Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an L-shaped header of a steam generator including a spiral heat transfer tube, and a coupling structure between the L-shaped header and the heat transfer tube, wherein an upper end and a lower end of a heat transfer tube assembly configured with a plurality of heat transfer tubes are vertically formed, and the upper and lower ends of the heat transfer tube assembly are vertically coupled to a bottom side or a top side of the header. Therefore, the heat transfer tubes constituting the same concentric circle may use the heat transfer tubes formed with the same shape, thereby improving the manufacturability of parts and reducing the manufacturing cost.

Abstract: Provided is a gasifier cooling structure allowing the complexity of the furnace wall structure to be reduced to a minimum, allowing the configurability of headers and connecting pipes to be improved while maintaining as much as possible the ability to cool raw syngas. In the gasifier cooling structure, the raw syngas from a gasified carbonaceous solid fuel flows through the interior of a furnace wall formed inside a pressure vessel having a circular cross section, and the raw syngas is cooled by heat exchange with a fluid flowing inside a heat exchanger tube from a heat exchanger, whereof a plurality is provided within the furnace wall. The furnace wall has a polygonal structure wherein mutually orthogonal faces are linked by an oblique face in between, and whereof the cross sectional shape is such that the edge of the oblique face is shorter than the edges of the mutually orthogonal faces.

Abstract: A method for operating a steam power plant at low load is suggested comprising the extraction of live steam LS before the last superheater SH3 and/or resuperheated steam before the last resuperheater RSH2 and using the thermal energy of this steam in other heat sinks. Thus, nearly constant steam parameters of the live steam LS are achieved and the overall efficiency of the steam power plant remains at a high level.

Abstract: A steam boiler includes a boiler housing. A helical coil for boiling water and superheating the wet steam is disposed within the boiler housing. A burner emits combustion gases which heat a heat emitter which is disposed in the inner space of the helical coil. Combustion gases from the burner enter the internal cavity of the heat emitter and then pass through perforations in the heat emitter before contacting the helical coil. As such, the heat emitter is heated by the combustion gases and serves as a radiant heat source for the helical coil.

Abstract: Steam is generated using high total dissolved solids (TDS) boiler feedwater while still maintaining relatively low boiler blowdown rates. In one embodiment, a boiler is adapted to generate low quality steam from the high TDS feedwater to maintain wet conditions in the boiler tubes to mitigate against fouling/scaling problems. The low quality steam is then separated into a vapor fraction and a liquid blowdown stream. The vapor fraction is superheated to superheated steam. The liquid blowdown stream is allowed to exchange heat with the thus-created superheated steam to vaporize a portion of the blowdown to form a finished steam and a waste stream. This reduces the blowdown to waste and creates more end user steam. The finished steam is routed to its end use, e.g., a hydrocarbon thermal recovery process. Advantages include lower cost, higher efficiency, and less equipment complexity.

Abstract: A steam generator for producing superheated steam in a waste incineration plant, includes a boiler housing having a combustion chamber with walls having an evaporator. The evaporator has tubes carrying water and being acted upon by heat energy released during incineration of waste, for producing superheated steam. A wall superheater for increasing temperature of the superheated steam includes a plurality of tubes in a wall of the boiler housing for carrying superheated steam being protected against flue gas from an incineration process by plate-like elements formed of a corrosion-proof material. The boiler housing includes an evaporator housing section having the water-carrying tubes and a wall-superheater housing section spatially separated from the evaporator housing section and having the superheated steam-carrying tubes. The wall-superheater housing section is movable relative to and disposed downstream of the evaporator housing section in flue gas flow direction.

Abstract: A system includes a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) including a plurality of evaporator sections. At least one evaporator section includes a natural circulation evaporator configured to generate a saturated steam, a once-through evaporator configured to generate a first superheated steam, a first superheater configured to receive the saturated steam from the natural circulation evaporator, and a second superheater configured to receive the first superheated steam from the once-through evaporator.

Abstract: A system includes a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) having a plurality of evaporator sections. At least one evaporator section includes a forced circulation evaporator configured to generate a saturated steam, a once-through evaporator configured to generate a first superheated steam, and a first superheater configured to receive the saturated steam and the first superheated steam.

Abstract: A subcritical pressure high-temperature steam power plant includes a combustion boiler system, steam turbine generator system, and condensate and feedwater system and wherein the conditions of steam generated in the boiler system and supplied to the steam turbine generator system are subcritical pressure and high temperature (turbine inlet temperature of 593° C. or more).

