Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for operating a two-stroke engine having a cylinder in which a combustion chamber is formed and which includes devices for metering fuel and supplying combustion air as well as an ignition device for igniting a mixture in the combustion chamber. In the method, fuel and combustion air are supplied to the engine and the mixture in the combustion chamber is ignited. The combustion chamber is delimited by a piston which drives a crankshaft rotatably journalled in a crankcase. A control is provided which controls the metering of fuel and the ignition of the mixture in the combustion chamber. In the method, the two-stroke engine is controlled in at least one operating state so that the number of combustions is less than the number of revolutions of the crankshaft in the same time interval.

Abstract: A method of injecting gaseous fuel into an internal combustion engine comprises selecting one of at least two predetermined operating modes as a function of engine load and engine speed. The engine includes a fuel injection valve with an actuator for changing a commanded amplitude for lifting a valve needle during injection, and for changing, from one combustion cycle to the next, the shape of an actuation pulse defined by commanded amplitude plotted against time. In a first operating mode, which corresponds to low load and low speed range, the actuation pulse has a rectangular shape. In a second operating mode, which corresponds to at least one of a greater load and a greater speed range, the actuation pulse includes at least two shape-defining segments with the commanded amplitude for the first segment being less than 90% of the amplitude for a subsequent second segment.

Abstract: A pre-combustion chamber for an engine is made more simply removable from the cylinder head by integrating the chamber design and not threading the assembly to the head. The assembly is provided as an integrated design using a seal that helps dissipate heat from the spark plug and a cover that is held down by flange bolts that extend into threaded bores into the head in a location more removed from the heat generated in the chamber. As a result the chamber is more simply installed and removed without damage to the head.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a main combustion chamber part, an auxiliary combustion chamber part, a first communicating passage, a second communicating passage and an igniting component. The auxiliary combustion chamber part includes first and second auxiliary combustion chambers. The first auxiliary combustion chamber is disposed adjacent to the main combustion chamber part. The second auxiliary combustion chamber is disposed adjacent to the first auxiliary combustion chamber at a position further away from the main combustion chamber part. The first communicating passage extends between the main combustion chamber part and the first auxiliary combustion chamber and the second communicating passage extends between the first auxiliary combustion chamber and the second auxiliary combustion chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a main combustion chamber and a small auxiliary combustion chamber. The main chamber is formed by a cylinder, the undersurface of a cylinder head, and the crown of a piston. A main ignition unit is disposed in the cylinder head, including a main body and a spark plug. The auxiliary chamber is formed within the main ignition unit. The main and auxiliary chambers are connected via a communication passage. The piston crown includes a cavity. When a fuel injection valve sprays fuel into the cavity on compression stroke, a tumble flow of fuel gas is generated to locally form a relatively rich air-fuel mixture near the communication passage. The air-fuel mixture partly flows into the auxiliary chamber as the piston travels upwardly. The air-fuel mixture in the auxiliary chamber is ignited by the spark plug so that a combustion flame propagates into the main chamber.

Abstract: The invention concerns an ignition device for internal combustion engine comprising: a main combustion chamber (1) fitted with a compression system; and an igniter (11) comprising a precombustion chamber (2) and an ignition system (13, 14), the precombustion chamber being defined by a precombustion chamber body (12) having a head (12a) including passageways (15), the head (12a) of the precombustion chamber body (12) separating the precombustion chamber (2) from the main chamber (1) and communicating the precombustion chamber (2) and the main chamber (1) through the passageways (15), characterized in that the passageways comprise at least one passageway enabling the propagation of a flame front of the precombustion chamber (2) to the main chamber (1) when the engine operates on low load and at least one passageway not enabling the propagation of a flame front while enabling the passageway of unstable compounds of the precombustion chamber (2) to the main chamber (1).

Abstract: Internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder, in which the combustion of a homogeneous air/fuel mixture compressed in the cylinder by a piston is initiated by a time-controlled external ignition, the air/fuel ratio of the air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber (25) being greater than 1.9 and, for the time-controlled external ignition, at least one laser light source (10), at least one optical transmission apparatus (11) and at least one coupling optic (12) for the focussing of laser light into a combustion chamber (25) being provided.

