Abstract: Auxiliary boiler systems, and methods of implementing and/or operating auxiliary boiler systems, are disclosed herein. In one example embodiment, an auxiliary boiler system for use in conjunction with a main steam source includes an auxiliary boiler, a deaerator coupled directly to and integrated with the auxiliary boiler, and a condensate storage tank coupled at least indirectly to the deaerator. Also, in another example embodiment, a method of implementing an auxiliary boiler system for use in conjunction with a main steam source includes setting a condensate storage tank in relation to a first support structure at a first position, and setting an auxiliary boiler at a second position. The method further includes directly coupling a deaerator to the auxiliary boiler so that the deaerator is integrated with the auxiliary boiler, and installing at least one interconnection by which the condensate storage tank is at least indirectly coupled to the deaerator.

Abstract: A spraying and re-heating vapor reactor includes: a heat preservation boiler; a vapor reaction boiler disposed in the heat preservation boiler; a re-heating conduit communicating the vapor reaction boiler with a device outside the heat preservation boiler, a high heat capacity material being accommodated within the heat preservation boiler, and surrounding the vapor reaction boiler and the re-heating conduit; a heater heating the high heat capacity material; a sprayer disposed in the vapor reaction boiler; and a liquid supplying tube communicating with the sprayer through structure walls of the heat preservation boiler and the vapor reaction boiler, and supplying an external liquid to the sprayer. The sprayer atomizes the external liquid into an atomized liquid absorbing thermal energy from the high heat capacity material and becomes a low-temperature vapor entering the re-heating conduit and being re-heated into a high-temperature vapor. A generator apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are provided for generating power. A pipe having an input flow is coupleable to an input section configured to receive at least a portion of the input flow. A generation section is coupleable to the input section and includes a pipe section to carry the at least a portion of the input flow, a turbine coupleable to the pipe section and configured to capture energy from the at least a portion of input flow carried by the pipe section, and a generator coupleable to the turbine and configured to generate power from the energy captured by the turbine. An output section is coupleable to the pipe and configured to provide output of the generation section to the pipe.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a spray nozzle for an attemperator and an attemperator including the spray nozzle. An attemperator according to an embodiment includes: a steam transfer pipe through which steam is transferred; a fixed pipe which is fixed to an outer surface of the steam transfer pipe; and a spray nozzle, which is coupled to the fixed pipe, disposed in the steam transfer pipe and configured to spray cooling water into the steam transfer pipe. The spray nozzle includes, on an outer circumferential surface thereof, at least one support that protrudes toward the fixed pipe. The spray nozzle is spaced apart from the fixed pipe.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a plant control apparatus is configured to control a power generating plant that includes a gas turbine configured to be driven by a gas, an exhaust heat recovery boiler configured to generate steam by using heat of an exhaust gas from the gas turbine, a temperature reducing apparatus configured to cool, through a cooling medium, the steam generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler, and a steam turbine configured to be driven by the steam cooled by the temperature reducing apparatus. The plant control apparatus includes an output controller configured to control output of the gas turbine, and a temperature reduction controller configured to control a cooling operation of the steam by the temperature reducing apparatus while the output controller controls the output of the gas turbine.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a desuperheater system for cooling a process fluid. The desuperheater system includes a pipe through which the process fluid flows and that defines an axis and includes injector housings attached to and arranged radially around the pipe. The injector housings each define an injector cavity. Injectors, each one including an injector nozzle that defines an injection angle, are received in each injector cavity so that the injector nozzles are in fluid communication with the process fluid. The injection angle of each injection nozzle is selected individually. The desuperheater system also includes a control valve with a valve inlet port configured to receive a cooling fluid. The control valve is configured to selectively provide fluid communication between the valve inlet port and at least one of the of injectors to inject the cooling fluid into the process fluid.

Abstract: A combined cycle power generation plant has parallel normally-independent power generation trains, each having a gas turbine in line with a heat recovery steam generator. In a “parked” or spinning reserve operational state, combustion is discontinued at the gas turbine of one power generation train, placed on turning fear. Combustion at the other power train is reduced, preferably to a minimum emissions-compliant level (NOx, CO) of the gas turbine operated at low level combustion. A bypass duct with controllable dampers apportions exhaust from the operating gas turbine to the heat recovery steam generators of both power trains. This maintains an elevated temperature in both heat recovery steam generators and enables fast restart.

