Abstract: A self-igniting, mixture-compressing internal combustion engine for fuel gas includes a cylinder including a cylinder head (5); an insert (1) operably engaged with the cylinder head (5); a main combustion space (7) in the cylinder; and a prechamber (4) in the insert (1). A low-pressure fuel line is connected to the main combustion space (7). A nozzle (10) is at least partially disposed in the insert (1). The nozzle (10) is operably connected to a high-pressure fuel line. The nozzle (10) is used to inject fuel gas into the prechamber (4). At least one injection opening (6) for connects the prechamber (4) to the main combustion space (7) and passes the fuel gas from the prechamber (4) to the main combustion space (7).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a fuel injection nozzle disposed in a combustion chamber for injecting a gaseous fuel directly into the combustion chamber. An ignition device disposed within the combustion chamber is installed in close proximity to the fuel injection nozzle, and comprises a sleeve that provides a shielded space around a hot surface igniter and the sleeve restricts flow between the shielded space and the combustion chamber. The nozzle comprises a fuel injection port that is oriented to direct a fuel spray to impinge upon a surface of the sleeve at about a 90 degree angle. At least one inlet opening in the sleeve allows air and fuel to enter the shielded space to form a combustible mixture therein.

Abstract: The in-cylinder fuel injection engine is characterized in that fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in two directions. When the homogeneous charge combustion is performed, a first spray block of fuel is injected inside of the cavity and a second spray block of fuel is injected outside of the cavity. When the stratified charge combustion is performed, both spray blocks are injected inside of the cavity.

Abstract: The in-cylinder fuel injection engine is characterized in that fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in two directions. When the homogeneous charge combustion is performed, a first spray block of fuel is injected inside of the cavity and a second spray block of fuel is injected outside of the cavity. When the stratified charge combustion is performed, both spray blocks are injected inside of the cavity.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating an internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber defined by the inner wall of a cylinder, a cylinder head and the upper surface of a piston moveable longitudinally within the cylinder, the engine further comprising a pre-combustion chamber in communication with the combustion chamber. The method comprises supplying to the combustion chamber a first combustible mixture of a first hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen; supplying to the pre-combustion chamber a second combustible mixture of a second hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen, the second combustible mixture being auto-ignitable; and compressing the first and second combustible mixtures by moving the piston within the cylinder; wherein under operating conditions in which the aforementioned steps are insufficient to operate the engine and keep it running, the method further comprises the step of generating a spark to cause ignition of the compressed first combustible mixture in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A reciprocating machine includes a housing (12) and piston means (20) that are cyclically relatively displaceable along an axis (11) to define a variable volume working chamber (50). There is further provided air inlet means and fuel inlet means (100) admitting air and fuel to the working chamber for forming an ignitable mixture after compression of the air therein, and means to exhaust combustion products from the working chamber. The variable volume working chamber (50) includes at least two sub-chambers, a combustion chamber (54) and a main chamber (52) mutually displaced on the axis (11) and in communication at a cross section (53) at which gas in the combustion chamber (54) may expand at least partially laterally as it flows from the combustion chamber (54) into the main chamber (52). The air admission means, the exhaust means and the chambers (52, 54) are arranged so that a swirl of gas is generated and maintained about the axis (11) in both chambers (52, 54) during operation of the machine.