Abstract: Provided is an ignition device for an internal combustion engine which prevents a crack from being produced in a cast insulating resin, and a noise-suppressing resistor from being damaged. An ignition device for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention includes a case (3), a cast insulating resin (4), a high-voltage connection terminal (7), and a noise-suppressing resistor (8). The case (3) is composed of a case body (3a) receiving a transformer (2) and a high-voltage tower (3b) having an opening portion (5), and the case body (3a) and the high-voltage tower (3b) communicate with each other through the opening portion (5). The cast insulating resin (4) is injected into the case body (3a) and cured, thus insulating and fixing the transformer (2). The high-voltage connection terminal (7) closes the opening portion (5) such that the cast insulating resin (4) that has not been cured is prevented from entering the high-voltage tower (3b).

Abstract: A recycling system for linear motors includes a dual piston within a cylinder housing that is moved from an upper position to a lower position by combustion pressure such that a first portion of the piston pumps compressed air from a first air chamber within a first bore of the cylinder housing and a second portion of the piston pumps compressed air from a second air chamber within a second larger bore of the cylinder housing. An exhaust valve is opened by the compressed air for venting the combustion chamber to atmosphere. The dual piston moves within the cylinder housing from the lower position to the upper position assisted by the compressed air such that a portion of the volume of the combustion chamber is converted into a portion of the volume of the second air chamber. A control valve is opened in response to movement of the dual piston through the upper position for allowing airflow from the second air chamber into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for an internal combustion engine includes a closed end cylinder having an axis. A piston is reciprocable in the cylinder and includes a generally flat rim having an inner edge surrounding a recessed bowl into which the fuel is primarily injected, the bowl having a floor and a surrounding side formed by an arcuate surface connecting tangentially with the floor and extending to the rim inner edge. A spark plug has a centerline through the spark gap and is offset to one side of the cylinder axis with the spark gap extending into the combustion chamber toward the axis. A fuel injector is offset to an opposite side of the axis with the spray tip aimed to direct a generally conical fuel spray into the piston bowl with a portion of the fuel spray passing near the spark gap. Various dimensional characteristics are disclosed.

Abstract: A combustion chamber and method of distributing fuel in a combustion chamber is disclosed. The combustion chamber includes a first section that is generally centrally positioned in the combustion chamber. A second section is offset from the first section and maintains a uniform distance between a fuel spray and a perimeter of the second section. Such a combustion chamber improves combustion by maintaining a generally uniform fuel spray spacing to the combustion chamber walls.

Abstract: A combustion chamber of a positive-displacement spark-ignited internal combustion engine is divided into a main combustion chamber and a pre-combustion chamber having proximal and distal ends. The proximal end is connected to the main combustion chamber and a spark-ignition device is located at the distal end. Within the pre-combustion chamber, a plurality of passageways extend between its proximal and distal ends so that a flame front ignited by the ignition device at the distal end of the pre-combustion chamber propagates along the plurality of passageways as separate flame fronts toward the proximal end of the pre-combustion chamber. A displacer separates a premixing chamber from the pre-combustion and main combustion chambers. The displacer is relatively moveable for transferring the charge of fuel and air from the premixing chamber into the pre-combustion main combustion chambers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the creation, placement and control of an area of electrical ionization within an internal combustion engine combustion chamber. This area of electrical ionization is positioned so that all of the fuel being injected into the combustion chamber must pass next to or through the area of electrical ionization to ensure that combustion has been initiated for all of the fuel as it is injected. This area of electrical ionization can be kept on as long as it is necessary to insure that the all of the fuel that is injected into the combustion chamber can be completely combusted. An engine equipped with this electrical ionization device has its fuel economy enhanced by timely, controlled, and complete combustion of all of the fuel injected into its combustion chamber. Furthermore, the pollutant emissions of both oxides of nitrogen and unburned hydrocarbons are reduced dramatically.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a fuel injection nozzle for injecting a gaseous fuel directly into the combustion chamber. shield, is installed in close proximity to the fuel injection nozzle, provides a shielded space around a hot surface igniter and restricts flow between the shielded space and the combustion chamber. The nozzle comprises a fuel injection port oriented to direct a fuel spray against a surface of the sleeve An inlet in the sleeve allows air and fuel to enter the shielded space to form a combustible mixture therein. The sleeve contains a substantial amount of the combustible mixture within the shielded space until it ignites and pressure builds within the shielded space to propel a combustion flame through at least one discharge opening and into contact with the fuel sprays emerging from the fuel injection nozzle.