Abstract: A control method for operating a heat recovery steam generator having a flue gas channel in which an evaporator, having at least two evaporator heating surfaces arranged successively in the flue gas channel and at least one intermediate heating surface arranged between the evaporator heating surfaces, is provided, the method including determining a characteristic value characteristic of the heat absorption in the evaporator for the evaporator heating surfaces, additionally determining for the at least one intermediate heating surface, an additional characteristic value for the heat absorption of the intermediate heating surface, and subtracting this additional characteristic value from the characteristic value characteristic of the heat absorption in the evaporator.

Abstract: A method of controlling a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) includes measuring a first regulated output of the HRSG and a second regulated output of the HRSG. The method includes comparing the first regulated output to a first setpoint defining a first target output to generate a first error signal and comparing the second regulated output to a second setpoint defining a second target output to generate a second error signal. The method also includes generating, by a controller implementing a multivariable control algorithm having as inputs the first error signal and the second error signal, control signals to control the HRSG to adjust values of the first regulated output and the second regulated output.

Abstract: A technique of controlling a steam generating boiler system having multiple superheater sections includes determining multiple control signals to control a temperature of output steam to a turbine. The technique uses a first control block to determine an offset value based on multiple input temperatures and a dynamic matrix control (DMC) block to determine input steam control signals based on an output temperature and an output temperature setpoint. The technique modifies one of the input steam control signals based on the offset value. The modified input steam control signal and the unmodified input steam control signal are provided to respective field devices to control the input temperatures and, as a result, the output temperature.

Abstract: A control method for boiler outlet temperatures includes predictive control of SH and RH desuperheater systems. The control method also includes control and optimization of steam generation conditions, for a boiler system, such as burner tilt and intensity, flue-gas recirculation, boiler fouling, and other conditions for the boiler. The control method assures a proportional-valve control action in the desuperheater system, that affects the boiler system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling exhaust steam temperatures from a finishing superheater are provided. In certain embodiments, the system includes a controller which includes control logic for predicting an exhaust temperature of steam from the finishing superheater using model-based predictive techniques (e.g., based on empirical data or thermodynamic calculations). Based on the predicted exhaust temperature of steam, the control logic may use feed-forward control techniques to control the operation of an inter-stage attemperation system upstream of the finishing superheater. The control logic may determine if attemperation is required based on whether the predicted exhaust temperature of steam from the finishing superheater exceeds a set point temperature as well as whether the inlet temperature of steam into the finishing superheater drops below a set point temperature of steam.

Abstract: Method and system for adjusting a measured reheat outlet steam temperature (“RPV”) to approximate a reheat outlet steam temperature setpoint (“RSP”) in a boiler. An RPV is compared to an RSP. If the RPV is less than the RSP and a position of a fuel nozzle tilt (“TILTPV”) is below a high limit of the fuel nozzle tilt (“TILTHIGH”), the TILTPV is increased while a flow rate of a secondary flue gas recirculation (“SFGRPV”) is kept constant. If the RPV is less than the RSP and the TILTPV is at the TILTHIGH, the SFGRPV is increased. If the RPV is greater than the RSP and the SFGRPV is greater than a low limit of flow rate of the SFGR (“SFGRLOW”), the SFGRPV is decreased, while the TILTPV is kept constant. If the RPV is greater than the RSP and the SFGRPV is at the SFGRLOW, the TILTPV is decreased.

Abstract: According to the embodiment of the present invention, there are provided a first stage auxiliary burner configured to heat up the exhaust gas in the upstream side of the superheater, a second stage auxiliary burner configured to heat up the exhaust gas in the upstream side of the evaporator, a fuel supply system configured to distribute fuel so as to be supplied to the first stage auxiliary burner and the second stage auxiliary burner. Distribution of fuel charged to each of the first stage auxiliary burner and the second stage auxiliary burner is controlled in accordance with a predetermined distribution ratio of each charging quantity to whole charging quantity in all the range thereof.

Abstract: Modularized, superheated steam generators comprise a steam module (46), a thermocouple module (41), and an electrode module (45) assembled within a containment enclosure (66). The multi-stage steam module (46) comprises a plurality of first stage pressure vessels (77) surrounding and feeding a second stage pressure vessel (78). The steam module (46) is coaxially surrounded by insulation (48) disposed within a cylindrical shroud (72). The electrode module (45) radiantly heats the steam module with resistive heating elements (119). The thermocouple module (41) includes thermocouples monitoring first stage temperatures within and between pressure vessels (77). PLC computer SCADA software (600) operates the generators. Thermocouple data is analyzed to control heater temperatures, the water feeding system (340), and outputted steam temperature.