Abstract: A combustion system for direct injection diesel engines, having a fuel injection nozzle provided with upper and lower rows of nozzle holes and disposed so as to be opposed to a deep dish combustion chamber of a small opening ratio. The directions of the upper nozzle holes (1) in the upper row and those of the lower nozzle holes (2) in the lower row are set so that fuel injected from the upper nozzle holes (1) reaches a side wall of the combustion chamber and fuel injected from the lower nozzle holes (2) impinges upon a bottom surface (4) of the combustion chamber. A ratio of a fuel spray travel from the upper nozzle holes (1) to a diameter of each of the upper nozzle holes is set to 150-250. The number of said upper nozzle holes (1) is set twice as large as that of said lower nozzle holes (2).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system to control emissions in an engine by controlling spray plume characteristics, such as length and angle. Specifically, a system implementing the present invention includes an fuel injector, an engine cylinder and an electronic control module (ECM). The ECM determines spray plume parameters, including time from start of injection, nozzle hole diameter, pressure differential between the cylinder and fuel in the fuel injector nozzle, and gas temperature and density in the cylinder. Upon determining the spray plume parameters, the ECM calculates the spray plume characteristics and compares them to the optimal spray plume characteristics. The ECM then proceeds to adjust fuel injection characteristics, such as injection on time, rail pressure, and injection timing relative to piston position, to optimize the spray plume.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an engine housing that defines a main combustion chamber separated from a precombustion chamber by a flame communication passage way. A source of gaseous fuel is fluidly connected to one end of a fuel supply passage. A check valve, which includes a valve body with a valve seat, and a valve member, is positioned between the other end of the fuel supply passage and the precombustion chamber. The valve member is moveable between an open position and a closed position. The valve body and the valve member define a fluid passage that fluidly connects the fuel supply passage to the precombustion chamber when the valve member is in its open position. The valve body and the valve member substantially fluidly isolate the valve seat from the precombustion chamber when the valve member is in its closed position.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises an engine housing which defines a main combustion chamber that is separated from a precombustion chamber by a flame communication passageway. The engine housing further defines a fuel supply passage with one end and an opposite end. A source of fuel is fluidly connected to the opposite end of the fuel supply passage. A check valve which includes a valve body with a valve seat and a valve member is positioned between the one end of the fuel supply passage and the precombustion chamber. The valve member is movable between an open position and a closed position. The valve body and the valve member define a relatively wide fluid passage that fluidly connects the fuel supply passage to the precombustion chamber when the valve member is in the open position. The valve body and the valve member define a relatively narrow stagnation region separating the valve seat from the precombustion chamber when the valve member is in the closed position.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an engine housing that defines a main combustion chamber separated from a precombustion chamber by a flame communication passage way. A source of gaseous fuel is fluidly connected to one end of a fuel supply passage. A check valve, which includes a valve body with a valve seat, and a valve member, is positioned between the other end of the fuel supply passage and the precombustion chamber. The valve member is moveable between an open position and a closed position. The valve body and the valve member define a fluid passage that fluidly connects the fuel supply passage to the precombustion chamber when the valve member is in its open position. The valve body and the valve member substantially fluidly isolate the valve seat from the precombustion chamber when the valve member is in its closed position.

Abstract: A drive system composed of an engine and a transmission is controlled in accordance with a desired wheel toque corresponding to a position of an accelerator, and a present vehicle speed in such a way that a speed ratio of the transmission is determined in consideration with torque factors such as an air-fuel ratio on the engine side, thereby it possible to optimize the control in order to reduce the emission of exhaust substance such as NOx and to enhance the acceleration performance and the fuel economy.

Abstract: Process for ensuring the mixing of a predetermined quantity of liquid or gaseous fuel with the air that is contained in a pre-chamber with one end that is open toward cylinders of an alternative internal-combustion engine, as well as the ignition of the mixture with the fuel being injected axially from closed end of the pre-chamber by an injector that is actuated by a predefined surplus of pressure compared to that which is present in the pre-chamber itself, the injection is a accomplished during the terminal phase of the compression half-cycle, whereby the injector and surplus are such as to ensure the fuel jet which is injected is completely evaporated and/or mixed with the air that is contained in the pre-chamber at the moment when it reaches the open end of the pre-chamber and which, during its translation motion, mixes with the above-mentioned air according to mixture richness values that can be represented by a predetermined curve that rises from injection point (A) towards center (C) of the open-end of

Abstract: A direct fuel injection ignition engine includes combustion chambers with a pent roof type ceiling. Each piston has a top surface with a configuration complementary to the combustion chamber ceiling. A fuel injector is disposed at a peripheral portion of the combustion chamber and injects fuel toward the center portion of the top surface of the piston. A cavity is formed on the top surface of the piston. The cavity has a configuration of an elongated circle with a substantially flat bottom surface. The surrounding side wall of the cavity is substantially upright in relation to the bottom surface. A cavity centerline drawn through the longitudinal axis of the cavity is perpendicular to the injection axis line and offset from the center of the piston toward the injector.