Abstract: A continuous flow steam generator including a vessel with a heat transfer medium inlet and a heat transfer medium outlet is provided. A heat transfer medium channel is formed between the heat transfer medium inlet and the heat transfer medium outlet, and a heat transfer medium flows in the channel, having steam generator tubes disposed in the heat transfer medium channel, wherein a first portion of the steam generator tubes, and a second portion of the steam generator tubes is designed as a system of preheating and boiler tubes, and the first portion is disposed upstream of the second portion in the flow direction of the heat transfer medium. A steam generator device having a continuous flow steam generator and a water separation system is also provided along with a solar thermal power plant.

Abstract: A superheated steam generator includes an introduction section for introducing saturated steam into hollow pipe members arranged as steam flow passages and acting as inductively heated elements, and a discharge section for discharging superheated steam from the flow passages, wherein a turbulence generator is disposed in each of the steam flow passages to accelerate heat transfer to the steam in the pipe members, wherein the turbulence generator is a zigzag bent member disposed in the steam flow passage, and a zigzag bending pitch of the bent member changes from rough to minute from the introduction section to the discharge section.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for producing steam are provided. A steam boiler system may include a steam boiler. The steam boiler may comprise an enclosure with a burner, first and second fluid conveyance members, and one or more radiants therein. The burner produces hot combustion gases which warm the fluid conveyance members and thereby the fluid therein. The radiants are also heated by the combustion gases, and they thereby emit radiation which is absorbed by the fluid conveyance members and/or the fluid therein. The boiler system may additionally comprise a steam separator which separates out a steam component. The steam component can be directed back through the enclosure in a third fluid conveyance member to expand the steam before being fed to a steam engine to produce power.

Abstract: Process for the production of ammonia from a hydrocarbon feedstock all steam produced in the waste heat boilers of the reforming and ammonia section of the plant is superheated in one or more steam superheaters located downstream the ammonia converter in the ammonia section of the plant. There is no need for steam superheater (s) in the reforming section of the plant to cool the synthesis gas. A steam superheater for use in the process is also provided. The superheater comprises two compartments in which the first and second compartments are connected in series with respect to the steam flow and in parallel with respect to the process gas flow.

Abstract: A system for generating steam for a turbine of an electric generator includes a superheater that receives steam from a boiler and that superheats the steam. All or a portion of the superheated steam from the superheater is then passed through a heat exchanger to transfer some of the heat energy in the superheated steam to a flow of water. This reduces a temperature of the superheated steam to a temperature that is suitable for the turbine. The water heated in the heat exchanger can be condensed water that has already passed through the turbine, and the water heated in the heat exchanger can be routed to the boiler, where it is re-cycled back into steam.

Abstract: A method for reducing corrosion of a superheater of a steam boiler. The superheater includes a superheater piping. The superheating piping includes a steam pipe where the steam to be superheated is directed. The steam pipe is separated by a protective shell having a surface settling in the flue gas space has a temperature that rises above an upper critical temperature, above which temperature in the flue gas space the compounds from the fuel are substantially in a gaseous form. A superheater of a steam boiler and a circulating fluidized bed boiler.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam circuit in a power station, comprising at least one evaporator and at least one superheater, characterized in that a condensate collector and return line is provided between the superheater and the steam generator to trap condensate in the superheater and return the condensate to the evaporator

Abstract: [Object] To improve an overall heat transfer efficiency of a heating element and steam and a heating efficiency of the stream by making a distribution of input heat non-uniform by executing a less expensive improvement such as a change of disposition of an induction heating member. [Solving Means] In a superheated steam generator 30 including an introduction section 11 for introducing saturated steam 5, a heating section 12 for heating the saturated steam 5 and making it to superheated steam 6, a discharge section 16 for discharging the superheated steam 6, and an induction coil 31 wound around a heating pipe member 13 through insulators 18 in the heating section 12, the induction coil 31 is wound rough near to the introduction section 11 and minute near to the discharge section 16.

Abstract: A superheated vapor generation system includes at least one vapor generator with a vapor generation space in its interior for generation of superheated vapor upon entry thereinto of liquid. At least one thermal element is disposed within the interior vapor generation space. A method for fabrication of a superheated vapor generation system includes providing at least two sections for fastening together, providing at least one thermal element, and fastening the sections together to form an interior vapor generation space, with the thermal element disposed therein.

Abstract: A method for positioning superheaters (2, 3, 4, 5) in biomass burning steam generators, and a steam generator. The steam generator comprises a combustion chamber (1), a flue gas duct (6), a steam circuit (7), and the superheaters (2, 3, 4, 5) positioned for minimizing corrosion at a high temperature. The steam generator is fitted with at least two superheaters (2, 3, 4, 5), whose positioning in the flue gas duct (6) and serial arrangement in the steam circuit (7) are effected in such a way that the superheater's or superheaters' heat transfer surface has its surface temperature remaining below the melting point of KOH, 406° C. (corresponds to a steam temperature of about 350-380° C.) down to the point in the flue gas duct (6), at which the flue gases' temperature has fallen to 750° C. While the flue gases are within the range of less than 750° C.

