Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward an engine system and a multi-mode combustion method for an internal combustion engine using hydrogen as a fuel. The engine system comprises a combustion system including a step-lipped piston bowl, a cover opposing the piston bowl, a hydrogen direct injector, and a radially asymmetrical pre-chamber partially opposite the lip of the piston bowl. The multi-mode combustion method includes injecting hydrogen and air a first time into the combustion system through the hydrogen direct injector, and jet igniting the fuel-air mixture in the combustion system. The injecting occurs during an intake stroke at low loads, and during a compression stroke at medium and high loads, Injecting hydrogen and air into the combustion system a second time via the hydrogen direct injector occurs either during or after jet-igniting, the hydrogen and air being at least partially ignited by compression.

Abstract: A passive prechamber spark plug for use in a combustion chamber of a vehicle engine includes an upper prechamber having an upper opening where the upper prechamber is connectable to the combustion chamber via the upper opening. An air ignition spark is formable via an upper air spark gap. A central electrode is disposed in an upper region of the upper prechamber where a base of the upper prechamber opposite the upper region is an insulator. An electrically conductive element or a slot is guided by the insulator continuously from the upper prechamber into a lower region under the base and the lower region is either a lower prechamber or is arrangeable directly in the combustion chamber. An earth electrode is disposed in the lower region such that a lower air-surface gap spark gap is formed between the earth electrode and the electrically conductive element or the slot.

Abstract: A combustion control system and method for a turbulent jet ignition engine is presented. A controller is configured to access a trained feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) configured to model a first spark from a first ignition source and maximum brake torque (MBT) based on measured operating parameters, generate the first spark and MBT using the ANN, generate a second spark from a second ignition device, and determine a target spark timing. The ANN can be further configured to receive an input related to spark stagger.

Abstract: A pre-chamber arrangement (100) for a gas engine (1), including a pre-chamber body (20) accommodating a volume (30); and an inlet passage (40) with an inlet port (42), for supplying a gaseous medium (50) into the pre-chamber volume (30); the pre-chamber volume (30) extends in a longitudinal direction (L) between a top end (32) and a bottom end (34); the pre-chamber volume (30) is configured to accommodate an end of a spark plug (60) at the top end (32) and at the bottom end (34), the pre-chamber body (20) has openings (26) for allowing gas to flow between the pre-chamber volume (30) and a main combustion chamber (10) of the gas engine (1); the inlet port (42) is positioned, at a distance (D) from the top end (32) of the pre-chamber volume (30), in the longitudinal direction (L), such that a volume of residual gases is trapped at the top end of the pre-chamber volume when the gaseous medium is supplied into the pre-chamber volume during an intake stroke.

Abstract: A combustion control system and method for a turbulent jet ignition engine is presented. A controller is configured to receive a torque request, determine a target spark stagger based on a first spark from a first ignition device and a second spark from a second ignition device, determine an adjusted maximum brake torque (MBT) based on the spark stagger, determine a delta spark based on a difference between the adjusted MBT and an actual leading spark from the first and second ignition devices, determine a torque efficiency based on the delta spark, estimate an actual torque, and command a first and a second spark timing from the first and second ignition devices to satisfy the torque request.

Abstract: A piston for use in a GDCI engine cooperates with the wall of a cylinder defined in the engine and with a cylinder head to define a combustion chamber. The surface of the piston that faces the cylinder head defines a bowl that is configured to receive fuel that is dispensed from a fuel injector that is located in the cylinder head substantially along the central axis of the cylinder. The bowl is configured such that substantially all of the injected fuel associated with a combustion event reaches a localized equivalence ratio greater than 0.0 and less than or equal to 1.2 at a time immediately preceding initiation of the combustion event.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling an aspirator shut-off valve in an engine of a hybrid vehicle. One example method includes opening the aspirator shut-off valve following a shut-down command to the engine when engine speed is between a first engine speed and a second engine speed, the first engine speed being lower than an idle speed and the second engine speed occurring before an imminent engine stop. The example method further includes not opening the aspirator shut-off valve between the first engine speed and the second engine speed if an oxygen content of an emission control device is at or near a threshold.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for a variable volume pre-chamber igniter, which may be coupled in an engine system. In one example, a method may include adjusting an internal volume of a pre-chamber igniter based on operating conditions by adjusting a position of a cap of the pre-chamber igniter, the pre-chamber igniter including a plurality of orifices fluidically coupling the pre-chamber igniter to a main combustion chamber of a cylinder of an engine. By adjusting a position of the cap, the internal volume of the pre-chamber igniter may be increased or decreased to provide reliable ignition to the cylinder across a wide range of operating conditions.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a prechamber. In one example, the prechamber comprises an interior volume fluidly coupled to flow channels of an ignition plug and a bracket. The bracket is configured to move relative to the ignition plug and a cylinder head to misalign the flows channels and block the flow of air to the interior volume.