Abstract: An injection device for an internal combustion engine, especially a diesel engine, with a combustion chamber (16) for each defined by piston (2), cylinder and cylinder head (1), a multi-hole injection nozzle (5) and a shroud (3) projecting from the cylinder head (1) into the combustion chamber (16) and surrounding the nozzle (5) in such a way that a precombustion chamber is formed between shroud (3) and piston (2) at TDC, and a combustion process for an internal combustion engine, especially for a diesel engine, with an injection device as described hereinabove, wherein combined direct and swirl-chamber injection takes place in the vicinity of TDC.

Abstract: A combustion prechamber is formed by at least two components. An upper component for accommodating an injection device, for example, and a lower component for sealing the prechamber off from the main combustion chamber. To configure such a combustion pre-chamber such that, without impairing the combustion process and the service life, instead of being welded, the connecting seam between the upper component and the lower component is notch-free and, at the same time, has a high strength, and is produced by a brazing process.

Abstract: An injection port of a fuel injection valve is provided in the combustion chamber, an ignition source is provided in the vicinity of the injection port, a fuel-air mixture is ignited after fuel is injected from the fuel injection valve, and the energy of fuel jet flow is used so that the resulting flame may be carried on the fuel jet flow, thereby to elevate the penetration force, whereby the flame is dispersed in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A combustion chamber located in the piston of an internal combustion engine is divided by restrictions into two or more partial chambers. The ratio between the minimum distance in the restricted area and the maximum distance in concave areas of the wall of the combustion chamber, as measured from the axis of the combustion chamber, is greater than or equal to 0.2. To improve the turbulence in the combustion chamber the proposal is put forward that the ratio between the minimum distance in the restricted area and the radius of the piston be smaller than or equal to 0.5, the wall of the combustion chamber being convex in the restricted area, and that the ratio between the maximum distance and piston radius be greater than or equal to 0.7.

Abstract: A piston for use in an internal combustion engine and including a central portion; a side wall portion adapted for sliding engagement with a cylinder; a connector end adapted for connection with a connecting rod; and a driven end adapted to receive combustion generated forces. The driven end defines a primary chamber adapted to receive fuel and accommodate combustion thereof; and the central body portion defines an auxiliary chamber, an inlet port providing a fuel injection path between the primary and auxiliary chambers, and outlet port means providing between the auxiliary and primary chambers a discharge path for combustion products generated by combustion in the auxiliary chamber.

Abstract: The diesel engine includes a first combustion chamber defined by a recess in a piston top and a projection formed in the first combustion chamber. The projection stands on a bottom wall of the first combustion chamber. A second combustion chamber is formed inside the projection. A fuel introduction opening is formed at a top of the projection to allow fuel to come into the second combustion chamber and combustion gas exit openings are formed in a side of the projection to allow gases produced upon combustion in the second combustion chamber to go out of the second combustion chamber and enter the first combustion chamber. A fuel injection nozzle injects fuel into the first combustion chamber before the top dead center of the piston. Swirl and squish are produced in the first combustion chamber and make turbulence of fuel and air in the first combustion chamber.

Abstract: An alcohol engine with combustion cavity of this invention includes combustion cavity blocks for constituting combustion cavities of a heat-insulating structure, disposed in a cylinder head, communication ports of a heat-insulating structure for communication between main combustion chambers and the combustion cavities and fuel injection nozzles each including a nozzle main body extending to the center portion of the combustion cavity and multi-injection injection ports formed around the tip of the nozzle main body and opening in such a manner as to face the center inner peripheral wall surface of the combustion cavity.

