Abstract: There are provided a generator internal pipe section that extends in the horizontal direction inside a steam generator; and a communication pipe section that is connected to the generator internal pipe section and is provided with a communication path, wherein one end of the communication path is connected to the pipe path at an upper end of a cross-section perpendicular to the flow direction of the cooling water in the pipe path and the other end of the communication path is positioned at the downside in the vertical direction in relation to one end of the communication path, and wherein one end side and the other end side of the communication path are connected at a position existing at the upside in the vertical direction in relation to one end.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a user activated hot water heater and control system for processing hot water to hot water output locations, e.g. faucet, shower, or the like, such that temperature fluctuations and delays in hot water delivery are reduced. The present invention provides energy savings resulting from smart activation of internal and/or external recirculation systems. Additionally, trickle flow is detected and responded to based on temperature responses at various points in the main flow line of the present configuration. Simultaneous internal and external recirculations are made possible with advantageous placement of a pump within internal and external recirculation loops and a solenoid valve within the internal recirculation loop. The present system further comprises a means for adjusting the pump action in response to a thermostatic valve, temperature sensors advantageously placed in the main flow line to reduce dead heading.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam circuit in a power station, comprising at least one evaporator and at least one superheater, characterized in that a condensate collector and return line is provided between the superheater and the steam generator to trap condensate in the superheater and return the condensate to the evaporator.

Abstract: A method for determining carbon emissions from a steam generation system is disclosed. It includes measuring a first energy of feedwater entering into a steam generation system and measuring a second energy of steam exiting the steam generation system. The first energy is subtracted from the second energy to determine a total energy absorbed by the steam generation system. The total energy absorbed by the steam generation system is divided by the total energy to determine a heat input to the steam generation system. The heat input is used to determine the carbon emissions from the steam generation system.

Abstract: An integrated water coil air heater and economizer arrangement for a boiler has a feedwater inlet for supplying feedwater to the boiler, and conduits and a valve for splitting the feedwater from the inlet into a first partial lower temperature, lower mass flow stream, and a second partial higher temperature, higher flow stream. A water coil air heater for passage of air to be heated for the boiler contains at least one heat transfer loop in heat transfer relationship with the air, the heat transfer loop of the water coil air heater being connected to receive the first partial stream. An economizer for passage of flue gas to be cooled for the boiler contains at least one heat transfer loop in heat transfer relationship with the flue gas, the heat transfer loop of the economizer being connected to the heat transfer loop of the water coil air heater for receiving the first partial stream from the water coil air heater.

Abstract: The steam generator includes a feedwater delivery device at an upper axial end of an annular space between an outer shell and a bundle wrapper of the steam generator. The feedwater, delivery device includes a header (11) having a shell of toroidal general shape, at least one feed pipe for the header and feedwater distribution means (14) in the upper part of the annular space of the steam generator. The feedwater distribution means (14) include a plurality of openings (17) that pass through the upper part of the shell of the toroidal header (11) and are distributed circumferentially on the wall of the header and a plurality of tubes (15) fixed via a lower end part at an opening (17) of the header (11). Each of the straight tubes (15) includes an upper end part through which openings (20), such as water passage slots, pass and a cap (16) fixed to the upper end of the tube (15) surrounding, with a radial clearance, the upper end part of the tube (15).

Abstract: A method of recovering heat energy during blowdown of a steam boiler is described wherein thermal energy is recovered both from flash steam produced by blowdown water and the blowdown water itself. The flash steam is preferably condensed in the feedwater (or any open vented water tank) so as to recover the water volume of the flash steam in addition to its heat energy.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying relatively cool feedwater to a heated pressure vessel, while moderating the thermal gradients within the apparatus and the pressure vessel. The feedwater apparatus is generally comprised of a feedwater inlet nozzle, thermal sleeve and sparger assembly which is structured to provide a thermal barrier and to lengthen the path of heat conduction through the feedwater inlet nozzle; to insure adequate support for the thermal sleeve and the sparger; to improve feedwater flow through the thermal sleeve and the sparger; and to facilitate the inspection and repair of the welds used to structure the feedwater apparatus.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for operating a closed hot water installation provided with a pipe system, a boiler, heat exchangers, an expansion tank, a water make-up provision and a de-aerator, the method including the steps of opening a non-return valve to allow air to escape, detecting a water level in the de-aerator, feeding water to the closed installation when the level falls below a predetermined level, blocking opening of the non-return valve until the water level has fallen to a first level and starting the feed of water when a second lower level is reached.

Abstract: A heat supply system is provided which enables use of small pipes with the same diameter for both feed branch pipes and return branch pipes, thus reducing the initial cost and also suppressing heat emission loss. The heat supply system comprises a heat exchanger 1, a feed main pipe 2, a return main pipe 3, a feed branch pipe 4 connected to the feed main pipe 2, a first return branch pipe 5 for directing the flow of a heat medium to an edge section in the downstream side of the feed branch pipe 4, a plurality of load pipes connected in parallel to a section between the feed branch pipe 4 and the first return branch pipe 5 each having a load member 7 provided thereon, and a second return branch pipe 6 connected to a section between an edge section in the downstream side of the first return branch pipe 5 and the return main pipe 3, said heat supply system having a plurality of branch pipe paths 11 including therein the feed branch pipe 4, first return branch pipe 5, load pipe 8, and second branch pipe 6.

Abstract: In some operating states, supplemental additional sealing steam must be fed to the sealing-steam system of a steam turbine. The feeding of supplemental sealing steam from the live-steam line involves considerable problems. According to the invention, therefore, the sealing-steam system is connected via a feeder line to a bleed point of the superheater of the boiler, so that the temperature of the supplemental sealing steam is well below the live-steam data and, in particular, is compatible with the material temperature in the region of the high-pressure shaft seal.

