Abstract: A boiler is disclosed in which the furnace is divided into a lower furnace and an upper furnace. The lower furnace uses water-cooled membrane walls, while the upper furnace uses steam-cooled membrane walls that act as superheating surfaces. A transition section is present between the lower furnace and the upper furnace. The boiler is a high temperature sub-critical natural circulation boiler which is completely top supported. The lower furnace is supported through the transition section by the upper furnace.

Abstract: A steam boiler has at least one water and/or steam conveying element and at least one radiation element, which is an un-cooled element, arranged in the flow of hot flue gases, such that it is convectively heated by the flue gases. The radiation element is located at a pre-determined distance from the at least one water and/or steam conveying element, wherein the pre-determined distance is arranged such that the flow of hot flue gases between the radiation element and the water and/or steam conveying element is unhindered, and such that the water and/or steam conveying element is heated by heat radiation from the radiation element.

Abstract: A boiler and a method in a boiler producing thermal energy, the method including: combustion or fuel and combustion air in the furnace of the boiler, delimited by walls; receiving of thermal energy by a steam superheater placed on the wall of the furnace and including at least one heat exchange surface, and supplying of gas or a gas mixture to the front of said heat exchange surface to form a barrier layer for protecting the heat exchange surface from flue gases developed in connection with the combustion. At least one supply device is provided in the superheater or in the direct vicinity of the superheater, to supply gas or a gas mixture to the front of said heat exchange surface to form a barrier layer to protect the heat exchange surface from the flue gases in the boiler.

Abstract: A radiant superheater arranged to hang at the upper portion of a furnace of a boiler. The radiant superheater is substantially planar and includes a first vertical pass, a first connection pass, a second vertical pass, a third vertical pass, a second connection pass, and a fourth vertical pass. Each vertical pass includes an upper end and a lower end.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for generating superheated steam, comprising: a housing (10) having a cylindrical body and a combustion chamber with a hollow space portion formed in the cylindrical body, the housing having a discharge outlet (13) formed at a bottom end thereof so as to allow superheated steam to be discharged to the outside therethrough; a cover (14) mounted on a top end of the housing and having an injection inlet (12) formed at a top end thereof so as to allow steam to be injected into the housing 10 therethrough; a plurality of interval-maintaining means (20) horizontally stackingly arranged on top of one another in the combustion chamber of the housing in such a fashion that interval-maintaining means of even and odd number rows are alternately disposed and equidistantly spaced apart from one another, the interval-maintaining means of even and odd number rows having different outer diameters so as to define a fluid-communicating passageway (25) between the inner wall of the comb

Abstract: A syngas cooler apparatus includes an elongated generally cylindrical pressure vessel having an axial extremity that is a top end during normal operation of the cooler and an axial extremity that is a bottom end during normal operation of the cooler. A laterally extending support member extends within the pressure vessel proximate to the top end and front, back, and two side walls define at least one flow channel in the pressure vessel. The pressure vessel has an inlet and an outlet communicating with the flow channel. A pendant heat exchanger surface comprising a plurality of loops is disposed in the flow channel. Each of the loops is formed from tubing and the major portion of the entire axial extent of the tubing are rectilinear axial sections that are disposed with the axes thereof substantially in a vertical plan during normal operation. The pendant is disposed in the flow channel intermediate the inlet and the outlet and is supported solely from the laterally extending support member.