Abstract: A method for reducing turbolag in a turbocharged internal combustion engine includes demanding torque for shifting the internal combustion engine from a stationary engine mode to a transient engine mode, closing an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve during the transient engine mode, repositioning guide vanes of a Variable Geometry Turbine (VGT) turbo unit from a first position when in the stationary engine mode to a second position when in the transient engine mode, increasing a duration of overlapping of at least one inlet valve and at least one outlet valve provided in a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine from as first duration when in the stationary mode to a second duration when in the transient mode for increasing the amount of air flowing from an inlet manifold to an exhaust manifold and thereby increasing acceleration of a turbine of the VGT turbo unit.

Abstract: A spark plug includes an insulator body provided with a longitudinally-extending through bore. A one-piece, central electrode is secured within the longitudinally-extending through bore, while simultaneously providing an annular zone communicating with a combustion chamber. An earth lower electrode projects diametrically-inward towards the central electrode and is spaced a longitudinally-fixed distance beyond the lower end of the central electrode. A first, non-central longitudinally-extending bore in the insulator body is connected to a fuel metering device for controllably admitting fuel to the combustion chamber. A second, non-central, longitudinally-extending bore in the insulator body is connected between the combustion chamber and an exhaust manifold to exhaust gases from the combustion chamber. A lower-threaded base connects the spark plug to an opening in the combustion chamber.