Abstract: Modularized, superheated steam generators comprise a steam module (46), a thermocouple module (41), and an electrode module (45) assembled within a containment enclosure (66). The multi-stage steam module (46) comprises a plurality of first stage pressure vessels (77) surrounding and feeding a second stage pressure vessel (78). The steam module (46) is coaxially surrounded by insulation (48) disposed within a cylindrical shroud (72). The electrode module (45) radiantly heats the steam module with resistive heating elements (119). The thermocouple module (41) includes thermocouples monitoring first stage temperatures within and between pressure vessels (77). PLC computer SCADA software (600) operates the generators. Thermocouple data is analyzed to control heater temperatures, the water feeding system (340), and outputted steam temperature.

Abstract: Modularized, superheated steam generators comprise a steam module (46), a thermocouple module (41), and an electrode module (45) assembled within a containment enclosure (66). The multi-stage steam module (46) comprises a plurality of first stage pressure vessels (77) surrounding and feeding a second stage pressure vessel (78). The steam module (46) is coaxially surrounded by insulation (48) disposed within a cylindrical shroud (72). The electrode module (45) radiantly heats the steam module with resistive heating elements (119). The thermocouple module (41) includes thermocouples monitoring first stage temperatures within and between pressure vessels (77). PLC computer SCADA software (600) operates the generators. Thermocouple data is analyzed to control heater temperatures, the water feeding system (340), and outputted steam temperature.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a desuperheater spraying valve assembly. More particularly, the invention provides a new and improved valve assembly, whereby cooling liquid may be controllably injected into a gas or a liquid stream, typically steam, to selectively maintain the gas or liquid at a predetermined temperature level. In a possible embodiment of the present invention, a class V valve assembly is disclosed. It comprises an actuator coupled to a plug with a valve seat in the proximity of said plug. The plug is affixed to an actuator rod which transverses the body of the valve assembly. A spray tube may be affixed to said valve seat and at least one spray nozzle is affixed to a to the spray tube. The plug and said valve seat are conical in shape as to when said plug is inserted into said valve, they form a seal.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for generating a steam heating medium, the method involving generating, from a nozzle, Aqua-gas or low-temperature superheated steam that is a steam heating medium by operating an electrothermal-type generator or a steam-type generator. The method comprises the step of generating Aqua-gas by increasing a water supply amount in such a manner that an internal nozzle pressure takes on a constant value exceeding a saturated water vapor pressure of water at each internal nozzle pressure set temperature; or generating low-temperature superheated steam by reducing the water supply amount in such a manner that the internal nozzle pressure does not exceed the saturated water vapor pressure of water at each internal nozzle pressure set temperature, in a relational expression relating to a flow rate of water vapor sprayed from the nozzle, and given by Expression 1 or Expression 2, as prescribed in the present invention.

Abstract: Desuperheaters having vortex suppression are described herein. An example desuperheater includes a body portion having a passageway to provide cooling water to a fluid flow path and vortex suppression device adjacent an end of the body. The vortex suppression device is disposed within the fluid flow path to attenuate or suppress vortex shedding or flow induced vibrations imparted on the desuperheater by a fluid in the fluid flow path.

Abstract: A steam generator includes a furnace configured and adapted to generate a stream of furnace exit gases from the combustion of municipal solid waste fuel. At least one superheater is disposed within an upper portion of the furnace or backpass. The superheater is configured and adapted to superheat fluids within the superheater by facilitating heat transfer between fluids within the superheater and furnace exit gases outside the superheater. At least one waterwall furnace platen is disposed within the furnace upstream from the superheater, the waterwall furnace platen is configured and adapted to lower furnace exit gas temperature at the superheater by facilitating heat transfer between fluids within the waterwall furnace platen and furnace exit gases outside the waterwall furnace platen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the generation of superheated steam. According to the invention, essentially saturated or wet steam is generated in a main vessel in which superheating is technically not possible or only restrictedly possible and which is superheated in an auxiliary plant whereby the superheater of the auxiliary plant is controlled dependent upon the steam production of the main plant.

Abstract: A control method for boiler outlet temperatures includes predictive control of SH and RH desuperheater systems. The control method also includes control and optimization of steam generation conditions, for a boiler system, such as burner tilt and intensity, flue-gas recirculation, boiler fouling, and other conditions for the boiler. The control method assures a proportional-valve control action in the desuperheater system, that affects the boiler system.