Abstract: This invention provides a superheated steam apparatus that is capable of efficiently heating water to generate superheated steam, and to perform a process such as sterilization utilizing this superheated steam while keeping the loss of heating energy to a minimum.

Abstract: In a steam generator having a convective part arranged downstream of the furnace chamber and essentially consisting of final superheater (1), pre-superheater, evaporator and economizer connected in series on the flue-gas side, a further contact heat exchanger (5) having a plurality of tube banks (10) is arranged upstream of the final superheater (1). This contact heat exchanger (5) is connected to the steam drum (6) in such a way that it can be operated as both an evaporator and a superheater. The working medium to be heated flows in parallel from the bottom to the top through the tube banks (10), as a rule arranged vertically or inclined, of the contact heat exchanger in the evaporator circuit and flows in series through said tube banks (10) of the heat exchanger in the superheater circuit.

Abstract: A tubular type heat exchanger unit which utilizes upper inlet and outlet headers which are each series connected to at least three lower parallel headers by multiple elongated vertically-oriented tubes. The lower headers are connected together by a plurality of vertically-oriented U-shaped tubes provided in adjacent banks and rows within a thermally-insulated casing. The U-shaped tubes in each tube row are arranged in a staggered pattern relative to the tubes in the adjacent row. Preferably 4-12 lower headers each having a bank of 4-20 vertical tubes are provided. Such heat exchanger unit is enclosed within a thermally-insulated casing and is suitable for use as an economizer and superheater in heat recovery steam generators (HRSG).

Abstract: A superheater spray water control system for variable pressure applications produces an output signal representative of expected superheater absorption as a function of measured steam flow, compensates the signal for temperature variations within the superheater and adjusts it for over/under fire transients. An output signal representative of required superheater absorption from the drum to the superheater outlet, together with a spray water enthalpy signal obtained as a function of measured stem flow, is used with the compensated and adjusted actual superheater absorption and measured steam flow signals to produce a spray quantity demand signal.

Abstract: A tube assembly for superheater unit of a steam generating system comprising a bank of superheater tubes rigidly secured together and a screen tube adapted to be connected to a source of coolant disposed adjacent the length of and attached to an end tube of the bank of superheater tubes.

Abstract: An electric arc plasma steam generator includes a pair of electrodes for generating the arc plasma, and a housing for enclosing the arc plasma. Jets of water are directed into the arc plasma to convert the water into steam and to ionize the hydrogen and oxygen components of the steam. Arrangements including coils and water jackets are provided for circulating water in proximity to the arc plasma and for super-heating the water contained in the water jacket and/or the coils, which are preferably mounted within the housing. An expansion chamber is connected to receive both the super-heated water, and also the superheated steam from the arc plasma, as the hydrogen and oxygen recombine to form steam once again.

Abstract: A boiler having a furnace, a tunnel section and a rear gas duct is improved by the fact that a partition wall at right angles to side walls of the rear gas duct is disposed in the rear gas duct to divide it into two passages. A low-pressure reheater is disposed in the divided passage nearest to the tunnel section and has a narrow width. Two partition walls are disposed in the other divided passage parallel to the side walls of the rear gas duct to further divide the passage into three passages. Superheaters are disposed in the further divided passages close to the side walls and a high-pressure reheater is disposed in the central further divided passage. In another embodiment, the locations of the superheater and the high-pressure reheater are reversed.

Abstract: A coal-fired steam generator that has a water-steam circulation and a low pressure-heat carrier-circulation which, via a heater that is disposed in the flue gas flow of the steam generator and that has at least one heat transfer surface, absorbs heat from the flue gas flow and conveys this heat to a process that utilizes heat, especially a gas turbine process in conjunction with a coal-combination unit having a steam turbine connected in the water-steam circulation. To optimize the position of the heater for the low pressure-heat carrier-circulation, especially a sodium circulation, there are provided at least two flue gas passes that are connected in parallel with a combustion chamber of the steam generator, whereby the flue gas flow coming from the combustion chamber is distributed to these flue gas passes, at least one of which is associated with a water-steam circulation, while the other is associated with the low pressure-heat carrier-circulation.

