Abstract: A method of operating a diesel engine which overcomes problems encountered during use of a low cetane fuel with long ignition delays is disclosed. The method provides for a staged injection of an emulsified diesel fuel into the combustion chamber of the diesel engine. In particular, the method includes the steps of (A) injecting a pilot volume of an emulsified diesel fuel into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine, wherein the emulsified diesel fuel includes water and diesel fuel, (B) compressing the pilot volume of the emulsified diesel fuel within the combustion chamber during a compression stroke of the diesel engine, and (C) injecting a main volume of the emulsified diesel fuel into the combustion chamber of the diesel engine, whereby heat generated by compression of the pilot volume of the emulsified diesel fuel causes the pilot volume of the emulsified diesel fuel to combust so as to ignite the main volume of the emulsified diesel fuel.

Abstract: A water injection amount control system for a fuel and water injection engine, comprises running state detecting unit for detecting the running state of the engine; an EGR system for recirculating part of exhaust gas of the engine to a combustion chamber of the engine; EGR system operating state detecting unit for detecting or estimating the operating state of the EGR system; water injection amount regulating unit for regulating an amount of water to be injected to the combustion chamber of the engine; and control unit for controlling the operation of the water injection amount regulating unit: wherein the system is arranged to have water injection amount setting unit for deciding a water injection amount based on information from the running state detecting unit and on the operating state of the EGR system detected by the EGR system operating state detecting unit, so that the control unit controls the operation of the water injection amount regulating unit based on the water injection amount decided by the w

Abstract: An engine (10) having a series of cylinders (12, 14, 16 and 18) in which pistons (30, 32, 34 and 36) are arranged for reciprocation and which are connected to a crankshaft (38). Two of the cylinders (12 and 18) operate in an Otto cycle, and water is injected through injectors (74) into the exhaust gases of those cylinders for conversion into steam which is directed to the other cylinders (14 and 16) for expansion to drive the pistons (32 and 34).

Abstract: An environmentally accommodating, reduced NOx, spark or plasma ignited, reciprocating, multi-fuel engine utilizing direct, in-cylinder water injection and an optional oxygen enriched air supply is able to operate as an ultra-lean burn, high compression ratio engine for notable power output and increased efficiency. The in-cylinder low-temperature water injection promotes numerous desirable effects. One, the in-cylinder water injection during compression stroke significantly lowers compression temperatures through the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid water to the gaseous form. The lower temperature of compression permits increased compression ratios while avoiding pre-ignition. As well, the low-temperature water injected air/fuel or enriched O.sub.2 /air/fuel mass demands less work in the compression stroke thereby increasing overall engine efficiency. The low-temperature water injection promotes increased mass flow through the engine for increased power output and efficiency.

Abstract: Fuel injector apparatus is described, for use on internal combustion engines using slurry fuels, wherein a portion of the engine air mass is passed through an aspirator passage shortly prior to combustion and the slurry fuel is aspirated into this air portion. The thusly mixed air and fuel slurry is distributed throughout the engine combustion chamber via several exit channels from the aspirator. The fuel portion of the slurry is reduced to a very small size when the slurry is prepared, and fine atomization of the slurry during injection into the engine is not needed. Hence relatively low velocity slurry injection can be used and injector wear problems greatly reduced.

Abstract: NOx emissions from diesel engines are reduced by mixing water in the diesel fuel to reduce combustion temperatures. The water is proportionately mixed into the diesel fuel and the mixture is injected into the cylinders. When the engine is not operating, the water separates from the diesel fuel and causes rusting. In accordance with this invention, the mixing of water into the diesel fuel is terminated before the engine is shut off so diesel fuel purges the system of the water/diesel fuel dispersion so that there no longer is water in the diesel fuel supply system by the time the engine is stopped.

Abstract: A diesel engine is adapted to operate in a conventional diesel combustion mode within a first speed and load range, and in a homogeneous charge compression ignition mode in a second load and speed range. When operating in the homogeneous charge compression ignition mode, the emissions are dramatically reduced, resulting in a significant net reduction in emissions over the total load and speed operating range of the engine.

