Abstract: A cooking appliance includes a cooking cavity adapted to cook food therein; and a steam generator adapted to supply steam for cooking to the cooking cavity. The steam generator includes an L-shaped conduit for steamable fluid having one vertical arm and one horizontal arm, and a heating element located adjacent and external to the L-shaped conduit. The vertical arm is substantially vertical in an operative position of the steam generator.

Abstract: Disclosed are a water storage tank and a method for controlling the full water level thereof. The water storage tank according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a tank main body for storing water which flows in through a water inlet and discharging water through an outlet; and a control unit for controlling inflow and outflow of water into and from the tank main body, wherein the control unit can change the height of the full water level of the tank main body according to a user's selection or the degree of water discharge from the tank main body.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system for producing high pressure steam from low quality feedwater for a designated process. The system includes a first closed loop in fluid communication with a boiler and a heat exchanger assembly. A first fluid flows through the first closed loop, and is of acceptable quality for use in a boiler. Heat from the boiler is transferred to a second loop through the heat exchanger assembly. The second loop includes the low quality feedwater, which is converted to high pressure steam. The high pressure steam produced from the low quality water can be used in the designated process. This reduces corrosion/downtime in the boiler that might otherwise occur if the low quality water was directly heated by the boiler.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a use of pulsed combustion to convert chemical energy to usable heat. For example, in boilers, heat is generated by burning fuel at burners and transferring the heat to water or other fluids, including air, through heat exchangers. In one form, these heated fluids may then be utilized to assist in removing oil from oil sand reservoirs.

Abstract: The aim is to achieve a particularly robust and reliable embodiment of a filling level sensor with several thermoelements for measuring the filling level of a liquid in a receptacle. This is achieved in that the thermoelements are arranged in parallel with one another and extend from the bottom upwards. The thermoelements are of different heights so that, depending on the filling level, one part of the thermoelements is flooded and another part is not. This can be used to derive information regarding the filling level.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling a short-term increase in power in a steam turbine including a fossil-fired steam generator having a flow path through which a flow medium flows. The method involves tapping off the flow medium from the flow path in a pressure stage and injecting it into the flow path on the flow-medium side upstream of a super heater heating surface of the respective pressure stage. A first characteristic value is used as a controlled variable for the amount of injected flow medium. The first characteristic value is characteristic of the deviation between the outlet temperature of a final super heater heating surface of the respective pressure stage on the flow medium side and a predetermined nominal temperature value. The nominal temperature value is reduced and, for the duration of the reduction in the nominal temperature value, the characteristic value is temporarily increased over-proportionately to the deviation.

Abstract: A heating system for heating heat-transfer oil using exhaust heat of boiler flue gas. The system includes: a flue, an economizer, an air preheater, and a heat-transfer oil heater. The economizer and the air preheater are disposed in the flue along the flow direction of the flue gas. The heat-transfer oil heater is disposed inside the flue in front of the economizer and is connected to a heat consumption device via a first circulating pipe. The circulating pipe is equipped with a circulating pump.

Abstract: A method for generating steam from a feedwater inlet stream including impurities is disclosed. The method involves receiving the feedwater inlet stream at an inlet of a steam generator and causing the feedwater stream to flow through a tubing circuit to an outlet of the tubing circuit, the tubing circuit having a substantially un-rifled bore defined by a metal wall. The method also involves delivering a heat flux to the feedwater stream through the metal wall of the tubing circuit to generate steam by causing evaporation of feedwater within the tubing circuit, and controlling at least one of a flow rate of the feedwater stream and the heat flux to cause generation of an outlet stream at the outlet includes a steam portion and liquid phase portion, the steam portion being greater than about 80% of the outlet stream by mass. The steam portion provides sufficient cooling of the metal wall to maintain a wall temperature at less than a threshold temperature.

Abstract: A method for regulating the production of steam from feed water in an evaporator of a steam plant is provided. A state regulator calculates a plurality of states of a medium in the evaporator by means of an observer and, on the basis thereof, determines a feed water mass flow rate as a regulating variable. In order to obtain a stable and precise regulation of the temperature of the steam, the state regulator is a linear-quadratic regulator.

