which uses mechanical power to kinetically heat water to vapor or steam, and use thereof as a steam generator or cooling water conserving dynamometer or motion retarder. In the simplest embodiment, radial impeller vanes (5b) throw water against stator vanes (6e), whence the water rebounds to the impeller (5). The peripheral rebounding movement continues back and forth. Power dissipates as heat in the water causing the water to increase in temperature and to vaporize. The vapor, being lower in density and viscosity than is the water, flows to and out a central outlet (9) while the denser water is centrifugally separated from the vapor and retained in the peripheral rebounding motion. Water leaving as vapor is continually replaced through a cooling water inlet (8), allowing continuous operation over wide ranges of speed, torque, power, and steam generation rates, both at steady state and at controlled rates of change.

Abstract: A unique heat exchange system is disclosed in which pulses pressurized fluid are directed into a vessel. The pulsed fluid preferably cavitates within the vessel, generating heat in the fluid. That heat is then directed to a downstream heat exchange structure where it heats a second fluid medium. The pulses of fluid are cyclically controlled by a control valve to optimize the cavitation within the vessel.

Abstract: Devices for heating fluids. The devices employ a cylindrical rotor which features surface irregularities. The rotor rides a shaft which is driven by external power means. Fluid injected into the device is subjected to relative motion between the rotor and the device housing, and exits the device at increased pressure and/or temperature. The device is thermodynamically highly efficient, despite the structural and mechanical simplicity of the rotor and other compounds. Such devices accordingly provide efficient, simply, inexpensive and reliable sources of heated water and other fluids for residential and industrial use.

Abstract: A unique heat exchange system is disclosed in which pulses pressurized fluid are directed into a vessel. The pulsed fluid preferably cavitates within the vessel, generating heat in the fluid. That heat is then directed to a downstream heat exchange structure where it heats a second fluid medium. The pulses of fluid are cyclically controlled by a control valve to optimize the cavitation within the vessel.

Abstract: A single nonfired heat source, such as a diesel engine, drives a hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump in turn is coupled in a hydraulic circuit with a back-pressure valve which loads the hydraulic pump and hence the diesel engine. The engine also circulates a heat exchanging fluid, such as engine coolant through a second circuit. Water or engine coolant is circulated through the second circuit by means of a pump driven by the diesel engine. An exhaust gas heat exchanger coupled to the exhaust gases from the engine may also be included within the water coolant, the exhaust gases or both, and is then transferred to noncirculating deicing fluid in a storage tank. Heat developed within the hydraulic circuit which loads the engine is also transferred to the noncirculating fluid in the storage tank.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for vehicles includes a hydraulic circuit having a hydraulic motor and a radiator and a refrigerating circuit having a compressor connected to the hydraulic motor and an evaporator disposed in an air conditioning air duct. The system includes a first pump supplying oil to the hydraulic motor and a second pump supplying the oil to the radiator disposed in the air conditioning air duct. A clutch controls the connection of the hydraulic motor and the compressor. A valve is provided between the second pump and the radiator for generating a pressure difference in the oil between the entrance and exit sides of the valve in order to raise the temperature of the oil. A switching mechanism switches the flow of the oil between a first pathway where the valve is located and a second pathway.

Abstract: A device for heating air includes at least one rotatable disc pressed against at least one stationary disc and rotatably driven by a drive motor having variable speed. The friction between the discs generates heat that is taken up by a circulating fluid. A fan generates a current of air that takes up the heat from the fluid in a heat exchanger. A proportioning temperature regulated speed control senses the difference between a preset temperature and the air temperature and regulates the speed of the drive motor proportionally so that the greater the difference the faster the disc rotates and the more frictional heat is generated. The discs are made of special metal in thin section for enhanced heat transfer and reduced weight. The metal has high tensile strength at high temperature and special abrasion and temperature resistant coating for reduced wear and maintenance.