Abstract: A pre-chamber for a fuel injector is disclosed. The pre-chamber includes a cylindrical body member extending axially from a first end portion to a second end portion opposite to the first end portion. The pre-chamber further includes a bottom plate located proximal to the first end portion of the cylindrical body member. The pre-chamber also includes a sacrificial member extending axially outwards from the second end portion of the cylindrical body member.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a pre-chamber ignition system. In one example, a pre-chamber ignition system may include a pre-chamber extending into a combustion chamber, a piston protrusion shaped to fit through a bottom aperture of the pre-chamber, and a plurality of orifices formed by sidewall of the pre-chamber. A method for the pre-chamber ignition system includes adjusting spark timing within the pre-chamber and pressing the protrusion into the pre-chamber to ignite air/fuel within a main chamber.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling an aspirator shut-off valve in an engine of a hybrid vehicle. One example method includes opening the aspirator shut-off valve following a shut-down command to the engine when engine speed is between a first engine speed and a second engine speed, the first engine speed being lower than an idle speed and the second engine speed occurring before an imminent engine stop. The example method further includes not opening the aspirator shut-off valve between the first engine speed and the second engine speed if an oxygen content of an emission control device is at or near a threshold.

Abstract: An igniter system for a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine having one or more cylinders including at least one igniter per cylinder is disclosed. The igniter system can comprise: a combustion chamber connected to a main cylinder of the engine by a restricted diameter bore, wherein a lean burn fuel mixture is introduced into the combustion chamber by the normal compression stroke of the engine; a hydrogen valve that injects a hydrogen rich gas into the combustion chamber forming a mixture of hydrogen and air having a hydrogen concentration above the stoichiometric ratio for hydrogen and air in the combustion chamber; and a spark ignition source that injects hot unburned hydrogen into the main cylinder, thereby initiating ignition.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for controlling an engine using pre-chamber ignition. According to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, the system includes a pre-chamber ignition system in communication with a combustion cylinder of the engine. The ignition system includes a pre-chamber having a pre-chamber injector, an igniter, and a pre-chamber port structured to introduce a purge gas into the pre-chamber. The system further includes an exhaust gas recirculation system to dilute a main charge introduced into the cylinder. The ignition system improves engine efficiency and lowers emissions.

Abstract: A method for operating an auto-ignition internal combustion engine that is operable in a single substance mode in which the internal combustion engine is supplied with self-igniting liquid fuel, and a dual substance mode in which the internal combustion engine is supplied with the liquid fuel as an ignition agent and gaseous or liquid alternative fuel, includes operating the internal combustion engine in the dual-substance mode at an increased exhaust gas recirculation rate relative to the single-substance mode, and throttling an air supply in an intake system of the internal combustion engine such that a lambda value in an exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is in a range greater than 1 up to 1.3.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a combustion bowl shape of a direct injection diesel engine for reducing soot. The combustion bowl shape of the direct injection diesel engine for reducing soot according to the present disclosure includes: a lip part protruding from an internal circumferential surface; a main combustion bowl formed at a lower side based on the lip part; and a sub combustion bowl formed at an upper side based on the lip part, in which a diameter ratio of a combustion bowl entrance diameter of the sub combustion bowl to a main combustion bowl maximum diameter of the main combustion bowl is 1.10 to 1.40.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for a prechamber unit (10) of a gas engine, comprising a prechamber unit (10) in the form of an elongated body (12) arranged to be placed in an upper part of the engine's cylinder, and where the elongated body (12) comprises a prechamber gas valve (20) and an ignition means (22) arranged side by side, and one or more channels (24) for supply of fuel gas via the prechamber gas valve (20) to a prechamber (26) in a lower part of the elongated body (12). Said prechamber (26) comprises further in the axial direction, an elongated cavity (28) with nozzles (30) placed at the end for supply of ignited fuel gas to the engine's cylinder with the help of the ignition means (22). The elongated cavity (28) in the prechamber (26) is divided into several connected, and in cross-section, graduated or tapered cavities (28a, 28b, 28c), where an uppermost cavity (28a) is widest in the cross-sectional direction and a bottom cavity (28c) is narrowest in the cross-sectional direction.