Abstract: A method for controlling the operation of a steam generation system is provided. Fluid flow is channeled from at least one first boiler within at least one conduit. Fluid flow is added within the conduit from at least one second boiler. At least one operating condition within the first and second boilers is detected. A fluid pressure set point and/or a fluid temperature set point for each boiler is determined based on the operating condition detected for each boiler. A fluid pressure and/or a fluid temperature is maintained within the first and second boiler to be approximately equal to the fluid pressure set point and the fluid temperature set point for each boiler, respectively, prior to fluid flow being channeled and/or during the channeling of fluid flow from the first boiler and/or the second boiler within the conduit to a steam process and/or at least one steam turbine engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a user activated hot water heater and control system for processing hot water to hot water output locations, e.g. faucet, shower, or the like, such that temperature fluctuations and delays in hot water delivery are reduced. The present invention provides energy savings resulting from smart activation of internal and/or external recirculation systems. Additionally, trickle flow is detected and responded to based on temperature responses at various points in the main flow line of the present configuration. Simultaneous internal and external recirculations are made possible with advantageous placement of a pump within internal and external recirculation loops and a solenoid valve within the internal recirculation loop. The present system further comprises a means for adjusting the pump action in response to a thermostatic valve, temperature sensors advantageously placed in the main flow line to reduce dead heading.

Abstract: A method for operating a continuous flow steam generator with an evaporator heating surface is provided. A target value for a supply water mass flow is fed to a device for adjusting the supply water mass flow. In order to improve the quality of a predictive supply water or mass flow control and to maintain the enthalpy of the flow medium at the evaporator outlet particularly stable especially when load changes occur, a correction factor is taken into consideration during production of the target value for the supply water mass flow. The correction factor is a characteristic of the temporal derivative of enthalpy or the density of the flow medium at the input of one or more heating surfaces.

Abstract: A method for operating a once-through steam generator including an evaporator heating surface is provided. A target value for the supply water mass flow is fed to a device for setting the supply water mass flow, which is predefined using the ratio of the heat flow currently being transferred in the evaporator heating surface from the hot gas to the flow medium to a target enthalpy increase predefined with respect to the desired live steam condition of the flow medium in the evaporator heating surface. A forced-flow steam generator used for carrying out the method is also provided. The heat flow transferred from the hot gas to the flow medium is ascertained for this purpose allowing for a specific temperature value characteristic of the current temperature of the hot gas at the evaporator inlet and a specific mass flow value characteristic for the current mass flow of the hot gas.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling exhaust steam temperatures from a finishing superheater are provided. In certain embodiments, the system includes a controller which includes control logic for predicting an exhaust temperature of steam from the finishing superheater using model-based predictive techniques (e.g., based on empirical data or thermodynamic calculations). Based on the predicted exhaust temperature of steam, the control logic may use feed-forward control techniques to control the operation of an inter-stage attemperation system upstream of the finishing superheater. The control logic may determine if attemperation is required based on whether the predicted exhaust temperature of steam from the finishing superheater exceeds a set point temperature as well as whether the inlet temperature of steam into the finishing superheater drops below a set point temperature of steam.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining and controlling feed water level in a steam generator of a nuclear power plant, whereby the water level sensor is calibrated in terms of the pressure drop across structural components in the feed water path. The water level differential pressure sensor is calibrated so that maximum water level is indicated as the level corresponding to the upper tap level plus the pressure drop across the foregoing structural components at maximum power plant power.