Abstract: A single stage energized fluid-flywheel comprises two concentric housings defining a main circulation chamber and an annular recirculation chamber surrounding the main circulation chamber. An axially extending shaft is rotatably mounted in the outer housing and has a series of blades mounted thereon. Upon rotation of the shaft, fluid is drawn by the blades into the inlet end of the main circulation chamber. The fluid is propelled from one series of blades to the next until it is discharged from the outlet end. The fluid is then redirected around the inner housing and recirculated through the recirculation chamber. The fluid, being constantly recirculated within the device will increase in speed or maintain the existing speed with relatively minimal force being applied to rotate the axially extending shaft. Toroidal shaped flow deflectors at opposing ends of the fluid flywheel facilitate smooth transition of fluid from the main circulation chamber to the recirculation chamber and vice versa.

Abstract: A heating system for an occupant space of a power vehicle with a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine comprises a heating unit including a chamber, an element accommodated in the chamber and rotatable by an internal combustion engine, an immovable structural part forming at least one gap with the element, the chamber being filled with a viscous liquid and rinsed by a cooling liquid of the internal combustion engine, a heat exchanger arranged in the occupant space of the power vehicle, and means for supplying the cooling liquid from the heating device to the heat exchanger and from there through the internal combustion engine back to the heating device.

Abstract: The device operates with an internal combustion engine (1) and utilizes the combustion heat of the same. In addition to the heat of the cooling water exiting from the engine (1), the exhaust gases are transferred to a water circuit in an exhaust gas heat exchanger (4). The mechanical performance of the engine (1) is, through the direct application of a hydraulic brake (14), almost completely changed into thermal energy, and the heat thus produced is likewise conducted to the water circuit. The water heated is conducted through a vaporizing unit (7), where it brings the cryogenic fluid conducted in a pipe coil (25) or in a pipe assembly to vaporization.

Abstract: An impeller for frictionally heating liquid is arranged that upon rotation thereof in a liquid reservoir, liquid is forced from the exterior of the impeller through passages having restricted orifices therein to an inner outlet cavity closed on one side and having an axial opening on the other. The impeller not only heats the liquid due to the shear friction of the liquid with its outer surface, but the liquid flowing through these passages is further heated as it is forced through the orifices. The impeller serves both as a friction heater and a pump to circulate heated liquid through an outlet port in the housing to a heat utilization device and back to an inlet port.

Abstract: This invention utilizes a combustionless heat source wherein a vaned rotor having efficiently designed vanes is rotatably supported within a cavity inside a cylindrically-shaped, cast aluminum block. The vaned rotor is rotated by connection to a power source and thereby imparts mechanical energy of motion to a heat transfer fluid encased within the cavity. Frictional forces developed by agitated molecules of the fluid convert the mechanical energy of motion into heat. The heat thus generated moves uniformly throughout the cylindrically-shaped block and heat transfer fluid is circulated through a circumferential passageway contiguous to substantially all of the outer cylindrical surface of the block and absorbs the heat generated inside the cavity. The heated fluid is then conducted to a remote heat transfer station. An electrical control circuit governs the sequencing of heat demand, heat production and heat transfer cycles.

Abstract: Liquid friction heating apparatus includes a pump rotor and an impeller rotor in a liquid reservoir. As the pump and impeller are rotated they impart frictional heat to the liquid. Further, the pump at all times delivers liquid to the inlet of the impeller which impells the liquid through restricted orifices to further heat the liquid. The pump positively prevents cavitation and ensures a constant flow through the orifices.

Abstract: A heat generator comprises a casing in which are mechanical friction members. A shaft driven by a motor rotates the friction members. A modulator device responsive to the speed of the shaft applies to the friction members a clamping force conditioned by the shaft speed. The heat generator further comprises a system for interfacing a heat-exchange fluid to the casing.