Abstract: A combustion chamber of a positive-displacement spark-ignited internal combustion engine is divided into a main combustion chamber and a pre-combustion chamber having proximal and distal ends. The proximal end is connected to the main combustion chamber and a spark-ignition device is located at the distal end. Within the pre-combustion chamber, a plurality of passageways extend between its proximal and distal ends so that a flame front ignited by the ignition device at the distal end of the pre-combustion chamber propagates along the plurality of passageways as separate flame fronts toward the proximal end of the pre-combustion chamber. A displacer separates a premixing chamber from the pre-combustion and main combustion chambers. The displacer is relatively moveable for transferring the charge of fuel and air from the premixing chamber into the pre-combustion main combustion chambers.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a fuel injection nozzle disposed in a combustion chamber for injecting a gaseous fuel directly into the combustion chamber. An ignition device disposed within the combustion chamber is installed in close proximity to the fuel injection nozzle, and comprises a sleeve that provides a shielded space around a hot surface igniter and the sleeve restricts flow between the shielded space and the combustion chamber. The nozzle comprises a fuel injection port that is oriented to direct a fuel spray to impinge upon a surface of the sleeve at about a 90 degree angle. At least one inlet opening in the sleeve allows air and fuel to enter the shielded space to form a combustible mixture therein.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the creation, placement and control of an area of electrical ionization within an internal combustion engine combustion chamber. This area of electrical ionization is positioned so that all of the fuel being injected into the combustion chamber must pass next to or through the area of electrical ionization to ensure that combustion has been initiated for all of the fuel as it is injected. This area of electrical ionization can be kept on as long as it is necessary to insure that the all of the fuel that is injected into the combustion chamber can be completely combusted. An engine equipped with this electrical ionization device has its fuel economy enhanced by timely, controlled, and complete combustion of all of the fuel injected into its combustion chamber. Furthermore, the pollutant emissions of both oxides of nitrogen and unburned hydrocarbons are reduced dramatically.

Abstract: A self-igniting, mixture-compressing internal combustion engine for fuel gas includes a cylinder including a cylinder head (5); an insert (1) operably engaged with the cylinder head (5); a main combustion space (7) in the cylinder; and a prechamber (4) in the insert (1). A low-pressure fuel line is connected to the main combustion space (7). A nozzle (10) is at least partially disposed in the insert (1). The nozzle (10) is operably connected to a high-pressure fuel line. The nozzle (10) is used to inject fuel gas into the prechamber (4). At least one injection opening (6) for connects the prechamber (4) to the main combustion space (7) and passes the fuel gas from the prechamber (4) to the main combustion space (7).

Abstract: A method is provided for operating an internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber defined by the inner wall of a cylinder, a cylinder head and the upper surface of a piston moveable longitudinally within the cylinder, the engine further comprising a pre-combustion chamber in communication with the combustion chamber. The method comprises supplying to the combustion chamber a first combustible mixture of a first hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen; supplying to the pre-combustion chamber a second combustible mixture of a second hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen, the second combustible mixture being auto-ignitable; and compressing the first and second combustible mixtures by moving the piston within the cylinder; wherein under operating conditions in which the aforementioned steps are insufficient to operate the engine and keep it running, the method further comprises the step of generating a spark to cause ignition of the compressed first combustible mixture in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A multizone combustion chamber and method of combustion in a compression-ignited reciprocating engine. The combustion chamber includes a cylinder, a cylinder head located at one end of the cylinder, a piston that reciprocates in the cylinder, an inlet that supplies a gas into the combustion chamber during an induction stroke of the piston, and an injector that supplies a fuel into the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber defines a primary chamber and at least a secondary chamber when the piston is located in a predetermined position near the cylinder head. Combustion is initiated in the primary chamber while preventing combustion from occurring in the secondary chamber. Combustion in the secondary chamber is delayed until after the piston and the cylinder head have been separated and thermodynamic communication between the fuel/gas mass in the primary chamber and the fuel/gas mass in the secondary chamber is possible.

