Abstract: A drive mechanism module for use in a reciprocating pump converts rotational movement of a drive shaft to reciprocating movement of a reciprocating pump component transversely to the drive shaft. The drive mechanism module includes a connection member for attachment to the reciprocating pump component, a translating member that drives movement of the connection member in a first transverse direction while reciprocatingly translating in a second transverse direction relative to the connection member, a rotating member that rotates eccentrically with the drive shaft, and a rotary bearing assembly that permits rotation of the rotating member relative to the translating member while driving transverse movement of the translating member. The drive mechanism module may define a bearing fluid path for creating a hydrostatic or hydrodynamic fluid bearing at the interface of the connection member and the translating member.

Abstract: A connecting rod for an internal combustion engine may include a connecting rod shank, a large connecting rod eye, and a small connecting rod eye with a pin bore. An end face of the small connecting rod eye may also include at least one overhang, the overhang running parallel to a central axis of the pin bore over its entire width transverse to the central axis of the pin bore. An edge of the overhang may also run parallel to the central axis of the pin bore.

Abstract: A sliding block for a scotch yoke reciprocating piston engine having a base body with a receiving opening for cooperating with a crankpin of a crankshaft and side surfaces, which are oriented toward slide ways of a scotch yoke during operation, with a supply of pressurized lubricant from the receiving opening for the crankpin to the side surfaces being provided during operation, characterized in that the base body is provided with sliding plates in the region of the side surfaces oriented toward the slide ways of the scotch yoke, characterized in that the sliding plates are supported in floating fashion relative to the base body and between the sliding plates and the side surfaces, there is a gap, which is at least partially filled with lubricant during operation of the scotch yoke reciprocating piston engine.

Abstract: A crank circular slider mechanism that includes a multi-row reciprocating motion part and a one-row reciprocating part. The multi-row reciprocating motion part has a guiding part divided by a longitudinal groove into two rows parallel to each other, each of which has a hole for a circular slider. The one-row reciprocating motion part has a guiding part which can be inserted into the longitudinal groove of the multi-row reciprocating motion part along the thickness direction, so as to vertically traverse the multi-row reciprocating motion part. The guiding part of the one-row reciprocating motion part includes a hole receiving a middle circular slider. Two circular sliders are mounted in the same phase; the middle circular slider is sandwiched therebetween and is located with a 180 degree phase difference compared to them. Adjacent circular sliders are secured to each other.

Abstract: An actuator containing a drive mechanism that moves a locking pin forward and backward. Said drive mechanism is provided with the following: a holder that holds the locking pin; a cam member that has a cam gear; and a power-transmitting member in which a lower gear to which power from a motor is transmitted and an upper gear coupled to the cam gear are formed. The cam is offset from the center of rotation of the cam gear. The holder is pushed in a forward/backward direction by reciprocal motion of the cam within a range that constitutes less than a full revolution about the center of rotation of the cam gear. A region into which part of the lower gear fits and a region through which the cam moves are provided in a space above one surface of the cam gear.

Abstract: A variable compression ratio apparatus includes: a piston defining a combustion chamber, a connecting rod connected to the piston; an eccentric link eccentrically connected to the piston, a swing link connected to the eccentric link so as to rotate the eccentric link, a crankpin to which the connecting rod is connected, and a crank web disposed at both sides of the crankpin and provided with a guide portion for guiding downward motions of the eccentric link and the swing link when the eccentric link and the swing link move downward. Thereby, the downward motions of the eccentric link and the swing link are stabilized.

Abstract: Disclosed is a piston (16) that is capable of not only suppressing the occurrence of knocking but also reducing cooling loss in an internal combustion engine in which a tumble flow is formed in a cylinder. The piston for the internal combustion engine in which the tumble flow is formed in the cylinder includes a non-adiabatic region (50) that is a region on a piston upper surface (35) brought into contact with the tumble flow during an intake stroke and has no insulating layer. The piston also includes an adiabatic region (52) that is a region on at least a part of the piston upper surface excluding the non-adiabatic region and has an insulating layer.