Abstract: A small lightweight auxiliary power plant including an engine, electrical alternator, water pump, air conditioning compressor and a heat exchanger is mounted at a convenient location on the tractor of a truck or other large vehicle. The main engine of the truck operates the existing truck air conditioning and heating system in a normal manner when the main engine is running. When the main engine of the truck is not operating and the smaller engine of the auxiliary power plant is operating, the truck air conditioning and heating system is operated by the auxiliary power plant. The heat exchanger of the auxiliary power plant then utilizes the heat of exhaust gases generated by the auxiliary power plant engine to warm the truck engine during the time it is not operating so that easy starting of the truck engine is made possible even in very cold weather. The exhaust gases from the auxiliary engine are also utilized to heat the lubricating oil of the main engine.

Abstract: A condensation process and apparatus for water vapor under vacuum which is taken preferably from a drying apparatus. The vacuum is produced by a water ring vacuum pump through which water flows, and the water vapor in the liquid ring vacuum pump is condensed into the liquid. The water is carried in a water circuit with at least one heat exchanger yielding heat from the water for heating purposes. Before flowing into the water ring vacuum pump, the water carried in the circuit is passed through a heat exchanger transferring waste heat from the pump and the pump drive to the water. Heat losses are prevented by a casing of thermal insulation surrounding the pump as well as the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat generator suitable for heating the cab or passenger compartment of a motorized automobile vehicle comprises an enclosure inside which are mechanical friction means adapted to be driven by the motor of the vehicle. These friction means are operable with a variable clamping force. A heat transfer liquid is circulated through this enclosure. The clamping force of the friction means is varied in inverse proportion to the speed at which friction means are driven by the motor. Thus the clamping force on the friction means is reduced as the motor speed increases, so that the quantity of heat produced is largely independent of the rotation speed of the motor.

Abstract: A flameless heater for operator's cab having automatic heat control. A hydraulic pump provides pressurized fluid which flows through a fluid restrictive orifice to produce thermal energy and raise fluid temperature as a result of a drop in hydraulic pressure. The heated fluid flows through a heat exchanger where a fan blows air over the exchanger to provide hot air for the operator's cab. A spool valve connected in parallel with the orifice bypasses fluid around the orifice to limit the rise in fluid temperature. A temperature sensor selectively opens and closes the spool valve to keep fluid temperature within a high temperature limit and a low temperature limit.

Abstract: An improved friction heater with driveshaft that rotates one frictional part relative to another interfitted with it provides, on the driveshaft, screw-and-inertia member to release frictional force between the frictional parts when the frictional parts are being stopped, permitting use of a less powerful drive for start-up and lighter structural support. The interfitted frictional parts are conical in shape and also have automatic-driveshaft release to prevent overheating from wear at the frictional interface after long use. The release provision includes a slot in the lower part of the rotor and a transverse pin in the driveshaft, that engages the slot for normal driving operation. When as result of wear, the relative axial position of rotor and housing changes sufficiently to pass out of the range of normal operation, the slot and pin automatically and correspondingly pass from engagement with each other.

Abstract: An apparatus particularly adapted to installation in large railroad diesels or other large diesel applications which provides heated coolant for circulation in the large engine during shutdown or layover periods, also providing heat for accessories and electrical charge for batteries. Main engine fuel supply is used to run a small diesel engine which drives an inverter and a centrifugal pump, the discharge of which is severely stifled or throttled, the inefficiency of the pumping action converting much of the energy of the pump into heat absorbed in the coolant which is then pumped through the regular cooling lines in reverse flow, and to accessories as desired.

Abstract: The hydraulic friction heat generator has a cylindrical housing through which passes a motor driven drive shaft along the longitudinal axis. A plurality of discs is mounted on the shaft. Each disc has two or more generally radial slits extending radially inward from the disc periphery. Part of each disc adjacent a slit is angled or feathered outward from the plane of the disc, thereby to form a vane for pumping the hydraulic fluid axially. The discs are spaced from each other to provide free space between adjacent discs in which a high shear zone is created for heat generation by molecular collision in the hydraulic fluid. Heated hydraulic fluid is circulated through a heat exchanger by an impeller.