Abstract: An injection valve arrangement for injecting a pressure medium into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine comprises a valve body formed with a feed duct and an actuation chamber, and an elongated valve member fitted in the valve body and movable in the valve body between an open position and a closed position. The valve member is formed with an internal chamber which is in communication with the feed duct and is also formed with one or more nozzle orifices which provide fluid communication between the internal chamber and the combustion chamber when the valve member is in the open position. The valve member has a piston surface bounding the actuation chamber such that force acting on the valve member due to pressure in the actuation chamber urges the valve member toward its open position against the force of a spring.

Abstract: A closed-loop control system controls the timing and amount of water injected into a combustion chamber of a homogeneous charge compression ignition diesel engine to regulate the start of combustion during the compression stroke or early in the expansion stroke of each combustion cycle. A sensor is used to detect the start of combustion and deliver a signal to an engine control unit to adjust water injection timing and quantity, on a cycle-by-cycle basis, to obtain the desired start of combustion during each compression stroke of the engine. The present invention effectively overcomes the problem of repeatable and accurate control of the start of combustion in diesel engines operating in a homogeneous charge compression ignition mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for feeding liquid fuel to a diesel-type I.C. engine, said device comprising a pipe feeding fuel to the injection pumps of said engine, said feed pipe forming a feed loop and comprising a pipe for admission of said fuel, means for treating and circulating said fuel and a pipe for introducing additional liquid into said fuel, characterized in that the point of connection of said pipe for introducing additional liquid to said fuel feed pipe is located immediately upstream of that part of said feed pipe which supplies said injection pumps of said engine, and in that a closure valve, capable of closing said feed pipe, is located immediately downstream of said part of the feed pipe which supplies said injection pumps of said engine.

Abstract: An injection device for a combined injection of a fuel and a supplementary liquid, into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. In this device, the fuel is injected by means of an injection valve controlled by an electromagnetic valve, and the injection valve additionally has a connection to a supplementary liquid pressure source that is provided with an intermittent-supply piston driven by a controlled pressure medium. For the pressure medium, pressure is drawn from a pressure reservoir; the pressure is supplied by a high-pressure feed pump provided for creating high pressure for fuel to be injected.

Abstract: An injection valve arrangement for injecting an auxiliary medium into a combustion chamber of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine in order to reduce the concentration of noxious substances in the exhaust gases of the engine comprises a valve body bounding a first chamber into which the pressure medium is continuously fed through a feed duct and an elongated valve member for controlling the feeding of the auxiliary medium from the first chamber into the combustion chamber of the cylinder and being spring-loaded toward a closed position, in which it prevents the injection of the additional medium. The valve body also bounds a second chamber into which the auxiliary medium is fed, and the pressure prevailing in the second chamber urges the valve member toward the closed position.

Abstract: A fuel injection method and system for a Diesel engine, with an injection nozzle (1) supplied with a first fuel through a high-pressure pump (3) through a reservoir (2), wherein the engine can operate--rather than with the first fuel--with the second fuel in the form of pure fuel or of an emulsion of fuel and another substance that is insoluble in the fuel. Means are provided by which the second fuel is guided in a circuit through injection nozzle (1) and the second fuel, when the injection nozzle is actuated, is injected into the engine through the first fuel, which is under high pressure, from reservoir (2) to injection nozzle (1), with the mixture ratio of the fuel and additional substance in the second fuel being adjusted in the circuit.

Abstract: An environmental accommodating, reduced NOx, spark or plasma ignited, reciprocating, multi-fuel engine utilizing direct, in-cylinder water injection and an optional oxygen enriched air supply is able to operate as an ultra-lean burn, high compression ratio engine for notable power output and increased efficiency. The in-cylinder low-temperature water injection promotes numerous desirable effects. One, the in-cylinder water injection during compression stroke significantly lowers compression temperatures through the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid water to the gaseous form. The lower temperature of compression permits increased compression ratios while avoiding pre-ignition. As well, the low-temperature water injected air/fuel or enriched O.sub.2 /air/fuel mass demands less work in the compression stroke thereby increasing overall engine efficiency. The low-temperature water injection promotes increased mass flow through the engine for increased power output and efficiency.