Abstract: A cylinder for an internal combustion engine having co-annular dual pistons. The cylinder has a main cylinder having a main cylinder wall and a cylinder head, a first or outer piston having an annular crown, an inner cylinder wall that defines an inner cylinder, and an annular outer sidewall extending from the periphery of the crown, an inner piston having a crown, and an annular inner sidewall extending from the periphery of the crown. A solenoid-actuated pin selectively secures the outer piston with the main cylinder during a portion of each cylinder cycle. The inner piston reciprocates within the inner cylinder during both the air inlet and compression strokes, while the outer piston reciprocates within the main cylinder only during the power stroke and the exhaust stroke, to increase the piston crown surface area exposed to the combustion gases to maximize the power and efficiency.

Abstract: An engine based on a reciprocating piston engine that extracts work from pressurized working fluid. The engine includes a double reed outlet valve for controlling the flow of low-pressure working fluid out of the engine. The double reed provides a stronger force resisting closure of the outlet valve than the force tending to open the outlet valve. The double reed valve enables engine operation at relatively higher torque and lower efficiency at low speed, with lower torque, but higher efficiency at high speed.

Abstract: An engine having improved combustion characteristics is provided. The engine includes a fuel injection system that is variable between two operational states. In the first operating state, the fuel injectors provide a fuel spray having first spray pattern characteristics. When the system detects that an operation characteristic exceeds a threshold, the fuel injectors are displaced into a second operating state. In the second operating state, the fuel injectors provide a spray pattern having first spray pattern characteristics. The combustion cycle may be characterized by timing the fuel injection so that the fuel is sprayed into the cylinder early in the compression stroke. Further still, the combustion cycle may be characterized by controlling the fuel pressure so that the fuel pressure is inversely related to the load on the engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reciprocating piston composed of ceramic material for a reciprocating-piston engine with crank drive, wherein the reciprocating piston is rigidly screwed to a piston rod by a screw, wherein between the reciprocating piston and the piston rod there is braced at least one disc composed of metallic material, wherein the screw is composed of a metallic material, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion ?piston of the material of the reciprocating piston is lower than the coefficient of thermal expansion ?screw of the material of the screw, and the disc is an expansion compensation disc, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion ?Disc 1;2 of the material of the expansion compensation disc is greater than the coefficient of thermal expansion ?screw of the material of the screw, and to a reciprocating-piston engine having a reciprocating piston of said type, and to a cylinder of a reciprocating-piston engine having a cylinder of said type.

Abstract: A bearing connection having a connecting rod connected rigidly to a piston and a crankshaft driven by the connecting rod. The connecting rod is connected on the crankshaft side to a transverse bearing for a sliding block, the sliding block being mounted such that it can move to and fro in the transverse bearing and a rolling contact bearing being arranged in the sliding block in order to receive the crank pin of a crankshaft. At least one cavity is formed in the piston crown and, in the area thereof close to the piston longitudinal axis, is connected to an oil feed line running through the connecting rod and that the oil feed line in the connecting rod is led or extended to the end region thereof remote from the piston and, from there, is led onward into the interior of the transverse bearing via a transfer channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piston (10, 110, 210) for an internal combustion engine, comprising a piston crown (13), a circumferential ring part (16), a circumferential cooling channel (27) arranged in the vicinity of the ring part (16), boss supports (21) connected below the piston crown (13), piston bosses (18) connected thereto, and a piston skirt (17). According to the invention, a cavity (28) closed on all sides and having a closure element (29, 129, 229) arranged in the direction of the piston skirt (17) is provided below the piston crown (13).

