Abstract: A method and apparatus for extending the life of air ports and nozzles in furnaces, particularly recovery boilers for burning black liquor to produce heat and a chemical melt. Apparatus is provided for feeding combustion air into a furnace having a tube wall, the apparatus comprising: an air port disposed in the tube wall, and connected to an air duct through which air flows into and then through the air port, and into the furnace; and a protective insert of heat conductive and heat and corrosion resistant material mounted in the air port and positioned so that it is cooled by the air flowing through the air port. The protective insert has sufficient thermal mass (e.g. a volume of between 40,000-4,000,000 cubic mm) so as to effectively even out temperature peaks caused by melt splashes from the furnace impacting the vicinity of the air port, e. g. the protective insert is made out of highly corrosion resistant steel such as stainless steel.

Abstract: An air nozzle (3) mounted in the wall of a recovery boiler for supplying air from a supply duct (4) into the recovery boiler. The air nozzle (3) comprises a nozzle duct (7) attached to the wall of the recovery boiler and a separate nozzle part (3a) insertable into the nozzle duct in its longitudinal direction, air being supplied into the recovery boiler through a duct provided in the nozzle part (3a).

Abstract: A gas distribution system employing an array of parallel gas inlet pipes and a pair of transverse gas inlet pipes located below the first group of pipes to fluidize a particulate bed in a reaction vessel and to remove non-fluidizable particles that may be introduced into or form in the bed.

Abstract: A tuyere opening assembly of a vertical furnace or reactor includes at most four prefabricated elements made of moulded refractory concrete, and a lining therein of ceramized refractory keys of identical shape and size arranged therein for receiving a burner or a tuyere.

Abstract: The device comprises an oblique portion connected by a gooseneck, a nozzle, atuyere and a ball-and-socket joint to the wall of the furnace, in which the oblique portion comprises a tapered tube flange-mounted by its upper part onto an upper connection piece forming part of a bustle pipe and the lower part of which dips axially into a lower connection piece integral with the gooseneck, a bellows expansion joint and tension rods ensuring the mechanical connection between the tapered tube and the lower connection piece. The lower connection piece and the tapered tube can move mutually in the axial direction and have means for limiting their radial mobility.

Abstract: A heat exchanger feed system and method for distributing fuel through the walls of a combustor or other heat exchanger formed by a plurality of tubes each having first and second ends and adjacent tubes being connected to form an air-tight structure. A first series of the tubes are bent out of the plane of the wall to form a cylindrical passage extending at an angle to the wall through which material can flow. Each of the tubes in the series comprises a first vertical portion extending upwardly from the first end, a first diagonal portion extending upwardly from the first vertical portion and outwardly from the wall at an angle from the vertical, a second diagonal portion extending upwardly from the first diagonal portion and inwardly towards the wall at an angle from the horizontal, and a second vertical portion extending upwardly from the second diagonal portion to the second end.

Abstract: An anti-drift mechanism for a downwardly oriented port rodder for cleaning a port opening of a recovery boiler. The anti-drift mechanism prevents a cutter of the rodder from accidentally drifting from a retracted holding position into the port upon the loss of holding power to the actuator. Two embodiments are disclosed. The first is a frictional engagement with the port rodder while the second involves the use of a valve in conjuction with the actuator to trap fluid pressure and maintain the rodder in the holding position.

Abstract: An air/burner port assembly for a boiler having a water-wall and a windbox spaced rearwardly of the water-wall to form a windbox, comprises a burner and ignitor mounted in the windbox for directing and igniting fuel through a port in the water-wall. A damper door is mounted on linkages which are actuated by a piston and cylinder combination, for opening and closing the port. The burner comprises an atomizer which is mounted within a fixed sleeve for movement outwardly of the port when the damper is open, and inwardly of the port for allowing the damper to close.

Abstract: The device is composed of several separate elements consisting of at least one central tubular element connected, on one side, by means of a first ball-and-socket joint and a first compensator to a first connector supplying preheated air and on the opposite side, by means of a second ball-and-socket joint and a second compensator to a second connector. In order to reduce the length of the device, the second joint is oriented in the opposite direction to the said first joint, its center of curvature being located on the axis of the said second connector on the inside of the latter.