Abstract: An apparatus for saving boiler feed water heat having a closed condensed water vessel for collecting the steam water condensate from one or more reactor steam jacket, and the steam condensate flash over when it enters the closed vessel due to pressure drop. The closed vessel having a boiler feed water pump located below the vessel and the vessel located below the reactor steam jacket, and cold water injection into the condensate prior to entering the feed water pump. The feed pump then taking the cooled condensed water to the boiler reducing the demand for boiler make up water and saving heat and energy.

Abstract: An increased efficiency boiler is provided, which, instead of trying to eliminate steaming in the economizer, designs the economizer to permit steaming, and a control is provided for the boiler which takes into account the heat input to the boiler as well as the water level in the steam drum and the reliability of the economizer.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing non-volatile residues and impurities from a used solvent includes a self-scrubbing heating distillation subassembly for separating purified solvent for reuse and a controlled waste collector subassembly for overflowing concentrated residues and impurities stripped from the used solvent into an easy-to-service container. The apparatus may be disposed in a parallel in-line relationship with a circulating solvent flow circuit, such as in a dry cleaning operation, to continuously withdraw and purify aliquot portions of the circulating solvent stream, returning good solvent back to the flow circuit and concentrating non-volatile residues and impurities to a removable, environmentally sound serviceable container.

Abstract: Liquid and vapor are mixed and heated in a novel heat exchanger which comprises a shell, vertical heat exchange tubes, means for injecting vapor into the base of the shell, means for injecting liquid into a stream of the vapor and means to remove a stream of liquid droplets in vapor from an upper position of the shell.

Abstract: A steam generator feed water heater comprises a pressurized enclosure inside which is a heat exchanger through which the feed water is caused to flow. There is at least one horizontal condensate inlet tube, as well as at least one condensate outlet tube at a low point on the enclosure. A double screen device associated with the condensate inlet tube comprises an inner screen with a cylindrical side wall and, surrounding this inner screen, an outer screen having one end linked to the inner screen. A bottom wall common to both screens constitutes an impact wall facing the inner screen. Passage areas are provided by perforations in the screens not facing each other over most of the perimeter of their transverse cross-sections.

Abstract: A model steam generator for simulating the environment inside a nuclear steam generator in order to monitor the condition of the heat exchange tubes of the nuclear steam generator is disclosed herein. The model steam generator includes an electrically-powered thermosyphon heating means for circulating a flow of vapor and condensate through the sample tube in a closed loop. The thermosyphon includes riser tubes which are concentrically disposed within the sample heat exchange tube along a substantial portion of the longitudinal axis thereof for both directing a stream of steam into the inside walls of the heat exchange tubes, and for insulating this flow of steam from the resulting stream of condensate which flows down from the inner walls of the sample tubes. The elimination of the counter-current forces between the stream of steam and the downflowing film of condensate prevents the formation of heat-obstructing ripples of condensate on the inner walls of the sample heat exchange tubes.

Abstract: A recirculation apparatus is employed to recirculate a portion of the feedwater in a vertical-tube economizer to reduce the likelihood of reverse flow and steaming at startup and/or low load. A recirculation valve, opened at low load, directs part of the water from the economizer outlet back to the inlet of the boiler feed pump via a deaerator. The recirculated water not only increases the pumping head across the economizer tube planes, but also reduces the temperature rise of the increased water flow rate passing through the economizer tubes which now enters the economizer tube bank at an elevated temperature. The reduced temperature rise in a given single pass through a tube plane consequently reduces the buoyant force which opposes the pumping head in downflowing tube planes. Additionally, the amount of water being recirculated at these light load conditions results in a total boiler feed pump flow which is well within the capacity of a given pump size without consideration of the present invention.

Abstract: Steam generating apparatus and methods wherein a liquid is recirculated within a boiler by use of a constant speed dynamic feed water pump acting both to feed the boiler and to effect recirculating therein by a jet pump with its jet nozzle in liquid flow series with the dynamic pump. The jet pump also receives water from a steam drum for recirculation through the boiler. In the event of excess feed water supply to the boiler a step-function level control for the steam drum bypasses liquid to a condenser. A second jet pump acts to utilize excess feed water to supply cool water from the condenser well under pressure to the dynamic pump so that no water is bypassed to the condenser under on-design operating conditions. For waste heat recovery to provide shaft power automatically with simplified controls.

Abstract: The control of the actual liquid level in a boiler is accomplished by using the flow rate of the fuel to the combustion system associated with the boiler to generate a signal which is utilized to bias a control signal generated in response to steam flow rate and the output from a conventional level controller in such a manner that swell and shrink caused by changes in fuel flow rate is compensated for and the desired liquid level is maintained in the boiler.

Abstract: The control of the actual liquid level in a boiler is accomplished by using the actual enthalpy of the fluid in the boiler to generate a signal which is utilized to bias the output from a conventional level controller in such a manner that swell and shrink causes by disturbances is compensated for and a desired liquid level is maintained in the boiler.

Abstract: A thermodynamic method is described and claimed for improving the quality of wet steam produced by conventional and once through type boilers. Moisture entrained with such steam is first separated in a steam-water separation vessel. The separated moisture is thereafter vaporized by pressure reduction and flashed to form lower pressure steam and condensate containing dissolved solids. The condensate is utilized to preheat fresh boiler feedwater. The lower pressure steam is condensed and supplements the boiler feedwater to form a hotter combined net feedwater stream containing reduced quantities of dissolved solids. Practice of the method, in association with commercially available boilers producing saturated to moderately superheated steam at temperatures of up to about 970.degree. F. and steam pressures of up to about 2,900 psig, has resulted in increases in the quality of the steam produced from about 70% to about 99% (substantially dry steam).