Abstract: A multivariable control system for controlling boiler burners. The system includes burner actuators, boiler sensors, a control system coupled to the actuators and the sensors and further includes a memory and a processor, and an application stored in the memory. When executed by the processor, the application executes a multivariable control algorithm to determine actuator manipulated variable values to control in part the burners based on data received from the sensors and based on a plurality of gain values. The application also executes an adaptation algorithm to change an actuator manipulated variable value, to maintain the changed manipulated variable value for a pre-determined period of time, to determine a change in data received from the sensors, to determine a gain value based on the changed manipulated variable value and the change in data received from the sensors, and to provide the determined gain value to the multivariable control algorithm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for estimating the fuel supply of a boiler, for a building (2) having a boiler (4) and energy accumulation means (4?), in order to ensure a desired indoor temperature during an autonomy period P, this method including the following steps: a) making an estimation of the average outdoor temperature during the autonomy period P, b) determining the consumption of the building (2) in order to ensure said desired indoor temperature, depending on the previous estimation of the average outdoor temperature, c) determining the amount of energy to be provided depending on the previous consumption, and the amount of fuel required for providing this energy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a boiler apparatus useful for the heating of living and working spaces. The disclosed boiler apparatus incorporates a burner element and controller element that cooperate to provide a modulated firing rate. The modulated firing rate serves to increase the efficiency of the disclosed boiler apparatus. The boiler apparatus of the invention incorporates a heat exchanger and a combustion system. In operation, the control element collects and analyzes information from a multiplicity of sensors in order to modulate the firing rate of the burner element so as to maintain a selected output temperature for the water being heated. This monitoring activity by the control element also avoids short cycling of the boiler apparatus of the invention. The boiler apparatus of the invention also includes an indicator light that provides a visual indication the invention's operational status.

Abstract: A mounting and linkage system for mounting an air or air-fuel discharge device for pivotal and axial movement relative to a furnace in a manner so that the device is isolated from the walls of the furnace. The system includes a linkage apparatus extending between the furnace walls and connected to the device for pivoting same.

Abstract: The present invention aims for the object thereof at preventing unburnt gas and noxious gas components from being generated in a refuse incinerator, and provides a combustion control method by which it is arranged so that a feeder (2) and a stoker (3) are not only controlled so as to keep evaporation (S1) of the boiler at a target value thereby to achieve stabilized combustion extending over a long period of time, but also feed water quantity (S2) and the like from a boiler water pipe section (2) forming a combustion chamber (6) are detected, and the rate of overfire air quantity to main combustion air quantity to a lower part of the stoker is controlled at a constant total gas capacity so that the fluctuation width of the feed water quantity (S2) falls within a set range.

Abstract: Boiler operations are fine tuned to minimize thermodynamic losses and pressure losses across throttle valves at the output of a boiler. Whenever the boiler is operating outside of desired operating levels, the first action considered is to reduce spray flows into steam supplied into a reheater or superheater outputting steam at too low of a temperature. The second consideration is to reduce the use of auxiliary electrical power, such as fans supplying tempering air to the primary air used to carry fuel to the burners. The next consideration is selective soot blowing and damper adjustments to redistribute heat in combustion product exhaust gas in the boiler. Then, if possible, the quantity of flue (combustion product) as recycled is adjusted to modify the gas temperature and the heat transferred in the radiant (furnace and superheat) sections and the convective (reheat and economizer) sections of the boiler.

Abstract: A control system for a pulverized coal fired boiler provided with a pulverized coal producing equipment including a coal feeding section, a milling section and a classifying section and an adjuster for adjusting a coaling rate thereof, and a pulverized coal burning equipment for burning the pulverized coal supplied from the pulverized coal producing equipment includes an estimation apparatus for estimating a coaling rate of coal out form the pulverized coal producing equipment, and an apparatus for operating the adjuster to adjust a coaling rate of coal supplied from the pulverized coal producing equipment to the pulverized coal burning equipment on the basis of an estimation of the estimation apparatus. The estimation is conducted by calculation of mathematical models which are obtained with taking the physical mechanism in the pulverized coal producing equipment and simulate a heat input with higher accuracy.

Abstract: A process for monitoring the conditions in the reaction zone of a gasifier in a process for the gasification of coal to produce synthesis gas is disclosed, the process being characterized by continual or periodic calculation of the rate of steam production by the heat exchange system of the gasifier, and comparison of the calculated rate with a pre-selected value.