Abstract: A system and method for the identification of the fuel being transported within a fuel delivery system of an internal combustion engine that may utilize an advanced fuel such as a fuel in water emulsion is provided. The identification of the fuel is accomplished using a fuel identification sensor that distinguishes the fuel type based on differences in optical properties, electrical properties, physical properties, or other characteristics between an aqueous fuel emulsion and a conventional fuel. The disclosed fuel identification device is readily incorporated in an anti-tampering device for preventing the use of a conventional fuel, such as diesel fuel, in an engine designed and certified for aqueous fuel emulsions.

Abstract: A method and system for the control of the overall water content of an aqueous fuel in an internal combustion engine is provided. The disclosed fuel control system includes a post add water system and a control valve that is responsive to selected engine operating characteristics such as engine operating temperature, engine load, and carbon monoxide levels in the engine exhaust. The post add water system is adapted for selectively providing an additional supply of purified water via the control valve to the aqueous fuel in the fuel line. The fuel system controller is operatively associated with the control valve to regulate the quantity of water added and thereby control the overall content of water in the aqueous fuel emulsion delivered to the fuel injectors.

Abstract: An engine injection system for a combined injection of fuel and an auxiliary fluid into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A fuel injection pump is used for pumping both fuel and the auxiliary fluid at high pressure. The pump communicates with an injection nozzle and, via a magnet valve assembly, with a fluid metering device, which in turn communicates via a metering line with the injection nozzle. Connecting the magnet valve assembly directly to the supply outlet of the fuel injection pump upstream of an equal-pressure valve, and providing a pressure generator in the metering device, given a suitable triggering of the magnet valve assembly, the remaining supply stroke of the pump piston of the fuel injection pump after the end of the fuel injection by the injection nozzle is utilized to generate the requisite metering pressure in the metering device to enable the auxiliary fluid that is to be metered to be stored in the injection nozzle.

Abstract: An accumulator-type injection system having an injector and a control valve connected with the injector for controlling injection. In a first switching position of the control valve, an injector body fuel duct, which leads in front of the orifices, is connected with a fuel accumulator. In a second switching position, a passage is opened up by the control valve which connects the fuel duct with a return flow. As a result, in the injection pauses, the fuel pressure in front of the orifices can be lowered approximately to the ambient pressure so that the inclusion of water in front of the orifices takes place at a low pressure.

Abstract: A fuel system is provided for injecting gaseous fuel derived from an electrolytically conductive emulsion of gasoline and water into an internal combustion engine. The system includes a source of electrolytically conductive water hydrocarbon emulsion, means for vaporizing the emulsion, and means for feeding the gaseous vapor to a fuel injection system operative to inject a predetermined amount of gaseous fuel into each of the engine cylinders. An electronic control module is provided which controls the rate at which each fuel injector mixes air with the gaseous vapor and the rate at which the injectors inject the air/fuel mixture to the cylinders.

Abstract: A combustion engine having a combustion chamber with a side port in a sidewall thereof interconnecting the combustion chamber with a side manifold. The side port is positioned between about 25% and about 75% of the stroke length from the bottom dead center position of the pistons. The engine includes a fluid injection system which provides an alcohol-water mixture to the side manifold to maintain the manifold at an elevated pressure. The pressure manifold is heated to provide for expansion of the fluids provided thereto and is readily removable to allow for normal functioning of the engine.

Abstract: A fuel storage and delivery apparatus for providing one or more non-miscible fuels to a multi-fuel engine has a fuel reservoir adapted for storing first and second non-miscible fuels in communication with each other. The first and second fuels define a phase interface therebetween. The fuel reservoir has a bottom, and first and second outlets adapted to respectfully receive first and second fuels. The first and second outlets are positioned adjacent the bottom and the phase interface. The fuel delivery apparatus has means for respectfully maintaining the first and second outlets adjacent the bottom and the phase interface. The fuel delivery apparatus also has means for sensing the fluid levels of the first and second non-miscible fuels in the reservoir, and producing fluid level signals in response to the sensed fluid levels.