Abstract: A device for creating a laminar flame front in an internal combustion-engined tool having a combustion chamber (1) with two walls (14, 18) extending parallel to each other, the device including a cage (51) located between the two walls (14, 18) and having a plurality of openings (53) formed in an otherwise solid circumferential wall of the cage (51), and an ignition element (52) located in a cage interior for igniting a combustible gas mixture located between the two walls (14, 18).

Abstract: A portable, combustion-engined tool including a collapsible combustion chamber (1) having a movable separation plate (18) for dividing the combustion chamber (1), in an expanded position of the combustion chamber, in a forechamber section (21) and at least one further chamber section (22), a movable combustion chamber wall (14) arranged parallel to the separation plate (18) for limiting, together with the separation plate (18), the forechamber section, an ignition device (52) located in the forechamber section (21), and a collapse control device (19, 20, 33) for controlling movement of the separation plate (18) and the movable wall (14) after the combustion of the gas mixture in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Encapsulated spark plugs improve combustion control in spark ignited engines. The present invention improves reliability and life of an encapsulated spark plug. A spark plug shell has a connection region and an orificed region, and a tip portion. The present invention provides improved heat transfer from the tip portion through the orificed region to the connection region. An access orifice provides access to set an electrode gap.

Abstract: A fuel injection system (1) for an internal combustion engine (1′) includes a fuel injector (4) which injects fuel into a combustion chamber (7) delimited by a cylinder wall (14) in which a piston (6) is guided, and having a spark plug (3) projecting into the combustion chamber (7), the fuel injector (4) producing multiple injection jets (10) in the combustion chamber (7). At least one gap (15) is provided in the injection jets (10) in an area remote from the spark plug (3).

Abstract: A direct injection engine in which an injector injects fuel toward a cavity formed in a top surface of a piston to produce a locally distributed mixture around a spark plug is constructed such that the direction of a fuel spray ejected from the injector is varied during a fuel injection period to properly spread the mixture and prevent its local overrichness. The direct injection engine is provided with means for generating a swirl, for example, so that the fuel spray from the injector is directed toward the spark plug when the pressure in a cylinder is low in a compression stroke, and the fuel spray is deflected by the swirl away from the direction of the spark plug as the pressure in a cylinder increases.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the creation, placement and control of an area of electrical ionization within an internal combustion engine combustion chamber. This area of electrical ionization is positioned so that all of the fuel being injected into the combustion chamber must pass next to or through the area of electrical ionization to ensure that combustion has been initiated for all of the fuel as it is injected. This area of electrical ionization can be kept on as long as it is necessary to insure that the all of the fuel that is injected into the combustion chamber can be completely combusted. An engine equipped with this electrical ionization device has its fuel economy enhanced by timely, controlled, and complete combustion of all of the fuel injected into its combustion chamber. Furthermore, the pollutant emissions of both oxides of nitrogen and unburned hydrocarbons are reduced dramatically.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for integrated injection and ignition of fuel in internal combustion engines, particularly Otto engines with separate fuel ignition. The device includes an integrated injection module (14) and ignition module (6). The ignition module includes a body that can be attached to the top of the engine and that has an internal tubular shape the lower part of which merges with a conically shaped cavity (7) with the base open towards the engine combustion chamber (2), such that the conically shaped cavity (7) forms a supplementary smaller volume of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An ignition device (22) is positioned in an ignition chamber (21) which in turn is positioned in a prechamber (11) in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. A valve controlling flow to and from the ignition chamber is opened to initiate ignition near top dead center of the compression stroke and is closed before the exhaust stroke to trap hot combustion gases in the ignition chamber. Very exacting control of ignition is achieved.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a precombustion member which has a number of first ignition orifices defined therein. The precombustion member further has a precombustion chamber defined therein. The precombustion member is positioned relative to the head of the engine such that the precombustion chamber is in fluid communication with the engine's main combustion chamber via the first ignition orifices. The internal combustion engine further has a spark plug for igniting a gaseous fuel. The spark plug includes an encapsulating member which has a number of second ignition orifices defined therein. The encapsulating member defines a plug combustion chamber. The spark plug further includes a center electrode and a ground electrode which are both positioned within the plug combustion chamber. The encapsulating member is positioned relative to the precombustion member such that the plug combustion chamber is in fluid communication with the precombustion chamber via the second ignition orifices.