Abstract: An apparatus for in-process removal of built-up paraffin and the like from the inner surface of oil pipelines and the like has a combustion section and a heat transfer section. The combustion section includes an air heater, a blower for causing air to flow through the heater and through a heat transfer section, and a conduit for recirculating air from the heat transfer section to the combustion section. The heat transfer section includes a heater shell, and, disposed therewithin, a heat transfer tubing coil connected in an oil pipeline, upstream of built-up material to be removed, oil in the pipeline, being caused to flow through the coil. Heated air from the combustion section flows across the coil in the heater shell in a manner for transfer of heat from the air to the coil and to the oil flowing therewithin, whereby the temperature of the oil in the coil is raised to a predetermined temperature to liquify material built-up on the inner surface of the pipeline and the like to flow with the oil.

Abstract: This steam separator superheater comprises a horizontal axis cylindrical shell (1) enclosing in its lower portion a steam and moisture separator and in its upper portion a two-stage steam superheater resting on running paths supported half way up the shell by a frame (5). Each stage of the steam superheater is constituted by two bundles of hair-pin bent tubes (15, 16 and 17, 18) supplied with superheat steam from steam chests (43, 44, 45, 46). The upper stage rests on the lower stage. Both stages are inserted into the shell via sleeves (47, 48) outside the shell and extending loading openings made through an end plate (2) of the shell. The upper stage is lifted into position by lifting gear outside the shell (1) acting by means of lifting lines passing through passages (49) in the shell. The passages are closed by caps (51) when the separator superheater is in use.

Abstract: A nozzle to header or pressure vessel connection includes a sleeve preferably of stainless steel extending within the bore of the nozzle and preferably cantilevered therefrom to extend into the aligned flow passage of the header. A portion of the sleeve preferably has an elliptical cross-section which traverses at least part of the distance of the bore and contacts the inner wall of the nozzle for press fitting of the sleeve to the nozzle.

Abstract: Tie means employable for purposes of accomplishing the tying together of tubes of a superheater platen assembly. The subject tie means is particularly suited for use in those applications wherein a need exists to effect the tying together of tubes, which bear a tangential relationship to each other. The subject tie means comprises a multiplicity of cooperating tie members that are suitably affixed such as by being welded thereto, to the pair of tubes that the tie means is intended to tie together. More specifically, the multiplicity of tie members includes a first pair of tie members that is affixed to a first one of the pair of tubes and a second pair of tie members that is affixed to the second one of the pair of tubes.

Abstract: Provided is a steam generating system effective to rapidly and momentarily respond to a drop in steam pressure when utilized in connection with a steam-operated device. Super-heated steam is passed from a heating unit to a vaporization chamber in which a liquid-saturated cartridge is positioned and through which super-heated steam is passed. In addition, a heat storage and liquid supply means are provided above the cartridge whereby, upon a drop in pressure in the generating system, steam is rapidly raised to a desired, predetermined pressure. Steam in the system is recycled through a superheating chamber and is conveyed back into the vaporization chamber, this for a duration in which the steam pressure is below the set predetermined level. Control means are provided to regulate ratio of fuel, typically powdered fuel, and air, typically oxygen or oxygen-rich air. Also controlled is the rate of vaporization and the recirculation of steam in the heating unit.

Abstract: A coal-fired steam generator has tubes forming heating surfaces that are suspended above a combustion chamber from support tubes that extend in a given direction and are mutually spaced apart, transversely to the axes of the tubes forming the heating surfaces, a distance that is less than the mutual spacing of the support tubes in the direction of the axes of the tubes forming the heating surfaces. The support tubes located below the lowermost of the tubes forming the heating surfaces suspended therefrom are formed with an initial bend in a plane wherein the support tubes are mutually spaced apart by the lesser distance, and are provided with further bends forming auxiliary heating surfaces extending substantially perpendicularly to the given direction in which the support tubes extend.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for preventing thermal shock caused by the introtion of steam into a superheater header by preheating the header with an electrical heating element located on the header before boiler light-off and the introduction of any steam. A temperature sensor located on the header controls the coupling of the heating element to its voltage source to maintain the temperature of the header within a predetermined range.

Abstract: An arrangement for a steam cooled spacer tube which restrains movement of pendantly supported superheater division panels of a steam generator. A horizontal portion of the spacer engages the panel and a vertical portion engages a pair of bumped furnace wall tubes at a restraining area. A freely rotatable sleeve surrounds the spacer at the restraining area, and a sleeve surrounds each of the bumped furnace wall tubes.

Abstract: This invention relates to panels comprising a rigidly interconnected set of metal tubes with a continuous sheet of a refractory lining material which has a satisfactory thermal conductivity and is chemically inert with respect to combustion products covering at least a portion of the surface of the set of tubes, the lining material including a binder which provides the sheet with resistance to collapse in the cold state. Such panels are of particular value in recuperation boilers which burn fuels such as domestic garbage, industrial waste or waste oil.