Abstract: An arrangement structure of heat exchangers in a condensing gas boiler is provided, which includes a casing provided with a combustion chamber therein, and a gas burner provided in the lower portion of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A condensation heat exchanger adapted to interface with a gas or fuel-oil burner, the condensation heat exchanger including two coaxial tube bundles placed end-to-end, one of which acts as primary exchanger and the other of which acts as secondary exchanger. Each of these bundles include at least one of a tube or of a group of tubes arranged end-to-end, forming a helical coil, in which the wall of the tube(s) is produced from a material that is a good conductor of heat and has a flattened, oval cross section, the major axis of which is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the axis of the helix. The width of the gap separating two adjacent turns is constant and smaller than the thickness of the cross section, the bundles being mounted securely inside a gas-impermeable jacket.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator comprises a burner for generating a combustion gas, a reformer provided around the burner to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen by a steam reforming reaction based on a feed material comprising a compound containing at least carbon and hydrogen and a steam, using heat transmission from a combustion gas generated by the burner, and an evaporator having an inner tube provided around the burner, an outer tube provided around the inner tube, and a bottom plate that closes a lower portion of a tubular space formed between the inner tube and the outer tube, the evaporator being configured to evaporate water supplied to the tubular space to generate a steam to be supplied to the reformer, wherein a water absorbing member having a water absorbing capability is provided in the tubular space.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a steam generation apparatus that is liquid fuel fired and addresses conversion of gaseous fuel SIB units to operate with liquid fuel. The invention also relates to a conversion unit for a steam injection boiler, a method for converting a steam injection boiler from gas firing to possible liquid fuel firing and a method for generating steam from a liquid fuel source. The invention employs a fired heater for heating the liquid fuel to a temperature suitable for firing and preheats the water to compensate for the shortfall in heat liberation when a gas boiler is converted to use liquid fuel. In another aspect of the invention, production of steam is achievable consistently by employing step-up heaters with a steam injection boiler. The heaters being connected in parallel to continue heating the water/steam to achieve a higher quality steam over that produced in the boiler while minimizing consideration as to the adverse effects of coil fouling in the boiler.

Abstract: Waste heat from a steam cycle employing a steam boiler is used to heat water, on an on-demand basis, in a steam-to-water heat exchanger wherein the supply of steam into the heat exchanger is regulated so as to maintain the temperature of the heated water exiting the heat exchanger at a relatively constant pre-set temperature. Further waste heat may be recaptured from the steam boiler steam cycle by pre-heating the incoming cold water being fed into the steam-to-water heat exchanger in the on-demand water heater using the still-hot condensate from the condensation of the steam in the steam-to-water heat exchanger. A condensate-to-water heat exchanger may be employed to pre-heat the cold water infeed to the steam-to-water heat exchanger.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating steam formed from cooling water in a heat exchanger for hot gas, having a super heater arranged in the heat exchanger vessel, a process for heating steam performed in such an apparatus, and a process for gasification of a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having such a process for heating steam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat exchanging type boiler that includes: a water retaining reservoir 10 in which a predetermined amount of water is charged; and a combustion chamber 33 for emitting heating gas at a high temperature to the water in the water retaining reservoir 10 through a heating gas supply pipe 20 such that the water in the water retaining reservoir 10 is raised to produce steam at a high pressure, the boiler characterized in that a water discharging film 32 disposed between the heating gas supply pipe 20 and the water and having a plurality of fine through holes such that the water in the water retaining reservoir 10 is not leaked to the combustion chamber 33 and at the same time the heating gas emitted to the water by means of the heating gas supply pipe 20 is distributed in substantially small bubble form.

Abstract: A small and compact boiler for providing hot water for indoor heating and domestic hot water and method of operation are provided. The boiler includes a three way valve configured to circulate boiler water through a heating circuit when indoor heat is required, and bypass the heating circuit and circulate the boiler water through the heat exchanger to enable production of domestic hot water.