Abstract: Recovery boiler wind boxes are upgraded by providing an air nozzle and damper installation where the nozzle crosses through the inside of the wind box. Air is channeled from the box into the nozzle by the damper. The nozzle is convergent and jets air into the boiler's combustion chamber. The typical boiler has a plurality of combustion air ports leading into the chamber. Modifying each air port by using the nozzle and damper installation creates a surrounding arrangement of air jets about the chamber which creates turbulent mixing in the boiler's furnace gases.

Abstract: The device is composed of several tubular elements equipped with an inner refractory lining and connected, on one side, to the wall of the furnace by means of a downpipe, an elbow, a tuyere and a nozzle and, on the other side, to a main circular pipeline arranged round the furnace and fed with preheated air. Cooling coils are embedded in the mass of refractory lining and are fed with cooling air circulating through the coils in the same direction as the preheated air. The outlet of the coils opens into the inner conduit conveying the preheated air.

Abstract: The tuyere (3) is clamped in place with its inlet end by way of an integrally formed flange (4) in a flange connection (5) of a pipe adapter (6) attached to the wall (2) on the outside, and a pipe connection (7), the outlet end of this tuyere being freely extended through the wall (2) up into the chamber (1) traversed by the flow. The primary field of application is the use of the tuyere in the treatment of hot flue gas having a temperature of 700.degree. to 1100.degree. C. with a reducing agent for decreasing nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A cast air nozzle is adapted to be mounted on the bottom of a combustor, particularly a fluidized-bed combustor. The air nozzle comprises a substantially gun-shaped body having a substantially horizontal upper part with a front portion and a rear portion, and a substantially vertical lower part with a through, substantially vertical inlet duct, two substantially horizontal outlet ducts in the upper part extending from the upper end of the inlet duct and opening at the front end of the front portion. The outlet ducts diverge towards the front end of the front portion, whereby an air current flowing through the air nozzle is caused to leave the nozzle in the form of horizontal diverging air jets. The upper part has at the front portion a horizontal planar upper surface and at the rear portion a backwardly-downwardly inclined upper surface, said surfaces forming an angle with each other, whereby the material in the combustor, which is conveyed across the air nozzle, does not collect on the upper portion.

Abstract: A water-cooled air supply system for the combustion chamber of an incinerator. A longitudinal trough is formed in the lower end of the combustion chamber and a plurality of air supply tubes are spaced above the bottom of the trough. Elongated shrouds are secured in spaced relation to the upper and lower portions of each air supply tube and define cooling passages that receive a cooling medium. A plurality of outlet ports are located in each side of each air supply tube between the spaced edges of the shrouds and air is discharged from the ports into the lower end of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The temperature of a burner in the reaction zone of a partial oxidation gas generator is controlled so that there is substantially no condensation of H.sub.2 O from the hot raw product gas on the surface of the burner. Burner corrosion is thereby reduced. In the method, burner coolant is introduced into the burner at a pressure greater than that in the reaction zone and at a temperature in the range of about 5.degree. to 50.degree. F. higher than the dew point of the raw product gas contacting the burner in the reaction zone. The heated water coolant leaving the burner flows to a pressurized receiving vessel and its temperature is reduced by expansion into a feed vessel. Saturated steam is produced from a portion of the flashed water and is separated in the feed vessel for use as a heat source. Steam condensate is thereby produced and recycled to the feed vessel as make-up. The cooled liquid water coolant is then pumped into the inlet to the burner at a higher pressure than that in the feed vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus for regulating and cleaning air passages (4) provided in the side-wall of a furnace, such as a soda recovery boiler, and connected to an air box positioned outside the wall, comprising a sleeve member reciprocatably mounted in the air box and insertable into the air passage. The rear opening of the sleeve member connects to and is supported by a hollow section of an elongate holder which is slidably mounted in the longitudinal direction thereof and extends through the wall of the air box, and which holder is operatively connected to a driving device. The hollow section of the holder comprises at least one air inlet.

Abstract: The nozzle of the invention comprises a hollow tubular enclosure (1) in which is provided a hollow tubular chamber (10) coaxial with the enclosure and extending from the yoke (7) to the vicinity of the snout (5) thereof; the chamber (10) is connected through the yoke to a supply network (14) and at its circular front end it is provided with tangential orifices (15) for tangential injection of the cooling liquid on the internal surface of the snout.