Abstract: A reinforced piston assembly provides a piston having a corrugated insert supporting an outer piston layer. The corrugated insert can include lateral, concentric or radial corrugations and can include regular or irregular corrugation spacing. The corrugated insert in some embodiments forms a circular disk and can include a plurality of insert holes defined in the disk. A laminated connecting rod having at least two rod layers is pivotally attached to the piston in some embodiments. The laminated connecting rod provides a first end having a diverging section with first and second rod prongs each forming a wrist pin socket. A wrist pin can extend through each socket, and a sleeve is disposed about the wrist pin between the wrist pin sockets. Additionally, one or more flanges can extend from the opposite end of the connecting rod, and a base cap including one or more flange recesses is positioned on the connecting rod for securing the connecting rod to a crankshaft.

Abstract: The horizontally opposed center fired engine improves on the traditional design of the horizontally opposed engines and center fired engines with a better engine geometry. The present invention utilizes four pairs of opposing pistons to compress a larger volume of air-fuel mixture within four different cylinders. The four different cylinders are radially positioned around a center axle in order to achieve a perfectly symmetric engine geometry. The center axle consists of two different shafts spinning in two different directions, which could drastically reduce engine vibrations in the present invention. Engine vibrations are caused by a change in engine speed and result in a loss of energy. Due to the design, the present invention will only experience energy loss in the form of entropy and friction. Thus, the present invention can convert a higher percentage of chemical energy into mechanical energy than any other internal combustion engine.

Abstract: This invention is related to an environment friendly, high speed internal combustion engine wherein the fuel is used at high efficiency by improving the connecting rod mechanism and by changing the piston structure and wherein the waste gas emission release is at a minimum level.

Abstract: A piston for internal combustion engines, having a series of conical openings at the center of each skirt section, each conical opening being horizontally located one to another and each conical opening in one skirt section aligned to another conical opening at the opposite skirt section. Each conical opening is also aligned to an oil drain hole at the oil groove located at the crown of the piston and having the external diameter larger that its internal diameter. Once installed, said conical openings forms an internal storing unit, wherein the oil or lubricant is stored and distributed constantly after being squirted out from the rod bearing to the piston, allowing the formation of a continuous lubricant film, without reducing the strength of the piston structure.

Abstract: A three-stroke internal combustion engine completes a complete combustion cycle of exhaust, intake, compression, ignition, and expansion within a single revolution of a crankshaft by a single stroke of a first piston and a single stroke of a second piston within a single cylinder.

Abstract: A one-piece piston having an investment or other permanent or non-permanent mold/die precision cast piston crown, rod flange and piston skirt. The piston crown has a relative constant thickness, a flange requiring minimal machining and a skirt providing for a wall with a support against the angular shifting of the piston. This improves the distribution of heat within such crown and the angular stability of the piston wall at the piston rod connection.

Abstract: A piston and connecting rod assembly wherein the piston includes an inner cooling gallery defined in the body thereof beneath the crown of the piston, an outer cooling gallery defined between the skirt of the piston and the body and beneath the crown. A pin bore is formed in the body. A connecting rod is adapted to interconnect the piston and crankshaft where the connecting rod has at least one end with a bore extending therethrough and adapted to be aligned with the pin bore of the piston. At least one end of the connecting rod is in fluid communication with the inner cooling gallery of the piston and includes a reservoir formed on the end of the connecting rod which is adapted to collect coolant therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to units for piston machines, primarily internal combustion engines. A connecting rod and piston assembly comprises a piston, which is accommodated in a cylinder and is provided with a head and an insert, a piston pin, and a connecting rod with top and bottom heads and a bar. The insert is in the form of a hollow, box-like stiffening rib that transmits reactive load from the connecting rod to a housing via contact surfaces. The top head and a part of the connecting rod bar are accommodated in the box cavity, and a hole for the piston pin is provided in the side walls of the insert box. The head is connected to the insert with the aid of a hinged joint so that the head can self-center along the cylinder surface by moving in all directions with respect to the insert on a plane that intersects the longitudinal axis of the cylinder.