Abstract: An intermediate fluid type vaporizer is provided which employs a heat source fluid capable of providing a relatively large temperature difference utilizable for vaporization, and which can make an overall size of the vaporizer more compact. The intermediate fluid type vaporizer comprises an intermediate fluid evaporator constructed by providing heat source tubes in a shell, which contains an intermediate fluid therein, to evaporate the intermediate fluid of liquid phase with heat exchange between the heat source fluid and the liquid intermediate fluid, and a liquefied gas evaporator constructed by providing heat transfer tubes in the shell to evaporate liquefied gas with heat exchange between the liquefied gas and the evaporated intermediate fluid. The heat source tubes are formed by straight tubes arranged so as to constitute two or more passes.

Abstract: Apparatus for heating fluid, comprising a first supply for supplying fuel, a second supply for supplying oxidizing agent, a burner for combusting fuel and oxidizing agents after mixing thereof and a first heat exchanger to be heated by flue gases of the burner and arranged belically round the burner.

Abstract: An improved single shell boiler is provided. The single shell boiler includes a closed vessel for containing a liquid heat transfer medium, with the liquid heat transfer medium having a surface. A first bundle of heat source tubes is located in the closed vessel and is adapted to be submerged within the liquid heat transfer medium for heating and vaporizing the liquid heat transfer medium. A second bundle of tubes is located in the closed vessel in a position which is adapted to be above the level of the liquid heat transfer medium within the vessel to receive heat by condensation of vaporized heat transfer medium on the second bundle of tubes. A condensate distribution plate is positioned between the first and second bundles of tubes. The condensate distribution plate is adapted to approximately evenly distribute condensate droplets released by the second bundle of tubes to break-up froth on the surface of the liquid heat transfer medium to enhance vapor release from the liquid heat transfer medium.

Abstract: The boiler has on the top thereof, a smoke discharging cover with a water receiving tank, the interior thereof includes an upper combustion chamber and a lower water storage chamber, a water storage tank is provided between the boiler wall and the combustion chamber in which there are a burner and a heat exchanger constructed by welding bundles of pipes on the bottom of a water collecting tray, many water chambers are formed by the partitions in the water collecting tray, the pipes communicate with the water chambers, further heat absorbing passageways are formed within the boiler wall and the smoke discharging cover, these can lengthen flowing time of water and enlarge area for heat exchange, rate of heat exchange and life of use of the heat exchanger are improved, dismounting of the heat exchanger for cleansing is also feasible.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating steam in a forced-through-flow boiler. During operation, water is conveyed through a preheater, an evaporator and, if needed, a superheater. For such a boiler operated with waste heat, the evaporator is divided into at least two sections, a first one of which is supplied with water at the beginning of a start-up phase and is included in a water circulation, while a second one of the evaporator sections, starting from a dry state, is gradually supplied with water in a controlled manner until, in an operating state, water successively flows through both of the evaporator sections. During the start-up phase, and if desired in low load states, a water-steam mixture is conveyed to a separation tank, from which steam is withdrawn and separated feed water is supplied to the preheater.

Abstract: Tube lane blocking is accomplished by a plurality of removable blocks which can be fitted and extracted from the central region, in the inner casing of the steam generator. The blocks are superposed in a stack resting on the tube plate, and are immobilized at their ends by a holding fixture. An anti-liftoff blocking member at opposite ends of the blocks prevents them from being lifted off the tube plate. When maintenance or repair of the tube plate is required, the holding fixture and anti-liftoff blocking member can be withdrawn in order to permit access to the tube plate and the adjacent tube bundle.