Abstract: A method of controlling the feedwater flow to the secondary side of a steam generator in a pressurized water nuclear reactor monitors various process variables such as the feedwater and the steam flows and pressures around the secondary side of the steam generator and then generates process signals based upon the process variables. An error signal based upon selected process signals is generated. The error signal is filtered by a deadband filter network for generating a control signal with a deadband. The control signal with a deadband is sent to a proportional-integral controller for generating a demand signal. The demand signal is then sent to an operator such as feedwater valve positioner or a feedwater pump speed controller for controlling the feedwater flow into the steam generator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a boiler apparatus useful for the heating of living and working spaces. The disclosed boiler apparatus incorporates a burner element and controller element that cooperate to provide a modulated firing rate. The modulated firing rate serves to increase the efficiency of the disclosed boiler apparatus. The boiler apparatus of the invention incorporates a heat exchanger and a combustion system. In operation, the control element collects and analyzes information from a multiplicity of sensors in order to modulate the firing rate of the burner element so as to maintain a selected output temperature for the water being heated. This monitoring activity by the control element also avoids short cycling of the boiler apparatus of the invention. The boiler apparatus of the invention also includes an indicator light that provides a visual indication the invention's operational status.

Abstract: Disclosed is a boiler apparatus useful for the heating of living and working spaces. The disclosed boiler apparatus incorporates a burner element and controller element that cooperate to provide a modulated firing rate. The modulated firing rate serves to increase the efficiency of the disclosed boiler apparatus. The boiler apparatus of the invention incorporates a heat exchanger and a combustion system. In operation, the control element collects and analyzes information from a multiplicity of sensors in order to modulate the firing rate of the burner element so as to maintain a selected output temperature for the water being heated. This monitoring activity by the control element also avoids short cycling of the boiler apparatus of the invention. The boiler apparatus of the invention also includes an indicator light that provides a visual indication the invention's operational status.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods of reducing NOx emissions in the flue gases produced by a steam boiler fired by a fluid fuel and combustion air burner and including a steam drum provided with make-up water from which produced steam and blowdown steam are withdrawn. In accordance with the invention at least a portion of the blowdown steam is combined with the fluid fuel or combustion air or both.

Abstract: A device for preventing the inadvertent rotation of a temperature selection dial associated with the temperature controller of a water heater. The device includes a spring-loaded prong that extends across the face of a rotatable dial so as to prevent rotation of thereof. The force required to pry the prong off of the dial is selected to be greater than what a small child is typically capable of exerting.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of heating a liquid medium by means of a first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13) and at least one second thermal system (5, 6, 6A, 15, 16) following said first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13), which thermal systems each have at least one heat exchanger (2, 5) through which the medium flows, and which second thermal system (5, 6, 6A, 15, 16) is operated at a higher temperature level than the first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13). The method is characterized in that, for the accelerated raising of the temperature of the medium in the first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13), the direct feed of the medium to the same is reduced and in the extreme case prevented, and in that medium flowing through the first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13) is directed in a circuit. The invention also relates to a plant for carrying out the method.

Abstract: An oxygen separation and combustion apparatus such as a boiler or a nitrogen generator in which a plurality of fluid passages and oxygen transport membranes are located within a combustion chamber. The oxygen transport membranes separate oxygen from an oxygen containing gas, thereby to provide the oxygen within the combustion chamber to support combustion of a fuel and thereby to generate heat. The fluid passages are positioned to allow a portion of the heat to be transferred from the combustion to the oxygen transport membranes to heat said oxygen transport membranes to an operational temperature and a further portion of the heat to be transferred from the combustion to the fluid, thereby to heat the fluid and also, to help stabilize the operational temperature of said oxygen transport membranes. Fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber by injection or as a mixture with circulated flue gas.

Abstract: After the economizer, an injection water pipe branches off the connecting pipe between economizer and evaporator in order to control the steam temperature. The injection water pipe is provided with a control device for controlling the injection water flow. The injection water flowing through the injection water pipe is injected into the steam coming from the evaporator at a mixing point located before the superheater. In order to control the position of the control device in the injection water pipe, the enthalpy at the superheater outlet is calculated from the parameters pressure and temperature and is compared with a desired enthalpy resulting from the desired parameters.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to a device for heating liquid feed for veal calves, although this device may have wider application. The present invention is a pre-heater system used to raise the temperature of liquid feed that is being pumped from cold storage to a mixing tank prior to being fed to an animal. Additionally, the present invention is arranged to independently supply heated water externally of the system.