Abstract: In order to prevent the increase of NOx due to an excessively high combustion temperature and the increase of HC and CO due to an excessively low combustion temperature, by feeding an emulsion of a fuel oil and water having a water content suitable for the combustion state in cylinders to a Diese engine, there is proposed: A combustion parameter sensor (3) for detecting combustion parameters inside cylinders such as an internal pressure of the cylinder, an engine knock, an exhaust gas, etc. and a water charging quantity judgement/regulation circuit (2) for setting a water charging quantity to a fuel are disposed in a Diesel engine (1). A water charging quantity controller (4) feeds water to an emulsion formation apparatus (5) in a quantity corresponding to a water charging signal from the water charging quantity judgement/regulation circuit (2).

Abstract: A thermal regenerator used on an internal combustion engine normally absorbs heat from expanded hot combustion gases when moved in one direction and transfers the absorbed heat to the compressed intake air when moved through the air in an opposite direction. In order to improve efficiency of the thermal regenerator, finely dispersed cooling liquid is added into the intake air to cool the intake air to a lower temperature before the thermal regenerator transfers the absorbed heat. When compressing a mixture of finely dispersed cooling liquid in the intake air, the vaporization of the cooling liquid reduces compression work and the resultant temperature. The reduced compression temperature allows more heat to be extracted from the exhaust, raises the effectiveness of the regenerator and the efficiency of the engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a diesel engine, which comprises preparing an emulsion of an aqueous urea solution in diesel fuel, and supplying said emulsion to a diesel engine for combusting therein, whereby combustion of the emulsion leads to a reduction in the nitrogen oxides emissions from the diesel engine when compared with combustion of diesel fuel alone.

Abstract: In a fuel injection system for an internal-combustion engine which includes a dual-fluid nozzle which is supplied with fuel by a high-pressure pump and with water by a feed pump providing a substantially lower pressure than the high-pressure pump and which has disposed in a nozzle body a nozzle needle which is spring biased into a closing position where one end of the needle is seated on a valve seat, a fuel supply passage extends to an annular space around the valve needle and a branch passage leads to a control chamber formed at the other end of the valve needle and includes a solenoid valve for controlling the application of pressurized fluid to, and the release thereof from, the other end of the nozzle needle, an additional fluid line extends from the feed pump to the annular space and includes a check valve for permitting flow of additional fluid only toward the annular space and a pressure relief line in communication with the fuel supply passage via a control valve, and a control device is provided for

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a diesel engine of water injecting type having fuel injecting valves and water injecting valves wherein water mists are adapted to reach high-temperature regions of fuel mists so that the temperature can be reduced to inhibit the generation of NOx. In order to achieve the object, the fuel injecting valves and the water injecting valves are arranged separately in different sites, ones in the top wall of the cylinder cover and the others in the side wall, so that high-temperature regions of fuel mists are mixed with water mists in right angles to each other to lower the combustion temperature thereby reducing the generation of NOx.

Abstract: A system for simultaneously increasing combustion efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions. Oxygen enriched air (i.e., air from which a portion of the nitrogen has been removed so that the oxygen concentration is higher than in normal air) and water droplets of predetermined size are both present in the cylinder of a four cycle internal combustion engine during the power/combustion stroke. Oxygen enriched air may be mixed with normal air drawn into the combustion chamber during the intake stroke. Also, and alternatively, the droplets may be water or H.sub.2 O.sub.2 bubbles filled with normal or oxygen-enriched air.