Abstract: A fluidized bed boiler is controlled such that, when the fuel supply quantity thereof is changed from F.sub.0 to F.sub.1, the fuel supply quantity is changed to a level greater than the difference between F.sub.1 and F.sub.0, the fuel supply quantity is changed to a level smaller than the difference between F.sub.1 and F.sub.0, and the fuel supply quantity is then set to F.sub.1.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a boiler comprising a firebox, a control device controlling the flow of air into the firebox, a water jacket surrounding at least part of the firebox, a sensor to sense the temperature of the water in or being discharged from the water jacket, the sensor being adapted to control directly or indirectly the control device. The sensor can be a temperature sensitive valve associated with the water jacket to control the position of the control device to thereby govern the flow of air to the firebox. The invention further provides a method of providing space heating and hot water from a boiler unit comprising the operation of a boiler unit.

Abstract: A furnace (10) in which pulverized coal is burned in suspension. The coal is introduced along with primary air, tangent to an imaginary circle (42). The auxiliary air is introduced tangent to an imaginary circle (44) directly above the primary air, in a direction of rotation opposite that of the primary air. The auxiliary air is directed tangent to a circle of greater diameter than that of the primary air. There are a plurality of alternating levels within the furnace where primary air (38), and then auxiliary air (40), is introduced.

Abstract: A dual or multiple combustion chamber is described for use with cyclic velox boiler plants wherein one or more inner reactors are fastened inside one or more of the combustion containers of the cyclic velox boiler. These inner reactors are filled with and contain the char fuel but the inner reactor walls are porous and ported so that air can readily flow into the inner reactor during compression and reacted gases can readily flow out of the inner reactor during expansion. Refueling and ash removal occur into and out of these inner reactor chambers.

Abstract: A combustion control method wherein manipulated variables or the amounts of fuel and air in at least one combustion zone of a boiler are regulated so that both the amount of nitrogen oxides and the amount of unburned coal in the ash at an outlet of a burner furnace or at least one of them passes the regulation standards and satisfies the requirements for operating a plant.

Abstract: A system and process for controlling a boiler is disclosed. The system includes a television camera mounted above the reciprocable grate of the boiler to locate craters in solid fuel on the grate and an actuator to vary an operating parameter of the furnace according to the location of the craters.

Abstract: A solid fuel feed system for a boiler in which a hopper is provided for storing the fuel and a discharge conduit is provided for discharging the fuel to the boiler. A first conveyor belt system conveys the fuel from an inlet to the hopper and a second conveyor system transfers the fuel from the hopper to the discharge conduit. A control system is provided for controlling the speed of the first conveyor system in response to the amount of the fuel in the hopper and a second control system responds to the operation of the boiler for controlling the speed of the second conveyor system.

Abstract: Disclosed is an automatic anticipatory control system for controlling, by one common control quantity, a plurality of points of operation that can be changed over individually and arbitrarily between start and stop operations and between an automatic operation mode and a manual operation mode.

Abstract: A pulverized coal-air stream or auxiliary air stream discharging into a furnace (1) from a delivery pipe (12) is deflected away from the longitudinal axis of the delivery pipe by directing a working fluid stream, preferably air or flue gas, against the coal-air or auxiliary air stream as it approaches the outlet of the delivery pipe so as to impinge thereagainst at an angle of substantially ninety degrees. The resulting angle of deflection of the coal-air or auxiliary air stream away from its longitudinal axis is controlled by varying the momentum of the working fluid stream impinged against it.

Abstract: Controlling a fluidized bed coal combustor by sensing certain variables and thereby controlling other variables.

Abstract: A cyclic velox boiler is described wherein solid carbonaceous fuels are burned in pressure vessel containers by cyclic compression and expansion with air or with air and steam as usual gas reactants. During compression air is forced deeply into the pores of the solid fuel and rapid primary burning to carbon monoxide results due to the large internal pore area available. During expansion the primary reacted gases emerge from the pores to mix and react fully with secondary air retained outside the pores in the container. Rapid and complete burning of the char fuel can be obtained in this two step, cyclic burning process and net useful mechanical work can be obtained from an expander engine. The containers and portions of the expander are cooled with water and the resulting steam can be used to generate additional work output via a steam power cycle.

Abstract: In a pulverized coal-fired steam generator having a generally vertical furnace (1) and a plurality of fuel-air admission assemblies (10) arrayed in a vertical windbox (40) in one or more walls of the furnace (1), at least one of the fuel-air admission assemblies (10) being a low load fuel-air admission assembly having a split coal bucket (30) with vertically adjustable upper and lower coal nozzles (32,34), the remaining assemblies having vertically adjustable single nozzle buckets (28), a tilt apparatus (50,60) for vertically adjusting all nozzles in unison in response to steam temperature at high loads and for vertically adjusting the lower coal nozzles of the split coal bucket of the low load fuel-air admission assembly independent of all remaining nozzles at low loads.