Abstract: A heating system for heating a heat sink via a heat transfer medium. The invention includes a vortex chamber having opposite first and second inwardly curved end walls, a combustion chamber fluidly communicating with the vortex chamber, fuel-air supply means fluidly communicating with the combustion chamber for injecting fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber. Ignition means are provided in the combustion chamber for igniting the fuel-air mixture. A fuel ionizing chamber is disposed in the vortex chamber fluidly communicating with the fuel-air supply means for ionizing fuel entering the fuel-air supply means, and heat transfer medium containing means are provided for holding the heat transfer medium in thermal contact with the vortex chamber.

Abstract: Liquid accumulators which substantially include several or at least one type of energy generation, such as heatable to almost the temperature of fresh air by solar irradiation with the thermal supply of circulation heat, by refuse combustion with the recovery of waste heat, by recovery of waste heat from exhaust gases in the case of heating boilers and generators, and also usable in a continuous process for the production of biogas from small refuse in the sewage.

Abstract: The top storage tank end wall of a down-fired water heater has a first circumferentially spaced series of circular openings formed therethrough and centered about the tank axis, and a second circumferentially spaced series of circular openings centered about the tank axis and spaced radially outwardly of the first series of openings. Vertically disposed within the tank is a circumferentially spaced series of hollow U-tube immersion heating members each having a first open upper end secured to one of the first series of openings, and a second open upper end secured to one of the second series of openings. Shot-type fuel burners extend downwardly into the second open upper tube ends and are supplied with gaseous fuel via a manifold ring positioned atop the water heater. Hot combustion gases from the burners are drawn through the U-tubes by a draft inducer fan having an inlet connected to the first open upper ends of the tubes.

Abstract: A stream of process gas is indirectly heated in an elongated reaction chamber (1) with a longitudinal axis, a first end (12) and a second end (13) and defined by an outside shell (2) and a thermally conductive inner wall (4). The inner wall defines at least one recess or cavity (3) which extends substantially between the first and second end of the chamber and parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof. A process feed line (6) and a product-gas discharge line (7) are provided at opposite ends (12, 13) of the chamber. A heat conductive and heat resistant barrier (8) which defines an interior space extends coaxially with the recess or cavity (3) substantially along the entire length of the inner wall (4) and forms an annular space (9) therewith. A hot flue gas feed line (10) and a flue gas discharge line (11) is provided at one end (13) of the chamber.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus for burning a waste gaseous stream having a residual heating value represented by a heat of combustion of from 50 to 900 BTU/SCF. to heat an intermediate heat transfer fluid, and to use the thus heated heat transfer fluid to heat diverse fluids in a plurality of serially arrayed heat exchangers at descending temperature levels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating apparatus having an object to form a construction of high thermal efficiency so that a heat transfer area of a surface to be heated in a heating chamber may be made small so as to miniaturize the whole equipment, and to utilize the whole quantity of supplied oxygen effectually thereby to suppress generation of polution materials.

Abstract: An integrated system provides combined space heating, water heating and water distillation. The system is adapted for supplying combined services to residential and commercial buildings. The system may be used in retrofitting existing space heating furnaces and/or water heaters to provide an energy and cost efficient combined system. A portable water heating/water distilling unit can be used with an existing portable self-contained heater.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus for burning a waste gaseous stream having a residual heating value represented by a heat of combustion of from 50 to 900 BTU/SCF. to heat an intermediate heat transfer fluid, and to use the thus heated heat transfer fluid to heat diverse fluids in a plurality of serially arrayed heat exchangers at descending temperature levels.

Abstract: A fuel reactor particularly adopted for the efficient combustion of wood and wood-product fuels includes a core comprised of an inner fuel tube and an outer gas tube. Fuel is introduced into one end of the fuel tube and the combustion process is initiated. Perforations in the gas tube allow the combustion gas to progress down the fuel tube and combine with air in the gas tube. A high temperature is maintained on the gas tube to enhance the combustion process. In addition, high temperature-high pressure steam and air are introduced into the core to increase the reactivity rate of char products. The high temperature-high pressure steam is produced by a novel steam pump. The combustion gases are further processed through a gas dispersion chamber, including dispersion plates, and a gas expansion chamber. Heat is extracted from the combustion gases via a novel heat exchanger which includes a gas dispersion shelf, a radiating heat exchanger plate, a primary heat exchanger, and a condensing heat exchanger.