Abstract: A spark ignition internal combustion engine with improved anti-knocking function. The engine comprises: a cylinder; a cylinder head attached to an end of the cylinder; a piston slidably mounted in the cylinder, a center line of a piston pin of the piston is shifted on the thrust side of the piston with respect to a center line of an outer periphery of the piston; a main combustion chamber with an ignition plug; and a sub-combustion chamber with an inlet opening on an inner wall of the main combustion chamber facing an outer surface of the piston on the anti-thrust side thereof, area of the inlet opening is smaller than that of the outer surface.

Abstract: This invention relates to an in-cylinder injection internal combustion engine. A lower wall of a cylinder head, said lower wall defining an upper wall of a combustion chamber, is configured in the form of a pentroof composed of an intake-valve-side, tilted, lower wall and an exhaust-valve-side, tilted, lower wall. A spark plug is arranged in the vicinity of a top part of the pentroof-shaped upper wall of the combustion chamber. A top wall of a piston, said top wall forming a lower wall of the combustion chamber, is configured in the form of a pentroof having an intake-valve-side, tilted, top wall and an exhaust-valve-side, tilted, top wall formed so that they correspond the intake-valve-side, tilted, lower wall and the exhaust-valve-side, tilted, lower wall of the cylinder head. A recessed portion is arranged in the intake-valve-side, tilted, top wall in the top wall of the piston.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a controlled-ignition direct fuel injection, four-cycle internal combustion engine including a combustion chamber (3) in which at least two intake lines (31, 32) terminate through ports (21, 22, 23) and an exhaust line (5), each of which can be closed by a means such as a valve (41, 42, 6), at least one ignition means (7; 11), a means (9) for direct injection of fuel into said combustion chamber (3). According to the invention, the intake ports (21, 22) are diametrically opposite each other. In addition, at least one of ignition means (11) has an axis disposed perpendicularly to the outer surface of the fuel jet generated by injection means (9 ).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising an engine block defining a cylinder having a longitudinal axis, an upper end, and a cross-sectional area in a plane perpendicular to the axis, a piston reciprocally moveable in the cylinder along the axis, the piston having an upper surface, a cylinder head including a lower surface portion closing the upper end of the cylinder, the lower surface portion extending generally perpendicular to the axis and having therein an upwardly extending recess, the recess having an upper end, a lower end, and a height, the lower end of the recess having an area in a plane perpendicular to the axis, the area being equal to approximately one-fifth the cross-sectional area of the cylinder, the height being equal to at least one-third of the cylinder diameter, a fuel injector supported relative to the cylinder head for injecting fuel into the recess, and a spark plug which is supported relative to the cylinder head and which extends into the recess for creating a spark.

Abstract: Proposed is an auxiliary starter, particularly for a diesel engine, having an auxiliary starting device (16) which is disposed in a combustion chamber or in an intake pipe and brings an injection stream of a fuel introduced into the combustion chamber or the intake pipe into an ignitable state. The auxiliary starting device (16) is an oxygen pump cell (18) which operates on the basis of an oxygen-ion-conducting solid electrolyte, and with which oxygen is pumped into at least the edge zone of the injection stream (15).