Abstract: Cool combustion refers to combusting fuel in a region of equivalence ratios and temperatures between a soot production region and a NOx production region. Cool combustion is achieved by compressing air in a variable volume of an internal combustion engine beyond an auto-ignition point of a fuel. The compressed air is made to flow in an airflow passage by movement of a piston in the vicinity of top dead center. Fuel is injected into the compressed air stream, auto-ignites and burns in the low emissions region between NOx and soot formation regimes.

Abstract: A rapid compression device for use in initiating combustion within an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The rapid compression device employs a prechamber adapted to be in fluid communication with a main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. A piston is provided within a cylinder of the prechamber and compresses natural gas therein to a degree sufficient to auto-ignite the gas when mixed with air. The auto-ignition of the gas and air mixture results in combustion gases which are communicated to the main combustion chamber for ignition of the air and gas mixture provided therein as well.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of homogeneous charge compression engines. In these engines, fuel is injected upstream or directly into the cylinder when the power piston is relatively close to its bottom dead center position. The fuel mixes with air in the cylinder as the power piston advances to create a relatively lean homogeneous mixture that preferably ignites when the power piston is relatively close to the top dead center position. However, if the ignition event occurs either earlier or later than desired, lowered performance, engine misfire, or even engine damage, can result. Thus, the present invention divides the homogeneous charge between a controlled volume higher compression space and a lower compression space to better control the start of ignition.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of homogeneous charge compression engines. In these engines, fuel is injected upstream or directly into the cylinder when the power piston is relatively close to its bottom dead center position. The fuel mixes with air in the cylinder as the power piston advances to create a relatively lean homogeneous mixture that preferably ignites when the power piston is relatively close to the top dead center position. However, if the ignition event occurs either earlier or later than desired, lowered performance, engine misfire, or even engine damage, can result. Thus, the present invention divides the homogeneous charge between a controlled volume higher compression space and a lower compression space to better control the start of ignition.

Abstract: A rapid compression device for use in initiating combustion within an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The rapid compression device employs a prechamber adapted to be in fluid communication with a main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. A piston is provided within a cylinder of the prechamber and compresses natural gas therein to a degree sufficient to auto-ignite the gas when mixed with air. The auto-ignition of the gas and air mixture results in combustion gases which are communicated to the main combustion chamber for ignition of the air and gas mixture provided therein as well.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a working cycle for a heat engine, especially of the reciprocating piston type, having a gas as working medium, including the steps of isentropic compression of the gas, isochoric addition of heat to the gas, isentropic expansion of the gas, and isochoric return of the gas to its initial condition. The invention is characterized in that the gas, before or during the compression, is divided into two portions, that the gas portions are compressed to different degrees, that heat is added only or mainly to the gas portion compressed to the lowest degree, and that the two gas portions are brought into connection with each other and are expanded together.

Abstract: A spark-ignition fuel injection internal combustion engine is provided with a sub-combustion chamber in communication with a main combustion chamber. An injecting device intermittently injects mixture gas into the sub-combustion chamber. A volumetric ratio of each of the sub-combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber is set within a range of 1:4 to 3:2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for integrated injection and ignition of fuel in internal combustion engines, particularly Otto engines with separate fuel ignition. The device includes an integrated injection module (14) and ignition module (6). The ignition module includes a body that can be attached to the top of the engine and that has an internal tubular shape the lower part of which merges with a conically shaped cavity (7) with the base open towards the engine combustion chamber (2), such that the conically shaped cavity (7) forms a supplementary smaller volume of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, for motor vehicles having a direct fuel injection and externally supplied ignition, which has at least one combustion chamber enclosed between a cylinder head and a reciprocating piston displaceable in a cylinder bore, the combustion chamber being closable by at least one inlet valve for air aspiration. To attain extensive homogeneity of the mixture formation in direct fuel injection that assures reliable, thorough combustion of the mixture, the combustion chamber is preceded at its upper end by a chamber, which opens toward the combustion chamber and has an inside cross section that is substantially smaller than the combustion chamber and increases steadily toward the combustion chamber. The injection and ignition take place in the chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber divided into two regions by an arcuate barrier on the top of the piston and a complementary arcuate barrier formed in a cavity of the cylinder head. When the piston is at top dead center, the combustion chamber is effectively divided into two portions with approximately ten percent of the chamber being in the vicinity of a fuel injector and a spark plug. By this structure, the engine minimizes the amount of fuel used at idle and at very low power levels, and yet engine performance at higher power levels is not affected.