Abstract: A system for generating a dry coal weight signal is provided, wherein the moisture content of a coal feed to a solid fuel burner is determined, and the dry coal weight calculated on that basis. Moisture content is determined by measuring density of the coal being fed and/or the torque required to drive a head pulley about which the belt feeding the coal is led at a constant velocity. The dry coal weight signal can be communicated to the drive means, whereby the belt speed is accelerated or decelerated to maintain a constant supply of coal, on a dry weight basis, to the boiler. Also disclosed is a control system employing the dry coal weight signal for a plurality of control functions.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling the combustion of, for example, coal or bark in a stoker boiler or black, liquor in a recovery boiler to provide operation at maximum efficiency. Control loops are provided for primary or undergrate air and secondary or overfire air. The undergrate air control loop is adjusted as a function of carbon dioxide or steam/fuel ratio, and the overfire air control loop is adjusted as a function of carbon monoxide. In addition to carbon monoxide, combustibles and opacity may be used. Air redistribution is also used to minimize combustibles or CO or opacity.

Abstract: In a fluidized boiler system, the rate of fuel flow and bed depth are simultaneously controlled in response to variations in a load demand signal representing the need for steam output from the system. When the load demand changes, the rate of fuel flow is varied accordingly to provide a change in the bed temperature to thus provide a rapid response to the change in the demand signal. At the same time, the system changes the rate of flow of limestone to the bed and the rate of removal of spent particulate material of the bed to change the bed depth to respond more slowly to the change in the demand signal. As the depth of the fluidized bed approaches a value corresponding to the demand signal, the temperature of the bed will change back toward a median value.

Abstract: A method for rapidly changing the amount of pulverized coal supplied to a coal-fired furnace (10) equipped with a coal pulverizer (20) from a first steady-state level to a second steady-state level in response to a change in operating load demand. The amount of pulverized coal supplied to the furnace is instantaneously increased by providing pulverized coal to the furnace from a source (42) independent of the pulverizer or instantaneously decreased by diverting away from the furnace a portion of the pulverized coal being supplied by the pulverizer.

Abstract: An improved burning system for automatically controllably charging a wood-waste burning steam boiler utilizes a fuel bin unloader having a gravity fed screw metering device for feeding fuel into the system in response to steam demand and pollution output feedback signals. The metering device deposits fuel through a rotary air lock into an air stream of a fuel injection fan having a vortex controller on the inlet side to modulate and maintain a proper fuel-air ratio for wood firing. The fan injects the fuel and air into the boiler through a controlled proportioning valve. All controls and recording devices are contained in one control unit for operating each component of the system to achieve and maintain a proper fuel-air ratio according to received steam demand and pollution output feedback signals.

Abstract: In a pulverized coal-fired steam generator having a generally vertical furnace (1) and a plurality of fuel-air admission assemblies (10) arrayed in a vertical windbox (40) in one or more walls of the furnace (1), at least one of the fuel-air admission assemblies (10) being a low load fuel-air admission assembly having a split coal bucket (30) with vertically adjustable upper and lower coal nozzles (32,34), the remaining assemblies having vertically adjustable single nozzle buckets (28), a tilt apparatus (50,60) for vertically adjusting all nozzles in unison in response to steam temperature at high loads and for vertically adjusting the lower coal nozzles of the split coal bucket of the low load fuel-air admission assembly independent of all remaining nozzles at low loads.

Abstract: A boiler control system for boilers fired by solid fuels wherein the fuels are carried through the combustion zone of the boiler on a traveling grate and wherein the air flow for combustion as supplied to the undergrate region utilizes a control of the fuel rate from a deviation of the outlet pressure from the desired value with the control of the air flow to the undergrate region maintained generally in proportion to the steam flow from the boiler with the proportionality being biased from the deviation of the outlet pressure from its desired value.

Abstract: In an apparatus for heating a heat transfer fluid flowing through concentrically arranged pipe coils in a boiler casing, the casing is supported on top of a furnace in which solid fuel is burned in the combustion chamber. The combustion gases flow directly from the combustion chamber into the boiler casing for passage over the pipe coils. Solid fuel is supplied by a conveyer into a grate below the combustion chamber and air is supplied to a primary combustion air chamber and a secondary combustion air chamber for flow into the combustion chamber. The heat transfer fluid is circulated through the pipe coils by a pump and, if the pump becomes inoperative or flow otherwise stops, the supply of fuel and air is automatically discontinued to avoid overheating of the heat transfer fluid.