Abstract: A vaporized fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine includes a housing adapted to be mounted on the engine and having a vaporizer heat shell therein connected to the engine for receiving hot exhaust gases. Air is compressed by means of compressor blades mounted at the tips of the conventional fan blades for the engine. The compressor blades travel in a shroud whereby the air is compressed and supplied to the housing where it passes over the vaporizer heat shell. A fuel vaporization chamber is formed directly on the heat shell and liquid fuel is injected directly onto the heated shell for vaporizing the fuel. When the engine is cold, the liquid fuel may be injected directly onto glow plugs disposed in communication with the chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emulsion fuel engine which uses an emulsion fuel as a fuel and contemplates provision of an emulsion fuel engine which prevents inadvertent failure in starting caused by separation of emulsion fuel and deterioration of the durability of parts of an injection system and is reduced in production of NOx or soot and in specific fuel consumption. The emulsion fuel engine comprises a fuel injection pump for supplying a first fuel to a fuel injection nozzle, and emulsion fuel supplying means for supplying an emulsion fuel, which is obtained by emulsifying the first fuel and a second fuel which is insoluble to the first fuel, to an injection pipe between the fuel injection pump and the fuel injection nozzle.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having multiple constant volume combustion chambers associated with each piston of the engine. The combustion within each of the combustion chambers is controlled to obtain fully developed combustion with high pressure resulting in improved efficiencies. Water injectors are used during combustion to increase pressures and lower the temperature of gases within the combustion chambers for controlled release of gases into a cylinder. Ultrasonic energy elements are used to assist in the combustion process. With the use of multiple constant volume combustion chambers for each cylinder, the combustion and release of gas pressure is controlled resulting in greater efficiencies and longevity of the engine.

Abstract: A water injection Diesel engine undergoes stable combustion even though the amount of water to be injected is relatively large. A common fuel injection valve of the water injection Diesel engine injects fuel and water into a cylinder of the engine. A change-over valve and a control valve are provided for alternately opening and closing a fuel feed passage and a water feed passage connected to a water passage of the fuel injection valve. Alternatively, control valves are provided for effectively opening and closing a water feed and a fuel feed which are connected discretely with a fuel passage within the fuel injection valve. In each embodiment, a multi-layered column of alternating layers of water and fuel is formed in the fuel injection valve so as to be injected during a single fuel injection cycle.

Abstract: An improved fuel/water injection device of a diesel engine injects both fuel and water into a combustion chamber of the engine from the same fuel injection valve in a manner which reduces both the black smoke and NO.sub.x in the exhaust gas. During each injection, 5% or more and 75% or less of the total amount of fuel is firstly injected; subsequently, a total amount of water is injected; and finally, the remaining fuel is injected.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with water injectors and a source of pressurized water having at least one injector valve operated by a computer which senses various operating conditions of the engine and in response to said conditions opens or closes the injector valves allowing or blocking the passing of high pressure water into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Internal combustion engines to increase the engine output without altering the cylinder capacity, and comprising liquid injection valves (26, 46) by which fixed quantities of prescribed liquids are injected into combustion chambers (14a, 14b), timed to the detonation process in the internal combustion engine, and heating means by which the liquids injected from the liquid injection valves (26, 46) are heated beforehand to a predetermined high temperature by utilizing the intense heat generating around and nearby said combustion chambers (14a, 14b), so that the device enables effective utilization of heat energy generating around and nearby cylinders as well as increasing the engine output by the sudden expansion of the liquid injected into the combustion chamber pressing the piston therein with a powerful downward stroke.

Abstract: The heat efficiency of a piston combustion engine is increased by addition of a steam-gas cycle to the working cycle of the combustion engine. After the working cycle of the engine is finished the combustion products of the engine are again compressed in the cylinder, and water is injected into the cylinder near the end of the working stroke and at the start of the following additional compression stroke. This cools down the combustion products and causes transmission of heat accumulated in the walls of the engine to the mixture of combustion products and water mist, which mixture is expanding in the following expansion stroke.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston reciprocally movable in the cylinder, the cylinder and piston defining in part a chamber for combustion, intake means for introducing air into the cylinder at predetermined intervals, exhaust means for removing combustion gases from the cylinder at predetermined intervals, and a regenerator liner in at least a part of the chamber, the liner having a structure with surfaces defining a plurality of regenerative cells constructed to cyclically admit, hold and discharge compressed air from the cylinder for thermally insulating the cylinder from the heat of combustion, the engine including a mechanism to maintain the piston displaced from the cylinder to avoid contact of the piston with the liner and including a positive displacement, rotary compressor-expander to precompress air delivered to the piston cylinder and receive combustion gases from the cylinder to drive the compressor-expander.