Abstract: A combustion system for internal combustion engines having a cylinder, at least one piston reciprocal in the cylinder and a combustion chamber with three regions for improving the combustion process, the piston having a piston head with an outer perimeter portion, a central recessed portion and a baffle with ports arranged over the recessed portion, the piston cooperating with a cylinder head or the head of an opposed piston to form an induction region that diminishes in volume as the piston approaches top dead center forcing gases in the combustion chamber through a central region defined primarily by the ports in the baffle to the dispersing region in the recessed portion of the piston, and a fuel injection system with an injector that delivers a staged series of fuel pulses in each cycle.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a pair of first and second cylinders (12,14) communicating with a combustion chamber (20) the first cylinder having a larger swept volume than the second cylinder. First and second pistons (16,18) are provided in the cylinders. An inlet port is provided in the first cylinder for delivering a charge of unthrottled fuel while a fuel injector (36) is controlled by a control means (37) to deliver a charge of fuel into the second cylinder (14) as soon as possible after commencement of an induction stroke of the second piston. Movement of the fuel/air mixture from the second cylinder (14) into the combustion chamber (20) is prevented until the second piston (18) is at or near its inner dead center position. The second piston (18) may be formed as a protrusion on the crown of the first piston (16) with the second cylinder (14) being an extension of the first cylinder (12).

Abstract: A combustion chamber for a spark assisted diesel engine embodying a main combustion chamber and an energy cell. Fuel is injected into the main chamber and into the energy cell and combustion is initiated in the main chamber. The energy cell communicates with the main chamber through a restricted orifice and the increased pressure of the combustion causes auto ignition in the energy cell to generate a high velocity charge out of the energy cell into the main chamber through the orifice for generating turbulence to insure complete combustion.

Abstract: In a pre-chamber type diesel engine, in order to prevent droplets of liquid fuel finding their way into zones of the main combustion chamber wherein they undergo slow combustion and thus tend to form smoke, a recess is formed at the main combustion chamber end of an auxiliary transfer passage in a manner to provide a wall section which deflects droplets of fuel, which have passed through the auxiliary passage during the induction phase and/or initial stage of the compression phase, in a manner that they do not escape toward the perimeter of the piston crown and remain in a zone through which the flame produced by spontaneous combustion of the highly compressed air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber passes thus ensuring rapid vaporization and subsequent oxidation.

Abstract: A direct injection internal combustion engine of a compression ignition type in which portions of an injected fuel spray which have not been evaporated are prevented from striking the walls of the combustion chamber, and the fuel spray is prevented from catching up the air around it when moving in the combustion chamber, thereby providing an engine having reduced combustion noise, reduced amount of smoke and noxious emissions, and improved fuel economy. A combustion chamber is formed in the piston substantially in the form of a spherical cavity gradually narrowing towards the opening of the cavity at the top surface of the piston. An air intake mechanism swirls intake air supplied to the combustion chamber. A swirl injector injects a fuel spray substantially in the form of a hollow cone having a velocity component in a direction tangential of the central axis of the nozzle.

Abstract: An apparatus for the injection of fuel into combustion chambers, in particular of self-igniting internal combustion engines, having an injection nozzle (10) and a subsequent glow body (20), which has a conduit (30) surrounded by heatable walls (26) and serving for the passage therethrough of the injected streams. At least one lateral opening (32) discharges into this conduit (30), the opening preferably communicating with a region (46) of the combustion chamber (36) remote from the core region of the ignition. The air aspirated through the lateral opening (32) warms up and enters into the peripheral zone of the injected streams, where the result is an air-fuel ratio and temperature conditions which are very favorable for ignition. Less heat energy is required to initiate the ignition than in the known apparatus of this general type.

Abstract: A diesel engine has a cylinder head, an auxiliary combustion chamber defined in the cylinder head, an atomization passage communicating with the auxiliary combustion chamber, and a fuel injection nozzle means mounted in the cylinder head and having a primary injection port opening into the auxiliary combustion chamber and a secondary injection port opening toward an inner wall surface of the atomization passage. When the diesel engine is under a low load, fuel is injected from the secondary injection port toward the inner wall surface of the atomization passage while fuel is prevented from being injected from the primary injection port, for thereby causing fuel to flow along an inner wall surface of the auxiliary combustion chamber, which is positioned downstream in the direction in which a swirl flows.