Abstract: This invention relates to an in-cylinder injection internal combustion engine. A lower wall of a cylinder head, said lower wall defining an upper wall of a combustion chamber, is configured in the form of a pentroof composed of an intake-valve-side, tilted, lower wall and an exhaust-valve-side, tilted, lower wall. A spark plug is arranged in the vicinity of a top part of the pentroof-shaped upper wall of the combustion chamber. A top wall of a piston, said top wall forming a lower wall of the combustion chamber, is configured in the form of a pentroof having an intake-valve-side, tilted, top wall and an exhaust-valve-side, tilted, top wall formed so that they correspond the intake-valve-side, tilted, lower wall and the exhaust-valve-side, tilted, lower wall of the cylinder head. A recessed portion is arranged in the intake-valve-side, tilted, top wall in the top wall of the piston.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of precombustion chamber configurations for two-cycle crankcase compression diesel engines. The precombustion chamber and its communicating throat are oriented so as to maintain a uniform fuel distribution in the precombustion chamber and to provide good flow into the main combustion chamber that will provide a homogeneous mixture without the flow being directed toward the exhaust port at the time the exhaust port is open. A number of embodiments show constructions that permit uniformity of tumble action in the precombustion chamber and a high velocity for the tumble action to improve turbulence and mixing. All of these factors go together to reduce NOx emissions.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising an engine block defining a cylinder having a longitudinal axis, an upper end, and a cross-sectional area in a plane perpendicular to the axis, a piston reciprocally moveable in the cylinder along the axis, the piston having an upper surface, a cylinder head including a lower surface portion closing the upper end of the cylinder, the lower surface portion extending generally perpendicular to the axis and having therein an upwardly extending recess, the recess having an upper end, a lower end, and a height, the lower end of the recess having an area in a plane perpendicular to the axis, the area being equal to approximately one-fifth the cross-sectional area of the cylinder, the height being equal to at least one-third of the cylinder diameter, a fuel injector supported relative to the cylinder head for injecting fuel into the recess, and a spark plug which is supported relative to the cylinder head and which extends into the recess for creating a spark.

Abstract: An ignition device for an internal combustion engine comprising a smal pre-chamber 1 having a volume of about 0.7 of the volume of an associated combustion chamber, a small outlet orifice 1a in a pre-chamber having a dimensionaless throat parameter of about 0.4 to 0.7, a valve 2 controlling the introduction of hydrogen gas to the pre-chamber 1 via a valve driver 3 and a spark plug 4 for igniting the hydrogen rich mixture (about 3 times stoiciometric) in the pre-chamber to cause an ignition jet of burning gas to issue from the orifice 1a to promote efficient combustion and to reduce NOx emissions at lean burning mixtures and at higher compression ratios without knock.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises one or more pairs of first and second cylinders, the first cylinder having a larger swept volume than the second cylinder and respective first and second pistons reciprocable in the cylinders. The second piston has a drive stem and divides the second cylinder into a first volume containing the drive stem of the second piston and a second volume between the two pistons. An air inlet and an exhaust outlet are provided for the first cylinder. A common combustion space is formed between the pistons when the pistons are substantially at their inner dead center positions, the combustion space comprising the second volume. A transfer means enables gas flow between the first volume and the combustion space towards the end of the compression stroke while an inhibiting means inhibits the movement of fuel/air mixture from the first volume into the second volume until towards the end of the compression stroke of the second piston.