Abstract: A combustion system of an internal combustion engine includes a main combustion chamber and a swirl flow precombustion chamber connected by a communicating passage. The communicating passage is connected tangentially to the precombustion chamber so as to induce a consistent, repeatable swirling flow pattern of gasses in the precombustion chamber during the compression stroke of the engine cycle. The swirl pattern thoroughly mixes the air, unburned fuel and burned fuel in the precombustion chamber. An igniter such as a spark plug is disposed in the precombustion chamber in a region having a low gas velocity during swirling to allow a small flame kernel to grow every engine cycle and consistently ignite the swirling gas, thereby improving engine efficiency, toxic emissions spark plug life, and allowing the igniter to run at a cooler temperature.

Abstract: A precombustion chamber ignition device for preferably lean fuel-air mixtures and having a precombustion chamber. This precombustion chamber contains a electrode carrier extending into the precombustion chamber and on it at least one ignition electrode is attached, which has at least one ignition portion, which cooperates with a internal wall surface of the precombustion chamber in defining at least one spark gap extending substantially athwart the longitudinal axis of the precombustion chamber. In this respect the internal wall surface acts as a ground electrode. The ignition portion of the at least one ignition electrode is offset in relation to the longitudinal axis of the precombustion chamber and is arranged essentially parallel to the wall surface, which is substantially cylindrical in the spark gap portion, of the precombustion chamber close to the wall surface.

Abstract: In this combustion chamber structure for diesel engines, precombustion chamber bodies in which precombustion chambers are formed are installed via heat insulating layers in cavities formed in pistons, so as to improve the heat insulating capability of the precombustion chambers and the combustion rates in the precombustion chambers and primary chambers, minimize the generation of HC and NOx increase the thermal efficiently. The precombustion chamber bodies comprise upper chambers, lower chambers and gaskets of a low heat conductivity provided between the upper and lower chambers. The upper chambers are provided in the walls thereof with central insert bores into which fuel injection nozzles are thrusted in positions in the vicinity of the upper dead centers of the pistons, and communication ports, which allows the primary chambers and precombustion chambers to communicate with each other, around the central insert bores.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compression timed ignition in internal combustion engines, the varying mass of the fuel-air mixture having controlling effect to retard timing by cooling a heater element to vary the current therethrough, and characterized by an igniter with a pre-chamber in communication with the engine combustion chamber via a restricted nozzle area for projecting burning plasma at high velocity into the engine combustion chamber.

Abstract: A combustion chamber located in the piston of an internal combustion engine is divided by restrictions into two or more partial chambers. The ratio between the minimum distance in the restricted area and the maximum distance in concave areas of the wall of the combustion chamber, as measured from the axis of the combustion chamber, is greater than or equal to 0.2. To improve the turbulence in the combustion chamber the proposal is put forward that the ratio between the minimum distance in the restricted area and the radius of the piston be smaller than or equal to 0.5, the wall of the combustion chamber being convex in the restricted area, and that the ratio between the maximum distance and piston radius be greater than or equal to 0.7.

Abstract: A stratified-charge internal combustion engine (10) with fuel injection and dual ignition has a fuel injector (60) and two spark plugs (70) and (72) mounted in a cylinder head (16). The cylinder head (16) forms a combustion chamber (44) in conjunction with the cylinder (14) and piston (18). The spark plugs sequentially ignite the fuel plume (64, 66) emitted by the fuel injector simultaneously with the injection of the fuel. The piston (18) has a recess (80) that has its narrow portion in proximity to the injector and spark plug (70) and wider portion aligned under spark plug (72).

