Abstract: An apparatus for supplying relatively cool feedwater to a heated pressure vessel, while moderating the thermal gradients within the apparatus and the pressure vessel. The feedwater apparatus is generally comprised of a feedwater inlet nozzle, thermal sleeve and sparger assembly which is structured to provide a thermal barrier and to lengthen the path of heat conduction through the feedwater inlet nozzle; to insure adequate support for the thermal sleeve and the sparger; to improve feedwater flow through the thermal sleeve and the sparger; and to facilitate the inspection and repair of the welds used to structure the feedwater apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a boiler for receiving water from a water feed pipe and heating the water into steam and a condenser for condensing the steam into condensate. The condensate is fed back to the boiler through the water feed pipe. A solute source includes a solute which has at least one of oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and ozone. Generating member generates an aqueous solution by dissolving the solute supplied from the solute source into water. Supplying member supplies the aqueous solution to the water feed pipe to form a protective film made of iron oxide on an inner surface of the water feed pipe.

Abstract: Mineral salts formed during steam generation are preferentially deposited on one or more non-woven, porous mats made of fiber-forming synthetic resin.

Abstract: A non-corrosive, non chemical cleaning process for tube bundle heat exchangers develops and physically transmits kinetic energy in the form of a vigorous, high volume "water slap" to dislodge internally accumulated contaminants. A plurality of injectors periodically inject discrete quantities of pressurized inert nitrogen into the heat exchanger downcomer annulus, near the steam generator bottom, and in response to the expanding gas bubble the water column established in the tube bundle is accelerated upwardly. A rapid displacement of a body of water causes the surface of the water to slap debris from components in its path. The water column level is established slightly below the bottom of a tube support structure, and the rapid rise of the water surface impacts the bottom of the structure and is forced through the water flow passageways where the fluid flow acceleration pressures dislodge the accumulated debris.

Abstract: Boiler feed water is prepared from boiler condensate by first removing insoluble oil and then feeding the condensate to one side of a reverse osmosis membrane and feeding the water from the low pressure side of the membrane to a boiler.