Abstract: A water heater/boiler design is shown having a tank with a submergible, pressurized combustion chamber so that all of the heating surfaces of the combustion chamber are submerged under water. The products of combustion are routed from the submerged combustion chamber to a secondary heat exchanger having heat exchange tubes which are also submerged in the tank. A forced draft burner is used to heat the combustion chamber and the burner inlet air is preheated by passing the inlet air over portions of the secondary heat exchanger located on the exterior of the tank.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a dual-tube heat pipe type heat exchanger comprising a heat pipe confined with a working fluid for transferring a heat as a latent heat by repeating evaporations and condensations. The heat pipe includes an outer tube which is disposed within a hot fluid such that its axis is generally horizontal. Further included is an inner tube which is inserted in the outer tube and radially offset upward to substantially contact with the top portion of the inner face of the outer tube and to confine a space between the inner circumference of the outer tube and the outer circumference of the inner tube, thus forming the heat pipe.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating saturated steam by the combustion of chlorine and hydrogen to produce hydrogen chloride gas includes combusting chlorine and hydrogen to produce hydrogen chloride gas in an elongated synthesis oven having an upper segment, a lower segment and a middle segment having a walll in the form of a heat exchanger. A heat transfer medium is recirculated between the heat exchanger and a steam generator while heating the heat transfer medium to between 170.degree. and 230.degree. C. by heat exchange between the heat of the combustion and the heat transfer medium. Saturated steam is generated from water at a pressure of at least 7 bar in the steam generator.

Abstract: A process for vaporizing a liquid curing agent includes heating the liquid curing agent while it is stored in a container. Heat is delivered to the container by a heated fluid passed through a jacket which at least partially surrounds the storage container. After vaporization, the gaseous phase curing agent, usually methyl formate, methylal, or other gases, is delivered to one or more work stations where it is used in a curing reaction.

Abstract: A method for concentrating salt water. Salt water is separated from oil-water mixture which has been produced from a well. Salt water is introduced into a recirculating weir and mixed with more concentrated brine. Brine is recirculated through a thermal syphon apparatus. Recirculation includes passing brine, including some salt water, from weir into boiler vessel. Brine is heated within boiler vessel to a boiling temperature whereby brine, while boiling, generates steam which passes up out of weir. All of foregoing steps are performed at atmospheric pressure. The density of brine is sensed at a location in the lower vicinity of weir. Concentrated brine is released from lower vicinity when density at sensed temperature is at a level corresponding to a brine concentration near the precipitation of salt from solution. Salt water and brine is passed through a magnetic water treating unit. The concentrated brine, as released, is passed into a holding vessel.

Abstract: A system and method for producing steam for use in a thermal recovery process for crude oil. The system is particularly useful in combination with a cogeneration plant that produces high temperature process steam. The system uses a central steam drum-separating unit surrounded by a plurality of once-through heat exchangers.

Abstract: A system for heating large volumes of liquid in an industrial or commerical tank. The system includes a gas fired heat generating sender located adjacent the tank, a heating element or receiver means located in the tank, and a closed loop heat transfer circuit having a heating and vaporization zone within which a working fluid is heated and vaporized by the heat generating sender. The closed loop heat transfer circuit also includes a condensation zone which is located within the receiver and within which the vapor is circulated and condensed for transferring heat to the receiver and the liquid in the tank. The sender includes a radiant burner whose products of combustion are exhausted downwardly past a liquid inlet line to preheat the liquid before the liquid enters the tank for subsequent heating by the working fluid in the receiver.