Abstract: A lubrication system comprising a bore including an inlet for receiving lubrication, an outlet for distributing lubrication, and a inner passageway extending between the inlet and outlet is provided. The outlet may be provided with a wider opening than the passageway. The outlet may further include a groove having a radius of curvature, and defined by a pair of flat or curved sidewalls, and a pair of curved end walls each extending toward the inner passageway.

Abstract: A piston of a gasoline direct engine may include a protuberance portion protruding along a circular arc shape having a radius (R1) equal to the piston diameter to have a predetermined height (T) from the upper surface thereof, and the edge of the protuberance portion is rounded to be connected with the upper surface; a bowl (B) having a bottom surface (F1) having an asymmetrical ellipse shape from the center of the protuberance portion to the intake side direction thereof, wherein the bottom surface thereof becomes deeper in the exhaust side direction to have a predetermined slope angle (?1), and the inner wall portion thereof has a circular arc shape to form a predetermined rising angle (?2) at the upper part thereof; and trumpet portions (TR) of which edge ends (E) thereof are expanded in the intake side direction of the protuberance portion to be connected to the bowl (B).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a rotating connector engaged rotatably in the rotatable receptacle. The rotating connector includes two rotational axles, two radial arms extending from the rotational axles, and an off-center middle axle connected to the two radial arms, and the two rotational axles share a common axis and are parallel to the off-center middle axle. The upper end is rotatably connected to the off-center middle axle of the rotating connector and the lower end is rotatably connected to the crankshaft. The internal combustion engine goes through an engine cycle comprising an intake phase, a compression phase, a expansion phase, and a exhaust phase. During the intake and compression phases the piston travels between a top dead center and a first bottom dead center. During the compression and exhaust phases the piston travels between a second bottom dead center to the top dead center.

Abstract: A piston/connecting rod arrangement for an internal combustion engine has a piston upper part with hub supports which lie opposite one another and have hubs and hub holes which delimit a recess, in which the small connecting-rod eye of a connecting rod is arranged. A piston pin is mounted in the small connecting-rod eye and the hub holes. There is at least one oil-guiding face to be provided on that face of the hub support which faces the recess. At least one oil-guiding face opens into at least one oil-collecting space which is arranged in the hub hole, in such a way that the oil-guiding face guides oil into the oil-collecting space.

Abstract: There is provided an internal combustion engine in which the inside thereof is uniformly cooled. In an engine serving as the internal combustion engine, a piston reciprocates within a bore provided in a cylinder block, and a connecting rod coupled to the piston transmits motive power to a crankshaft. The internal combustion engine includes a rear-side oil jet through which oil is injected from the connecting rod side of the piston to a skirt inner region and a skirt outer region of the piston.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine including at least one engine cylinder includes a cylinder cavity with first and second stopping members interconnected by a cylinder wall, the cylinder further includes two piston members slidably moveable within said cylinder cavity and between extreme positions intermediate between two stopping members, two piston members combust between their faces and cylinder wall pushing them with their power transmittal members alternatively to revolve the cogwheel and axle. By the ratchet function of power transmittal member or cogwheel, each piston has its free returning movement without clinging with the cogwheel and axle, allowing each piston continuously and alternatively revolves the axle without waste of energy for returning movements.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine which includes two parallel crankshafts positioned in crankcases, a cylinder positioned on a side of the crankcases, a piston movably disposed within the cylinder, and connecting rods linked to the piston and extending from respective crankshafts. Positions at which the two connecting rods are linked to the piston and the crankshafts are constantly kept symmetrical with respect to a cylinder axis when the two crankshafts rotate in opposite directions.