Abstract: A heat generating unit for heating a liquid comprising a housing, at least one wedge, generally circularly shaped rotor, and means for rotating the rotor. The housing has a rotor cavity formed in a portion thereof with an inlet opening being formed through a portion of the housing intersecting the rotor cavity, and an outlet opening being formed in the housing intersecting the rotor cavity. Each wedge member is generally triangularly shaped in one cross section and includes a wedge base and a forward wedge wall. The rotor has an outer peripheral surface and is rotatingly disposed in the rotor cavity. The rotor has a forward face and a rearward face. Each wedge member is disposed generally between the forward face of the rotor in the forward end wall in the housing and each wedge member is positioned on the forward end wall so the wedge forward wall generally faces one direction of rotation of the rotor, the outlet in the housing is disposed generally near a central portion of the rotor.

Abstract: A heating system of the portable, installed or other type in which the heat source is an apparatus in which a body of liquid is heated by friction produced in the liquid by a rotating body immersed in the liquid and the heated liquid is supplied to a heat exchanger, the heating system being made efficient and successful by relations between its parts and by reduction of the time spent in the heater exchanger by the heated liquid.

Abstract: A friction heat generator is shown for use as the heat source of a furnace heating system. This heat generator has an oil-filled, cylindrical housing supporting a longitudinal auger in close-fitting, running relationship. The housing is substantially filled with oil, and an external motor is joined to the shaft of the auger for driving the auger at a high speed for moving the oil towards one end of the housing. An auxiliary pump is located adjacent that one end of the housing, and it is provided with a discharge port for carrying off the heated oil from the housing at an increased volumetric capacity. Cooperating with the friction heat generator is a heat exchanger that is joined to the generator by conduits to form a closed, recycling heating system. Several modifications of auxiliary pumps are provided in the form of a rotary impeller, as well as one including a plurality of piston pumps acting off a rotary cam.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting wind energy into heat in a manner that a wind turbine operates at its optimal tip speed ratio in varying windspeeds. An accelerometer is employed in conjunction with the wind turbine to vary the size of a discharge orifice in relation to the acceleration of the wind turbine. The wind turbine drives a positive displacement pump which is submerged in a fluid to force the fluid through the discharge orifice so that the energy of the pressurized fluid is converted into useful heat.

Abstract: The invention concerns a rotating heat-exchanger comprising a cylinder having an inner jacket, and outer jacket and a section intermediate the jackets for the heat-exchanging medium. The heat-exchanger is particularly intended for use in paper-making machines and paper converting machines. The invention solves the problem in such cylinders or rollers of reducing the rotating mass. In accordance with the teachings of the invention this is made possible by rotating only the outer jacket whereas the inner jacket and the central shaft or equivalent means are stationary.

Abstract: A mechanical heat-generating system for heating a road-marking material being sprayed onto a road surface from a vehicle is disclosed. The system includes a heat exchanger for placing the road-marking material in indirect contact with a heat exchange fluid at an elevated temperature to raise the temperature of the road-marking material. The heat exchange fluid is stored in a tank which functions as a controlled heat source. A heat generator mechanically heats the heat exchange fluid during the passage of the fluid through the generator. A pump mechanism pumps the fluid through conduits connecting the heat exchanger, storage tank and heat generator.

Abstract: A friction boiler system has a rotary member frictionally engaging a housing having adjustable fit to the rotary member. The rotary member has a gray iron cover fixed on it and rotating with it. The housing is in two halves split longitudinally, each half has fixed therein a hemi-cylindrical liner of gray iron for fitting the circumference of the rotary member. To adjust the fit, a wedge on each side, driven by a screw-actuated cam, sets the spacing between the housing halves, against spring bias urging the housing halves together. The screw actuated cam has a straight portion guided by guideways and an angled portion inclined to the direction of wedge motion and riding in a recess in the respective wedge. A heat-transfer circulation system carries fluid heated by the frictional boiler system to point of use, and return, if a closed system is used. An electric motor may be employed as one form of power. Kinetic energy of other origins can be directly and efficiently converted to thermal energy by the system.