Abstract: A combustion system for gas, non-dual-fuel engines utilizes a torch cell having a glow plug and a fuel injector. Pilot fuel is directed to the surface of the glow plug and main fuel is supplied to the torch cell. Reduced compression ratios are permitted, enabling use of low octane gaseous fuels and starting without assist from main chamber diesel operation.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine fueled with a coal-water slurry is described. About 90 percent of the coal-water slurry charge utilized in the power cycle of the engine is directly injected into the main combustion chamber where it is ignited by a hot stream of combustion gases discharged from a pilot combustion chamber of a size less than about 10 percent of the total clearance volume of main combustion chamber with the piston at top dead center. The stream of hot combustion gases is provided by injecting less than about 10 percent of the total coal-water slurry charge into the pilot combustion chamber and using a portion of the air from the main combustion chamber that has been heated by the walls defining the pilot combustion chamber as the ignition source for the coal-water slurry injected into the pilot combustion chamber.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fuel combustion system for a lean burn internal combustion engine. Because of the lean fuel/air ratio, it is difficult to consistently achieve complete and thorough combustion within the main combustion chamber because of the relatively slow rate of flame propagation. The subject fuel combustion system includes a precombustion chamber assembly defining a prechamber having a preselected shape and volume and includes a plurality of ejection passages. The passages are of a preselected geometric cross-section for directing and controllably expanding burning gases from the prechamber into the main combustion chamber at a velocity greater than the speed of sound in order to penetrate and cause igniting and burning in the main combustion chamber for faster and more complete combustion.

Abstract: Torch jet ignition is used to assist conventional spark ignition. A small (0.5-1 cc) chamber in a spark plug has an orifice (0.1-0.2 cm diameter) adjacent the spark gap to emit a torch jet into the main combustion chamber to enhance the combustion. The combustion is initiated by the conventional spark in the combustion chamber and the combustion ignites the torch jet. In another embodiment, two spark gaps in series are used, one in the main combustion chamber and one in the torch chamber.

Abstract: A gas engine of a pre-chamber type in which a pre-chamber is arranged in communication to a main combustion chamber, an intake passage is arranged to supply lean mixture to the main chamber, a gas pipe is provided to form rich mixture by fuel gas in the pre-chamber, and a spark plug adapted to ignite the rich mixture in the pre-chamber prior to the combustion of lean mixture in the main combustion chamber, is characterized in that an area of a section of the pre-chamber gradually decreases toward the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a moving piston within a combustion chamber that is temporarily divided into two zones when the piston is at and near its minumum volume position. Fuel is confined to a first zone where the fuel is ignited to generate combustion wave energy that drives gas within the second zone in Helmholtz resonance through a restricted passageway. Air from the second zone is periodically expanded into the first zone through the passageway to improve the combustion process in the first zone before the piston moves substantially away from its minimum volume position.

Abstract: A low compression reciprocating internal combustion piston engine with a prechamber in the head connected to a main combustion chamber in the piston, the prechamber having an igniter, a pilot fuel injector and connecting lineal passage; the main chamber including a fuel injector for mixing the prechamber gases with the gases being compressed in the cylinder. The engine is a hybrid having transitional combustion modes from spark-ignited stratified charge mode at low power, to a spark-assisted compression ignition at higher power loads, and a strictly compression ignition mode at maximum power loads.

Abstract: An auxiliary chamber injection port providing communication between a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber has its axis composed of a combination of a straight line and an arc in a manner to satisfy the following relationships: .theta..sub.1 <.theta..sub.2 ; 20.degree..ltoreq..theta..sub.1 .ltoreq.45.degree.; and 35.degree..ltoreq..theta..sub.2 .ltoreq.67.5.degree., if the outflow angle of the axis of said auxiliary chamber injection port at the open end at the side of said auxiliary combustion chamber is designated at .theta..sub.2 with respect to a plane normal to the center line of said auxiliary combustion chamber and if the outflow angle of the axis of said auxiliary chamber injection port at the open end at the side of said main combustion chamber with respect to a plane normal to the center line of said auxiliary combustion chamber is designated at .theta..sub.1.

Abstract: A direct injection internal combustion engine of a compression ignition type uses swirl injection nozzle having relatively small penetration and relies on the combination of an intake swirl and compression squish flow as well as a substantial fuel spray angle to uniformly distribute fuel throughout the interior of a throttled combustion cavity recessed in the piston.

Abstract: A compression-ignition internal combustion engine has a secondary combustion chamber in communication with the main combustion chamber via an injection passage extending from one end of the secondary chamber, and a fuel injection nozzle for injecting fuel into the secondary chamber from an opposite end thereof. The injection nozzle includes a pair of fuel discharge orifices having axes lying in mutually parallel relationship and are disposed for essentially bisecting the secondary chamber, and the injection passage has a length smaller than the diameter thereof.