Abstract: A low compression reciprocating internal combustion piston engine with a prechamber in the head connected to a main combustion chamber in the piston, the prechamber having an igniter and a pilot fuel injector; the main chamber including a fuel injector and a ramp for mixing the prechamber gases with the gases being compressed in the cylinder. The engine is a hybrid having transitional combustion modes from spark-ignited stratified charge mode at low power, to a spark-assisted compression ignition at higher power loads, and a strictly compression ignition mode at maximum power loads.

Abstract: The present invention features a modified Saurer type direct injection Diesel engine wherein the fuel injector is offset to one side of the cylinder bore axis and a lip is provided about the upper periphery of the cavity which generates a sufficiently strong squish and reverse squish as to entrain and disperse the fuel (viz., macro-mix) which is injected along the forshortened injection trajectories and prevent wetting of the cavity wall. The lip is further arranged to permit the finely divided low inertia and kinetic energy fuel droplets (micro-mixed) of the fuel which is injected along the elongate injection trajectories to be drawn out of the cavity under the influence of the reverse squish and thus obviate any delay in combustion.

Abstract: An auxiliary transfer passage is offset from the trajectory along which fuel is injected so as to be located downstream of the trajectory with respect to the direction of swirl within the swirl chamber and which is sized to have a cross-sectional area with respect to the main transfer passage and the cylinder bore in which the main combustion chamber is defined so as to simultaneously minimize smoke and NO.sub.x formation.

Abstract: A fuel injection and precombustion chamber arrangement for internal combustion engines comprising a pair of concentric poppet valves. The outermost valve is arranged to open and close the precombustion chamber to the internal combustion engine cylinder. The innermost valve is arranged to open and close a chamber, formed in the outermost valve body, to the cylinder and to place a fuel-filled annular groove on the spool of the innermost valve in communication with the precombustion chamber and the chamber in the outermost valve such as to mix air flowing through the chamber of the outermost valve from the cylinder fuel and inject into the precombustion chamber the fuel contained in the annular groove in an atomized state.

Abstract: An air-compressing, direct injection internal combustion engine in which the piston is formed with a combustion chamber in the shape of a solid of revolution and a constricted throat opening, and where mixture formation is predominantly by fuel deposition on the walls of the combustion chamber. The function of the internal combustion engine is proposed to be improved so that, by influencing the squish flow occurring as air in inducted into the combustion chamber, improved performance is obtained, especially in the lower and medium speed ranges of the engine. According to the new proposal, this is essentially achieved by forming the throat opening with an oval cross-section, adopting defined fuel jet directions when injecting the fuel, as well as keeping the location of the fuel discharge point within a defined area.

Abstract: A method of operating air-compressing direct-injecting internal combustion engines including at least one piston with a combustion chamber of a shape of a body of rotation, and a fuel injector with a controllable outlet and a throttle member for controlling the fuel injection-pressure is disclosed. The velocity of combustion air rotating about the longitudinal central axis of the combustion chamber and the velocity of the fuel stream when leaving the injector are coordinated to one another. The surface area of the fuel which is contactable by combustion air is controllable so that on increase of the speed of the internal combustion engine the surface area is decreased.

Abstract: An air-compressing, direct-injection internal combustion engine formed with a combustion chamber in the shape of a solid of revolution in the piston crown into which fuel is injected via only one jet through an injection nozzle arranged obliquely in the cylinder head, in the direction of the rotating air for combustion. The working of the internal combustion engine is proposed to be improved in such a way that fuel deflection liable to occur in all operating ranges, mainly at the start and at the end of injection due to the rotating air flow and, respectively, when the gas is flowing out of the combustion chamber after the top dead center position, is prevented from affecting the working of the engine and from producing erosion on the piston crown and/or cylinder head.