Abstract: Liquid fuel and water pressurized by fuel and water pumps are forced into a aporizer which is heated by hot exhaust gases of a piston engine. The resulting vapor mixture is blown into the combustion chamber of a cylinder head of the engine at a speed up to that of sound near the end of the engine's compression stroke where it mixed with precompressed air. The resulting explosive mixture is ignited by self-ignition or by spark plug and the water vapor content mixed with the fuel vapor lowers the combustion temperature, resulting in a significant reduction of nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gases. The ratio of water vapor to fuel vapor is preferably 1:1 to 3:1 and the temperature at which the vapor mixture is introduced into the cylinder is above the dew point of the fuel in the fuel vapor and water vapor mixture. The mixture of fuel with air is approximately stoichiometric. Diesel oil is useable, and also such bio-mass fuels as vegetable oils.

Abstract: A method of and an arrangement for burning a liquid or gaseous fuel in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A method of and an arrangement for burning a liquid or gaseous fuel in the presence of air or another oxidant and by the use of water in a combustion chamber (12) of an internal combustion engine, especially a reciprocating or rotary piston-type engine. To reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of harmful substances and to increase the efficiency when low-octane fuels, especially regular gasoline or acetylene, are used, water is injected during one or several selected phases, in particular during the entire operation, in an operation-dependent quantity direct into the combustion chamber (12) in such a way that a progressive "primary combustion" of fuel/air just below the critical "knock" temperature (T.sub.c) occurs which initiates a "secondary combustion" of the admixed water at any point of combustion.

Abstract: In a vehicle having a turbocharger (12) for supplying pressurized air to a combustion chamber in an engine (10) and a storage reservoir (34) for supplying pressurized air as a power source for a brake system (35), a polymeric fiber membrane (46) for separating pressurized air from a compressor (18) into moist oxygen enriched air and dry nitrogen enriched air. The moist oxygen enriched air is added to inlet air of the turbocharger (12) to enhance combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber while the dry nitrogen enriched air is communicated to the storage reservoir (34) to operate the brake system (35) and reduce the possibility of oxidization of components therein.

Abstract: The compression stroke supplies a small portion of the compressed air to a considerably smaller, fixed-volume receiving chamber through a valved communication passage. Simultaneously, fuel is injected into the air stream to mix with the air with the air pressure increasing in the small chamber until the air reaches ignition temperature to ignite the air/fuel mixture. The resulting rapid rise in pressure acts upon a check valve to seal the passage and to contain the combustion process within the small chamber. The small quantity of air therein is insufficient to support complete combustion, therefore most of the fuel is conditioned to a state of auto-ignition. The piston continues to compress the main air charge in the cylinder and slightly before TDC a controllable valve opens a second passage to expel the superheated mixture into the large volume of compressed air in the cylinder.

Abstract: A two- or four-stroke internal combustion engine is provided having individual features and combinations of features not heretofore known which provide enhanced power, efficiency and braking performance compared to known engines.

Abstract: A method of and an arrangement for burning a liquid or gaseous fuel in the presence of air or another oxidizer and by use of water in a combustion chamber (12) of an internal combustion engine, especially a reciprocating or rotary piston engine. During one or more selected phases, especially during the entire operation, prior to being introduced into the combustion chamber (12), the fuel is mixed intensively with air and a quantity of water which depends on the operation in order to reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of noxious components as well as to increase the efficiency when using low octane fuels, especially regular gasoline or acetylene as the fuel. The mixing takes place in a quasi-closed mixing chamber (22) in the intake passage (11). Upon compression and ignition of the fuel/air/water mixture in the combustion chamber (12) a progressing "primary combustion" of fuel/air is controlled just below the critical "detonation" temperature (T.sub.