Abstract: A heating chamber is provided for receiving well effluent therein including oil, water and gas and a heated chamber is also provided for containing glycol to be heated. Heat exchange coils are disposed in the chambers and are serially connected in a loop flow path with gas pressure operated pump structure operatively associated with the flow path for pumping glycol therethrough. Gas-fired heating structure is operatively associated with the heated chamber for heating glycol therein and a gas outlet from the heating chamber comprises a source of well gas under pressure through supply structure supplying well gas to the pump and burner structures. The supply structure includes a glycol-gas contactor for drying the gas provided from the supply structure to the pump.

Abstract: A thermal plant comprises a clear blue flame burner and a multi-tank boiler of stainless steel. The burner has a nosepiece welded to the boiler and a rear portion removably fixed to the nosepiece. The rear portion of the burner includes a labyrinth pathway for preheating the combustion air and a thermally insulating conduit for feeding fuel to an atomizer. The boiler has its furnace delimited by two water tanks, i.e. a main peripheral tank and end tank located downstream of the furnace and delimiting with the main tank a gap through which flue gases are conveyed to give off heat to the water in the tanks.

Abstract: A steam generator installation comprises an envelope, first and second tube plates defining an intermediate fluid discharge chamber; a bundle of external tubes connected to the tube plate, an internal tube being arranged within each external tube, a liquid metal circulating outside the external tube, an admission chamber for the water, which is introduced into the internal tubes, a discharge chamber for the steam and an admission chamber for the intermediate fluid. This fluid circulates between the internal tubes and the external tubes. The intermediate fluid discharge chamber is connected to the inlet of a heat exchanger, which cools it. The intermediate fluid admission chamber is connected to the outlet of this exchanger.

Abstract: A system for recovering waste heat from a stream of heated gas is disclosed. The system includes a convection heat transfer chamber, a boiler tank, and a plurality of heat pipes thermally interconnecting the convection heat transfer chamber with the boiler tank. Each of the heat pipes includes an evaporator section which is disposed in heat transfer relation with a stream of heated gas flowing through the convection heat transfer chamber, and a condenser section disposed in heat transfer relation with a volume of water disposed within the boiler tank. The evaporator sections and condenser sections are totally enclosed within the convection heat transfer chamber and boiler tank, respectively, and are connected in closed cycle fluid communication with each other.

Abstract: A heat exchanger has upper and lower plenums which communicate with each other via heat transfer tubes. A downwardly-extending tube used to introduce secondary sodium coolant into the lower plenum extends among the heat transfer tubes and is fastened to the lower tube plate to communicate with the lower plenum. The downwardly-extending tube is stretched through the lower plenum in the axial direction thereof to contact at its lower end a bottom surface of the heat exchanger body. A plurality of openings are provided in a wall of the portion of the downwardly-extending tube which is in the lower plenum.Primary sodium coolant of a high temperature flows into the heat exchanger body from the portion thereof which is below an upper tube plate, and flows out of the heat exchanger body from the portion thereof which is above the lower tube plate.

Abstract: Apparatus for the isothermal transfer of heat from a heat source to a heat absorber, the heat source and the heat absorber being enclosed within a container. A heat transfer working medium (e.g., a volatile liquid) is enclosed within the container and is capable of being efficiently vaporized on the surface of the heat source, being conveyed to the heat absorber, being condensed thereon, and being returned to the heat source. The quantity of the heat transfer medium contained in the container is sufficient to permit vaporization thereof on the surface of the heat source. A method of isothermal heat transfer is also disclosed.

Abstract: A boiler for a heat sensitive working fluid in which there are three systems, first, a stream of hot combustion gas system, second, a heat transfer fluid system and lastly, a heat sensitive working fluid system. The heat transfer fluid is at the interface between the hot combustion gas and the working fluid so as to prevent the formation of hot spots.