Abstract: A number of embodiments of combustion chamber configurations for internal combustion engines incorporating squish areas for promoting turbulence and rapid flame propagation in the main combustion chamber volume. A pre-combustion chamber volume is formed in at least one of the squish areas and communicates with the main combustion chamber volume through flow channels that are substantially unrestricted except when the piston is at its top dead center position for reducing pumping losses and insuring complete combustion within the squish area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compression timed ignition in internal combustion engines, the varying mass of the fuel-air mixture having controlling effect to retard timing by cooling a heater element to vary the current therethrough, and characterized by an igniter with a pre-chamber in communication with the engine combustion chamber via at least one and preferably a multiplicity of radiating ports for projecting burning plasma into the engine combustion chamber.

Abstract: A combustion system for gas, non-dual-fuel engines utilizes a torch cell having a glow plug and a fuel injector. Pilot fuel is directed to the surface of the glow plug and main fuel is supplied to the torch cell. Reduced compression ratios are permitted, enabling use of low octane gaseous fuels and starting without assist from main chamber diesel operation.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a spark plug arranged at the center of the inner wall of the cylinder head, and a fuel injector arranged on the periphery of the inner wall of the cylinder head. A depression is formed on the top face of the piston. This depression is defined by a flat bottom wall and a pair of extended straight side walls which diverge toward the fuel injector side. Fuel is obliquely injected on the flat bottom wall of the depression from the fuel injector.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an air blast valve which injects fuel together with pressurized air in the form of a conical shaped spray of fuel. A depression is formed on the top face of the piston, and the conical shaped spray of fuel is injected from the air blast valve toward the depression. The longitudinal width of the depression in the moving direction of the spray of fuel is larger than the transverse width of the depression in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the spray of fuel, and the opposing side walls of the depression, which define the transverse width of the depression, are positioned slightly outward from the side face of the conical shaped spray of fuel.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a pair of first and second cylinders (12,14) communicating with a combustion chamber (20) the first cylinder having a larger swept volume than the second cylinder. First and second pistons (16,18) are provided in the cylinders. An inlet port is provided in the first cylinder for delivering a charge of unthrottled fuel while a fuel injector (36) is controlled by a control means (37) to deliver a charge of fuel into the second cylinder (14) as soon as possible after commencement of an induction stroke of the second piston. Movement of the fuel/air mixture from the second cylinder (14) into the combustion chamber (20) is prevented until the second piston (18) is at or near its inner dead center position. The second piston (18) may be formed as a protrusion on the crown of the first piston (16) with the second cylinder (14) being an extension of the first cylinder (12).

Abstract: A spark plug of an engine ignition/combustion system have the electrode gaps of the spark plug surrounded by a capsule having a controlled orifice system. The orifice system and electrode gap are positioned, sized, and oriented specifically for use with lighter-than-air fuel gas.

Abstract: A fuel supply/ignition device for use with a stratified combustion system includes a fuel chamber formed adjacent to a combustion chamber. The fuel chamber is provided with a valve for supplying a liquid fuel and a spark plug for generating a spark. The spark plug is connected to a high-energy generator. When the liquid fuel is charged into the fuel chamber, and a high-energy discharge is generated by the spark plug, the liquid fuel in the fuel chamber is atomized to be sprayed into the combustion chamber, and is simultaneously ignited to provide stratified combustion. Application of the fuel supply/ignition device to an internal combustion engine contributes to a reduction in harmful components such as HC and NOx in an exhaust gas.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber including a shallow dish portion and a deep dish portion formed in a piston top portion, a spark plug located close to an axis of the combustion chamber, and a fuel injection nozzle located at a radially outermost portion of the combustion chamber. With this arrangement, a good ignition characteristic in a low engine load operation and an improved power characteristic in a high engine load operation are obtained. Further, due to that arrangement of the spark plug, the flame propagation distance is made as short as possible.

Abstract: An apparatus for the continuous ignition of fuel, including substantially aqueous fuel, has a housing with a closed end, an open end and a continuous side wall with a spark generator at the closed end. The open end is covered by a cap which defines an exhaust port. A spark passing from the spark generator to the cap ignites the fuel. A method for continuously igniting the fuel involves passing the fuel through an electric arc created between a spark generator and a cathodic surface.