Abstract: A piston (10), a spring (15) operatively coupled to a piston, the spring being inside (21) or outside (41) the piston, and if the spring is inside the piston, the diameter of the spring is equal to 0.7 to 0.9, and if it is outside of the piston it is an external coil spring which is outside the cylinder which contains the piston and is able to provide a force of thousands of pounds per inch, and furthermore so that at light load the compression ratio (CR) is greater than 13 to 1 designated as CR0, at medium load has a compression ratio less then CR0 but greater than CReff, and at wide open throttle (WOT) has a CR equal to Creff, the CR is less than CR0 as would occur at medium or higher load which would lead to a flexing of the spring, and the cycle on the compression stroke is known as the HCX cycle where the pressure goes between Ppre and less than or equal to Pf.

Abstract: A spring-supported crankshaft coupling structure used in an engine and coupled between a piston and a crankshaft to enhance the output torque of the engine is disclosed to include a connector axially movably coupled to the piston by a slip joint, a stop device fixedly fastened to the piston to limit the moving distance of the connector relative to the piston, a spring member mounted in the piston and adapted to impart a downward pressure to the connector, and a connecting rod adapted to couple the connector to the crankshaft.

Abstract: A crankshaft coupling structure used in an engine and coupled between a piston and a crankshaft to enhance the output torque of the engine is disclosed to include a connecting rod, the connecting rod having a top end coupled to the piston by a slip joint and a bottom end pivoted to the crankshaft, and a slide slidably coupled to a sloping face inside the piston above the oblong coupling hole, the slide having two bottom lugs bilaterally pivoted to the top end of the connecting rod above the oblong coupling hole of the piston.

Abstract: A crankshaft 12, a piston 14, and a connecting rod 16 coupling the piston to the crankshaft. The piston 14 has an arcuate track slot 40 that receives and guides a rider pin 42 coupled to the connecting rod 16. The rider pin 42 travels side-to-side along the arcuate track slot 40 as the piston 14 reciprocates so that the connecting rod 16 pivots about the center of curvature 48 of the arcuate track slot, which is above the piston 14. In this way, the connecting rod 16 has an effective length that is greater than its actual length, and its maximum angle at mid-stroke is reduced, resulting in increased power transmitted to the crankshaft 12.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine that completes four cycles, intake, compression, expansion and exhaust in one revolution of the crankshaft is disclosed. The combustion chamber is formed with four parallel vanes joined at their ends by shared bearings and pivot pins within two fixed parallel walls. The vanes lozenge across alternate corners of the chamber to change the volume defined by the four moveable vanes and the two fixed parallel walls. The chamber volume changes from a minimum to a maximum to a minimum and back to the original maximum to achieve four cycle operation with one crank shaft revolution. The crankpin may have two side by side connecting rods rotating each of the adjacent driven vanes. The driven vanes may be connected about a common shared pivot pin that extends into the fixed side walls and the other two interconnected follower vanes may be driven in rotation and translation about their shared and common pivot pins.

Abstract: A composite crankshaft counterweight of a two-cycle internal combustion engine includes a “T” shaped counterweight surrounded by a cup-shaped retainer that holds light weight inserts against the counterweight. Together with the counterweight the inserts create a full circle that reduces the empty volume in a crankcase of a two-cycle engine.

Abstract: A crankshaft 12, a piston 14, and a connecting rod 16 coupling the piston to the crankshaft. The piston 14 has an arcuate track slot 40 that receives and guides a rider pin 42 coupled to the connecting rod 16. The rider pin 42 travels side-to-side along the arcuate track slot 40 as the piston 14 reciprocates so that the connecting rod 16 pivots about the center of curvature 48 of the arcuate track slot, which is above the piston 14. In this way, the connecting rod 16 has an effective length that is greater than its actual length, and its maximum angle at mid-stroke is reduced, resulting in increased power transmitted to the crankshaft 12.

Abstract: A piston and connecting rod assembly includes a piston crown, a piston skirt, a connecting rod, and a bearing insert. The piston skirt is a component separate from the piston crown and is connected to the piston crown to provide a piston body. The bearing insert is a component separate from the piston crown and the piston skirt and is fixedly disposed within the piston body. A bearing surface of a connecting rod contacts the bearing insert to thereby movably associate the connecting rod and the piston body.