Abstract: In a water heating system, vapor in the products of combustion gases is condensed in a secondary heat exchanger positioned in a housing with the primary heat exchanger and combustion chamber. The two heat exchangers are coaxial coils with the secondary coil surrounding the primary. Gases flow radially through the primary coil, axially along a baffle and then axially through the secondary coil at an increased velocity. The gas/air mixture is burned in a burner within the primary heat exchanger and the gas product are drawn through the exchangers by a blower. A water storage tank is designed to enhance stratification of hot water over cooler water. The cooler water is used to condense vapor in the secondary heat exchanger.

Abstract: A system for recovering waste heat from a stream of heated gas is disclosed. The system includes a convection heat transfer chamber, a boiler tank, and a plurality of heat pipes thermally interconnecting the convection heat transfer chamber with the boiler tank. Each of the heat pipes includes an evaporator section which is disposed in heat transfer relation with a stream of heated gas flowing through the convection heat transfer chamber, and a condenser section disposed in heat transfer relation with a volume of water contained within the boiler tank. The boiler tank is provided with a header plate having an array of heat pipe openings through which the heat pipes project. A heat pipe support sleeve is received in each heat pipe opening in sealed engagement with the header plate, with the heat pipes projecting through the support sleeves and thermally interconnecting the convection heat transfer chamber with the boiler tank.

Abstract: A system for recovering waste heat from a stream of heated gas is disclosed. The system includes a convection heat transfer chamber, a boiler tank, and a plurality of heat pipes thermally interconnecting the convection heat transfer chamber with the boiler tank. Each of the heat pipes includes an evaporator section which is disposed in heat transfer relation with a stream of heated gas flowing through the convection heat transfer chamber, and a condenser section disposed in heat transfer relation with a volume of water disposed within the boiler tank. The evaporator sections and condenser sections are totally enclosed within the convection heat transfer chamber and boiler tank, respectively, and are connected in closed cycle fluid communication with each other.

Abstract: A high efficiency fast recovery electric fluid heating system includes a closed elongated housing having thermostatically controlled high-wattage electric immersion heating elements extending from the housing ends into the interior thereof. The housing is adapted to be filled with fluid to be heated by the heating elements and has a fluid inlet at one end and a fluid outlet at the other. A helical tubular member extends within the housing from end to end thereof in coaxial spaced relationship to the heating elements and has its ends extending externally of the tank to provide inlet and outlet connections for supply of fluid thereto. An elongated open-ended tubular member is disposed within the helical tubular member and around the heating elements to define a confined fluid heating space within the housing.

Abstract: A system for recovering waste heat from a stream of heated gas is disclosed. The system includes a convection heat transfer chamber, a boiler tank, and a plurality of heat pipes thermally interconnecting the convection heat transfer chamber with the boiler tank. Each of the heat pipes includes an evaporator section which is disposed in heat transfer relation with a stream of heated gas flowing through the convection heat transfer chamber, and a condenser section disposed in heat transfer relation with a volume of water contained within the boiler tank. The boiler tank is provided with a header plate having an array of heat pipe openings through which the heat pipes project. A heat pipe support sleeve is received in each heat pipe opening in sealed engagement with the header plate, with the heat pipes projecting through the support sleeves and thermally interconnecting the convection heat transfer chamber with the boiler tank.

Abstract: A system for recovering waste heat from a stream of heated gas is disclosed. The system includes a convection heat transfer chamber, a boiler tank, and a plurality of heat pipes thermally interconnecting the convection heat transfer chamber with the boiler tank. Each of the heat pipes includes an evaporator section which is disposed in heat transfer relation with a stream of heated gas flowing through the convection heat transfer chamber, and a condenser section disposed in heat transfer relation with a volume of water contained within the boiler tank. The boiler tank is provided with a header plate having an array of heat pipe openings through which the heat pipes project. A heat pipe support sleeve is received in each heat pipe opening in sealed engagement with the header plate, with the heat pipes projecting through the support sleeves and thermally interconnecting the convection heat transfer chamber with the boiler tank.