Abstract: A burner apparatus for a smelting furnace comprising a burner body having a tip insertable into and withdrawable from a burner inserting bore in the wall of the furnace, a seal bar insertable into and withdrawable from the bore for closing the bore, shifting means for alternatively positioning the tip or the seal bar in alignment with the bore, and means for driving the tip and the seal bar into and out of the bore. When the burner is not used for auxiliary combustion, the seal bar is inserted into the bore to prevent the bore and the burner nozzles from clogging with splashes of molten metal and slag.

Abstract: A burner block for an industrial furnace is resiliently seated in a hollow annular member, the latter being made of a metal such as stainless steel and the burner block being made of a refractory material. Because of the resilient mounting, the burner block is seated firmly in the annular member even though these two parts have different rates of thermal expansion. In addition, a cooling fluid is circulated within the interior of the annular member to cool the latter so that the furnace may operate at a temperature which is well above the temperature at which the annular member loses its structural integrity. All of this permits the burner block assembly to be mounted effectively on the metal outer shell of the furnace without relying upon the refractory lining of the furnace for support.

Abstract: A vertically disposed gas distributor for injection of combustion air into a shaft kiln. The air distributor extends from the upper portion of the shaft kiln to an intermediate combustion zone, and includes at least one cooling water inlet line and at least one cooling water return line. The cooling water inlet and return lines extend along and adjacent to the outer surface of a central gas conduit. The distributor includes an insulation layer covering the central gas conduit and the cooling water inlet and return lines, and includes a baffle member which directs cooling water from the cooling water inlet line around the outlet end of the gas conduit and to the cooling water return line.

Abstract: A furnace in which burners are incorporated into water-cooled tube panels without the need for heavy steel castings, the furnace including one or more walls formed of upright tubes having fins connecting adjacent tubes, some of said tubes and associated fins in said wall or walls for at least part of their length being outwardly, with respect to the interior of the furnace, out of line with other tubes in said wall to define upright recesses, fuel nozzles and openings for the entry of combustion air being provided through the portions of said fins which define in part the upright recesses, the arrangement of said fuel nozzles and said openings being adapted such that fuel supplied from said fuel nozzles and combustion air supplied from said openings enter the recesses in converging streams.

Abstract: The device is adapted to avoid the drawbacks of conventional arrangements including tie-rods and tensioners and in particular ensure a correct centering of the nozzle relative to the heel of the tuyere. The device comprises mainly a support fixed to the casing of the blast-furnace which defines slideways in which there is received a plate rigid with the lower cone of the blast downpipe. Means are provided for rendering the cone rigid with its support before disassembly. These means are withdrawn in normal operation.

Abstract: A tuyere for a melting furnace, which comprises inner and outer walls forming a water cooling space therebetween; a cylindrical intermediate wall dividing the water cooling space into an inner water cooling chamber and an outer water cooling chamber, whereby the cooling water is first introduced into the outer water cooling chamber from the outside of the furnace, circulated into the inner water cooling chamber from the inner end portion at the furnace side of the outer water cooling chamber and thereafter discharged from the outer end portion of the inner water cooling chamber; and a guide wall disposed in the outer water cooling chamber so as to form a helical passage for the cooling water, said helical passage being so devised that a portion of the passage located so as to be subjected to a relatively high heat load has a cross-sectional area smaller than that of other portions of the same.

Abstract: A cast tuyere has two independent cooling circuits for the nose and the body portions, respectively. The nose channel for the coolant having been formed by a removable frangible core around which the nose portion has been cast. The nose channel preferably additionally includes a rod extending centrally through it so as to define an annular passage for the cooling water.

Abstract: Blast furnace tuyeres and like hollow-walled cooling devices have one or more water inlet conduits in the wall formed with a terminal constriction so as to discharge cooling water as a high speed jet against the specially contoured inside surface of the nose preferably normal to the tuyere end. The jet impinges on that inside surface at a low angle and the surface is curved to change the direction of the jet preferably by 90.degree. or more, so that the stream is held against the surface to be cooled not only by the force of the jet but also by centrifugal force.

Abstract: Apparatus for cleaning the air nozzles of a chemical recovery boiler, including a scraping sleeve slidable back and forth in the nozzle for removing built-up deposits. Also included is an air damper for regulating air flow to the nozzle.

Abstract: Air admittance ports in the wall of a refuse burning furnace are provided with reciprocable sleeve members which in the first hand govern the air flow, but also may be used to scrape the ports free of deposits. These sleeves are interconnected in groups so they can be manipulated simultaneously for cleaning purposes, but nevertheless may be adjusted individually as well as group-wise for flow governing purposes.