Abstract: An engine comprises an output shaft journalled in a crankcase for rotation about an axis, an even number of cylinders, each having its axis parallel to the shaft axis, arranged in diametrically opposite pairs radially equidistant from the shaft axis and equally spaced-apart circumferentially, and a piston movable axially along each cylinder. A cross-head beam for each pair of pistons is connected to the respective pistons and journalled on a carrier that is received on the shaft for rotation with and movement axially along the shaft. A mechanism selectively moves the carrier axially along the shaft to vary the clearance volumes of the cylinders. The engine operates on a six-stroke cycle consisting of a four-stroke combustion cycle followed by a two-stroke steam cycle. The water injected for the steam cycle cools the engine. The intake air for the combustion cycle is supercharged and preheated before induction.

Abstract: An improvement for a diesel engine uses a vapor to purge a gap between a piston and cylinder wall. The diesel engine includes at least one cylinder, a piston reciprocatingly mounted in the cylinder, and means for establishing a compression seal between the piston sidewall surface and cylinder wall surface. A chamber is disposed in the piston crown. Means are provided for conducting a liquid into the chamber and containing the liquid under pressure in the chamber. Further provided are means situated in the piston sidewall surface for conducting a vapor between the chamber and the gap between the piston and cylinder wall. In operation, a liquid such as water is conducted into the chamber disposed in the piston crown. The heat generated in the cylinder during the normal operation of the engine is absorbed through the piston crown by the liquid in the chamber.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine with alternative preheated fuels, or mixtures thereof, at the same compression ratio and supplied with an additional medium for the operation comprisesdetecting the flow of air drawn into the engine through the air intake,proportioning and distributing the fuel to each cylinder in response to at least detected flow,heating the fuel fed to each cylinder to a temperature between its flame temperature and above its evaporation temperature, but below its auto ignition temperature, andinjecting the heated fuel and the additional medium in a controlled amount into each cylinder through separate feed means at different angles with respect to the wall of the respective cylinder.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine is disclosed in which transfer of inlet air occurs from the aspiration chamber into the combustion chamber via channels running within the piston. The outer surfaces of the piston and the inner surfaces of the cylinder may with advantage be provided with heat resistant ceramic layers. Radial forces on the piston may be suppressed by means of a slidable piston guide cradle mounted on the cylinder block. Provision is made to inject water into an extension of the compression chamber. This greatly increases power output and also equalizes temperature and stresses in the cylinder walls. Heating means may be provided mounted in the cylinder end face of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The invention is related to the injection of water or other non-fuel materials into internal combustion engines, the amount of non-fuel material being injected and the time of injection being governed by such factors as mass of fuel induced, compression ratio of the engine, quality of the fuel and pre-selected peak temperature of combustion. By selection of these parameters the quantity of non-fuel material injected can be in excess of three times the quantity of fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a turbo charged combustion engine with water injection. The characterizing feature of the engine is that there is provided one water injector for each cylinder, each respective injector facing the inlet port for injecting at least the main portion of the water jet straight into the inlet port.

Abstract: A method of running an internal combustion engine with alternative fuels such as high or low octane gasoline, paraffin, diesel oil, ethanol, methanol or similar fuels and/or mixtures thereof and combustible gases such as LP-gas and the like at unchanged compression ratio, and which each motor cylinder can be supplied with a further medium besides the fuel for running of the engine and the fuel is heated by the heat from the exhaust system (22, 23). The invention also refers to an internal combustion engine for alternative fuels.

Abstract: A combustion engine with electromagnetic controlled fuel injection apparatus is provided with a water injection for short duration during load increases in order to prevent thermal damage. For this reason there are provided, in addition to the fuel injection valves, also water injection valves of the same construction and size, whereby all injection valves are operated by a common electrical control device one after the other in a cycling sequence.