Abstract: An externally auto-ignited four-stroke internal combustion engine which includes a combustion chamber disposed in an upper surface of a piston such that, in an upper dead-center position of the piston, the combustion chamber receives almost all of the fuel-air mixture. The combustion chamber includes a planar bottom portion and has a cross-sectional shape of a truncated cone expanding in a direction of the cylinder head. The internal combustion engine also includes a recess or depression provided in the cylinder head and disposed eccentrically with respect to a longitudinal center axis of the cylinder. The depression or recess in the cylinder head has the shape of a truncated cone expanding in a direction of the piston, with a spark plug projecting or penetrating into the recess or depression in the cylinder head.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combusting diesel, gasoline, kerosene, alcohol and other compression ignition fuels in either direct or indirect injection compression auto ignition internal combustion engines which enables such engines to operate at low compressions. The apparatus includes an ignition chamber which functions to receive a portion of the incoming fuel charge thereby concentrating such portion in an area separate from the auxiliary or primary combustion chambers.

Abstract: In a turbulence chamber diesel engine, fuel consumption, smoke and noise are reduced by a transfer port arrangement having a plano-convex lens-like cross section with rounded off edges in which a convex side is disposed inwardly toward the cylinder axis and a flat side is disposed outwardly toward the cylinder periphery, the port cross-sectional area equals about 1% to 0.7% of that of the cylinder and the port angle of entry with the cylinder closed end is about 37.degree. to 44.degree..

Abstract: A fuel injection type internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head having a flat inner wall, and a piston having a flat top face. The flat inner wall and the flat top face form a squish area therebetween. A recess having a lung shaped cross-section is formed in the cylinder head. A shallow groove is formed on the flat inner wall of the cylinder head so as to extend from the intake valve to the recess. The exhaust valve is arranged on the bottom of the recess. A depression connected to the recess is formed on the shallow groove. The spark plug is arranged in the depression. The cylinder head has a portion located between the recess and the intake passage. A fuel injector is arranged in the intake passage. The nozzle of the fuel injector is directed to an inner wall portion of the intake passage, which is located near the recess.

Abstract: A diesel cycle internal combustion engine has at least one cylinder and a precombustion chamber formed by a cavity in a metal insert in the cylinder head of the engine the precombustion chamber being formed in two coaxial generally cylindrical parts the first part being larger than the second and situated upstream thereof in relation to the flow of fuel through the precombustion chamber from a fuel injector which closes one end; the two parts of the precombustion chamber are joined by a frusto-conical section with rounded regions where it joins the first part of the precombustion chamber, and the second part of the precombustion chamber communicates with a duct which leads to the combustion chamber of the cylinder.

Abstract: A method of combusting natural gas fuel in a two cycle, turbocharged internal combustion engine substantially reduces the production of nitrogen-oxygen emissions. An improved turbocharger design provides increased air charging pressure, produces a controlled lean air/fuel mixture and lowers peak combustion temperatures. A jet cell ignition device ensures uniform, reliable ignition of the lean air/fuel mixture under all operating conditions and the lean air/fuel mixture in turn encourages complete fuel combustion and provides excellent combustion characteristics with methane, ethane and heavier paraffinic hydrocarbon fuels. These structural modifications and adjustment of other operating parameters combine to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2) emissions by as much as 75% while effecting only a negligible increase in fuel consumption.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber, an injection chamber connected thereto through an injection port, a secondary inlet passage opening to the injection chamber, and a secondary inlet valve for opening and closing the secondary inlet passage. A spark plug extends into the combustion chamber with the spark gap of the plug close to the injection port. At the suction stroke of the engine, air in the injection chamber is injected near to the spark gap through the injection port to blow away the combustion gas around the gap and also to generate a strong swirl and turbulence of the mixture in the combustion chamber, thereby improving firing and combustion of the lean mixture in the combustion chamber to reduce the discharge of noxious components in the exhaust gas and to improve the fuel consumption.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber, an injection chamber connected thereto through an injection port, a secondary inlet passage opening to the injection chamber, and a secondary inlet valve for opening and closing the secondary inlet passage. A spark plug is extended into the combustion chamber so as to dispose a spark gap of the plug close to the injection port. At the suction stroke of the engine, air in the injection chamber is injected near to the spark gap through the injection port to blow away the combustion gas around the gap and also to generate a strong swirl and turbulence of the mixture in the combustion chamber, thereby improving firing and combustion of the lean mixture in the combustion chamber to reduce the discharge of noxious components in the exhaust gas and improve the fuel consumption.