Abstract: A gas burner associated with a combustion chamber constitutes a fluid-tight removable heating unit immersible in a liquid to be heated. The unit has a caisson including a chamber for premixing and distributing gaseous fuel and a combustion chamber separated from the premixing chamber by a flame stabilizing grate. The caisson has traversed, in fluid-tight relationship thereto, by ducts permitting thermosiphon circulation of the surrounding liquid and increasing the exchange surfaces constituted by the walls of the caisson.

Abstract: A boiler for generating steam by the recovery of heat from a hot gas stream including an enclosed pressure vessel, a baffle dividing the interior of the vessel into upper and lower compartments, one or more upper headers in the upper compartment, a bundle of water tubes supported from the upper headers and extending into the lower compartment, one or more lower headers supported by the lower ends of the water tubes, and a shroud structure in the lower compartment of the boiler extending about the perimeter of the bundle of water tubes.

Abstract: In a water heating system, vapor in the products of combustion gases is condensed in a secondary heat exchanger positioned in a housing with the primary heat exchanger and combustion chamber. The two heat exchangers are coaxial coils with the secondary coil positioned below the primary. Gases flow radially through the primary coil and then axially through the secondary coil at an increased velocity. The gases are then used to pre-heat a gas/air mixture in a third heat exchanger within the secondary heat exchanger. The pre-heated gas/air mixture is burned in a burner within the primary heat exchanger and the gas products are drawn through the exchangers by a blower. A water storage tank is designed to enhance stratification of hot water over cooler water. The cooler water is used to condense vapor in the secondary heat exchanger.

Abstract: A boiler for vaporizing liquid hydrogen fluoride has a heat transfer surface arranged to be covered increasingly by the liquid as the liquid level rises so that the heat supplied to the boiler can be adjusted to maintain a constant level of liquid in the boiler and thereby equate the feed rate of liquid hydrogen fluoride to that vaporized. Thus by metering and controlling the feed rate of the liquid the feed rate of the vapor can be metered and controlled.

Abstract: A moisture separator reheater apparatus having a shell member and a plurality of tube members situated therein with the shell member having a plurality of cycle steam inlets and a plurality of cycle steam outlets disposed on opposite sidewalls. The tube members are disposed longitudinally in the shell member and include an inlet pass and an outlet pass with the inlet pass receiving a heating fluid on its interior while being exposed to cool cycle steam on its exterior. The outlet pass is situated between the inlet pass and the cycle steam outlets, with the outlet pass receiving on its interior heating fluid which has previously flowed through the inlet pass while being exposed to heated cycle steam from the inlet pass on its exterior. All inlet passes receive heating fluid from a common source.

Abstract: A steam boiler for producing superheated steam directly in the boiler from saturated steam being generated therein includes a plurality of vertical sealed high pressure boiler water heating tubes, each provided with an electrical heating element and containing a limited quantity of water, mounted in a boiler water filled well in the bottom wall of the boiler. Energization of the heating element of each sealed tube produces high pressure saturated steam in the tube causing the tube to rise in temperature to generate saturated steam in the boiler from the water in the well. The tubes each have a vertical extent substantially greater than the controlled depth of water in the boiler. The saturated boiler steam is superheated by an elongated, sealed, vertical vessel mounted on the bottom wall of the boiler and extending upwardly into the boiler steam space above the upper ends of the heating tubes.

Abstract: In a water heating system, vapor in the products of combustion gases is condensed in a secondary heat exchanger positioned in a housing with the primary heat exchanger and combustion chamber. The two heat exchangers are coaxial coils with the secondary coil positioned below the primary. Gases flow radially through the primary coil and then axially through the secondary coil at an increased velocity. The gases are then used to pre-heat a gas/air mixture in a third heat exchanger within the secondary heat exchanger. The pre-heated gas/air mixture is burned in a burner within the primary heat exchanger and the gas products are drawn through the exchangers by a blower. A water storage tank is designed to enhance stratification of hot water over cooler water. The cooler water is used to condense vapor in the secondary heat exchanger.