Abstract: A control method for boiler outlet temperatures includes predictive control of SH and RH desuperheater systems. The control method also includes control and optimization of steam generation conditions, for a boiler system, such as burner tilt and intensity, flue-gas recirculation, boiler fouling, and other conditions for the boiler. The control method assures a proportional-valve control action in the desuperheater system, that affects the boiler system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling exhaust steam temperatures from a finishing superheater are provided. In certain embodiments, the system includes a controller which includes control logic for predicting an exhaust temperature of steam from the finishing superheater using model-based predictive techniques (e.g., based on empirical data or thermodynamic calculations). Based on the predicted exhaust temperature of steam, the control logic may use feed-forward control techniques to control the operation of an inter-stage attemperation system upstream of the finishing superheater. The control logic may determine if attemperation is required based on whether the predicted exhaust temperature of steam from the finishing superheater exceeds a set point temperature as well as whether the inlet temperature of steam into the finishing superheater drops below a set point temperature of steam.

Abstract: This invention relates to a boiler (1) drying, igniting and combusting refuse and producing steam (2, 2a) by heat exchange with flue gases (3). Said boiler (1) comprises a reactor (16) with firing a secondary fuel (18) for generating a less-corrosive gas flow (6) and an end superheater (8) located in the flow (6) of said less-corrosive gas. Said reactor (16) could be a sintering reactor, a rotary kiln, a fluidised bed or a spouted bed. This provides for an increased lifetime of the end superheater and makes the boiler provide a high and efficient electrical power output.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a steam generator for generating steam, in particular ultrapure steam, by reacting a stoichiometric mixture comprising a fuel, in particular hydrogen, and an oxidizing agent, in particular oxygen, and injecting water into the hot reaction gases, which is distinguished by a high purity of the steam generated.

Abstract: A method is provided to inject liquid water into the normal stream of fuel, superheated air and superheated steam entering a primary reactor of a fuel processor. The injection location is in the steam supply line where superheated steam vaporizes a majority of the liquid water, preferably prior to injection into the primary reactor. Steam supplied by a vaporizer may temporarily lag desired steam production due to system up-power transients or startup conditions, coupled with vaporizer thermal lag time. Injection of liquid water overcomes this temporary deficit of steam. Additional air is also supplied as needed to improve reactance for a given steam volume/temperature. Injection rate or volume of the liquid water and air may also be based on one or more measured variables of the primary reactor.

Abstract: A saturated steam generator which is provided with a heat source for heating water to generate saturated steam and which can be small-sized. A saturated steam generator for generating saturated steam by heating water with superheated steam resulting from being superheated in a heat transmission tube (16) inserted into a heat storage tank (10), characterized by the provision of a saturated steam generator tank (12), wherein in the heat storage tank (10), disposed in a heat storage section composed by having a solid heat storage material and a liquid heat storage material filled therein are a heat transmission tube (16) and a heater (44), which heats the solid heat storage material and the liquid heat storage material, it being arranged that superheated steam resulting from passing through the heat transmission tube (16) is used as a heat source to heat stored water (22) so as to generate saturated steam.

Abstract: A steam generator has a combustion chamber which is configured for an approximately horizontal main direction of flow of the fuel gas and which is followed on the fuel-gas side, via a horizontal gas flue, by a vertical gas flue. The containment walls of the combustion chamber are formed from evaporator tubes. Temperature differences between adjacent evaporator tubes of the combustion chamber are to be kept particularly low in all the load states of the steam generator. For this purpose, a first group and a second group of evaporator tubes can be acted upon in each case in parallel by a flow medium. The first group of evaporator tubes is connected in series with the second group.

Abstract: A steam generator has an especially simple structural concept of a combustion chamber for a predetermined output range and for various qualities of different fossil fuels. The steam generator includes a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber which have a respective number of burners for fossil fuel and are constructed for an approximately horizontal main flow direction of heating gas. The first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber open into a common horizontal gas flue connected upstream of a vertical gas flue on the heating-gas side.

Abstract: After the economizer, an injection water pipe branches off the connecting pipe between economizer and evaporator in order to control the steam temperature. The injection water pipe is provided with a control device for controlling the injection water flow. The injection water flowing through the injection water pipe is injected into the steam coming from the evaporator at a mixing point located before the superheater. In order to control the position of the control device in the injection water pipe, the enthalpy at the superheater outlet is calculated from the parameters pressure and temperature and is compared with a desired enthalpy resulting from the desired parameters.