Abstract: An improved friction heater apparatus (10) comprises a thin walled metallic drum (25) sealed on both ends, having a centrally disposed axle (14) mounted therein, and a plurality of free floating friction elements (16) operatively associated with the axle (14), wherein the rotary motion of the axle will impart centrifugal force to the friction elements to radially displace the friction elements with respect to the axle, and into engagement with the wall of the metallic drum (25).

Abstract: A heating system including a hollow body having a part of a low pressure and low temperature heating circuit therein. The hollow body has a plurality of parallel juxtaposed fluid channels formed by a pair of spaced thermoplastic wall members connected by webs to form the channels. A plurality of the channels are connected to an inlet manifold and to an outlet manifold whereby the flow of fluid in said channels is parallel over substantially the complete area of the wall members.

Abstract: A heating system is provided in which a rotor is rotated within a body of liquid within a chamber to heat the liquid by friction, and the liquid is conveyed to a heat exchanger and then returned to the liquid heater. The rotor chamber of the liquid heater is surrounded by a jacket chamber to which cooled liquid passes from the heat exchanger and in which it is heated by convection from the rotor chamber and from which it passes to the rotor chamber.

Abstract: A centrifugal heating unit includes a circular plate unit mounted on a rotatable shaft in a housing. A motor rotates the shaft and spins the plate unit within the housing. The plate unit is immersed in multi-viscosity synthetic oil. The plate unit includes first and second circular disks of equal diameter which are attached to and separated by a spacer disk of smaller diameter. A peripheral buffeting area is formed between the disks outside the perimeter of the separator plate. Each disk of the plate unit is provided with slots equally spaced around the periphery, extending from the separator plate out to near the perimeter of the disk. Each slot is aligned at a 45.degree. angle to a radius of its disk. As the plate unit rotates, oil moving radially outward due to centrifugal force is drawn through the slots into the buffeting area between the disks where it is buffeted, which generates heat. The hot oil heats the housing, from which heat is transferred to warm the ambient air.

Abstract: Air or any other gas in a moving stream possessing kinetic energy is impinged on a foraminous barrier having a multitude of dissimilar adjacent nozzle orifices. Such impingement converts the kinetic energy of the stream to internal energy within the gas; and compression through the nozzle orifices of the foraminous barrier also increases the internal energy and reduces the pressure of the air or other gas (Bernoulli's principle), and greatly increases the downstream intensity of turbulence in the flowing air or gas. This treatment conditions the air, after its expansion in a processing chamber, to effect mixing with and rapid vaporization of liquid substances at low temperatures without the addition of external sensible heat, or with less external sensible heat, thus effecting savings of energy in many industrial, commercial and consumer applications.

Abstract: An apparatus for the conversion of mechanical energy or kinetic energy into heat, comprising a hydraulic pump (1) for supplying energy to a hydraulic liquid under pressure build-up, and an energy transformer (3) to which hydraulic liquid is supplied which liquid is heated in the energy transformer, and means (d, b) to recirculate the hydraulic liquid after release of heat to the pump (1). The energy transformer (1) includes a casing (9) having at least one inlet (15) and at least one outlet (17) for the hydraulic liquid and velocity increasing means or friction-generating restrictions (19, 21, 31) arranged between said inlet and outlet, whereby the kinetic or mechanical energy of the hydraulic liquid is converted into heat energy.

Abstract: An arrangement for heating the operator's cabin of a machine driven by an internal combustion engine utilizes the engine oil as a heating medium as it is pressurized by a hydraulic pump and is elevated in temperature as it passes through a throttling element. To accelerate the heating of the internal combustion engine, the return line from the space heat exchanger into which the heated engine oil flows is located upstream of the engine lubricating points. To increase the heat supply to a portion of the engine oil, the hydraulic pump located downstream of the lubricating-oil feed pump suctions away, for the purpose of limiting the flow, some of the engine oil flowing through the main oil distribution system of the engine.