Abstract: A compression-ignition internal combustion engine has a secondary combustion chamber in communication with the main combustion chamber via an injection passage extending from one end of the secondary chamber, and a fuel injection nozzle for injecting fuel into the secondary chamber from an opposite end thereof. The injection nozzle includes a pair of fuel discharge orifices having axes lying in mutually parallel relationship and are disposed for essentially bisecting the secondary chamber, and the injection passage has a length smaller than the diameter thereof.

Abstract: Internal combustion reciprocating-piston engine precombustion chamber in which a mass of air or of air mixed with selective amounts of fuel and a spark-ignitable air-fuel mass are relatively segregatively compressed with the latter mass enveloping spark electrodes preparatory to ignition. The chamber is provided by recessing the air intake valve of an engine cylinder into the air intake passage for that cylinder so the chamber forms a section of that passage between the valve and the variable volume space above the piston in the cylinder. Contaminant products of combustion residual in the precombustion chamber upon completion of each combustion stroke are, during the next air intake stroke, vented into the cylinder variable volume space where they become mixed with the fresh intake air and any fuel entrained therein and then forced with this air back into the chamber pursuant to the ensuing compression stroke to be recycled during the next combustion stroke.

Abstract: A main combustion chamber and a pair of dual ignition antechambers are contained in the engine head associated with each of the engine cylinders with the antechambers in flow communication with the main combustion chamber. A main fuel injection valve is positioned recessed within the cylinder head displaced from the surface of the main combustion chamber for discharging injected fuel in an axial direction to stratify the fuel with respect to air contained in the chamber. During the subsequent compression stroke, a quantity of air surrounding the stratified fuel is forced into the antechambers for mixing with combustible quantities of fuel subsequently supplied. Ignition thereafter of the air-fuel mixture in the antechambers in turn ignites the air-fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber to effect the expansion stroke of the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a cylinder with a movable piston and a cylinder head, a main combustion chamber and an additional combustion chamber, elements producing a twisted stream rotating about an axis of the additional combustion chamber, an injecting nozzle opening in an aspirating passage, and an external igniting device, wherein the injecting nozzle is formed as a single-hole injecting nozzle and has an injection hole which is directed substantially against the igniting device.

Abstract: In a diesel engine having one inlet valve and one exhaust valve, with an inlet passage having a spiral profile to create rotary air turbulence in a combustion chamber of at least 1.5 times the engine speed, an injector pump, driven by an engine camshaft, supplies high pressure fuel to a fuel injector mounted in the cylinder head, which injects the fuel into the combustion chamber. The injector, which includes a nozzle tip having 4 to 6 jets, is inclined from the axis of the cylinder bore at an angle i of equal to or less than 30 degrees. The injector is also eccentrically mounted from the axis of the cylinder bore at an eccentricity value e that is less than or equal to 0.2 times the bore of the cylinder D. Also, the depth H of the combustion chamber to outer diameter d of the combustion chamber is related by the ratio H/d which is greater than 0.2 but less than 0.5.

Abstract: In a four stroke cycle internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber is disposed above the cylinder head and is connected by a passage to the piston chamber. The piston at its top dead center almost contacts the cylinder head. Inlet and outlet valves and spark plug means are associated with the top portion of the combustion chamber. The injecting device protrudes into the combustion chamber and is upwardly directed. The combustion chamber is surrounded by another chamber, which communicates with the combustion chamber through slots, which open into the top portion of the combustion chamber. The lower portion of the surrounding chamber communicates through openings with the combustion chamber. The openings are smaller in cross-section than the slots so that the explosive gases flow from the combustion chamber into the surrounding chamber and flow back through the openings into the surrounding chamber. This results in turbulence and mixing as in a cyclone so that a good combustion is ensured.

Abstract: The invention sets forth a method and apparatus for improving the injection and mixture of fuel and air in air-compressing combustion engines. The fuel is admitted into a rotationally symmetrical combustion chamber in such a manner that all droplets of the fuel stream are finely atomized at all speed and/or load ranges of the engine, and that the complete spray on entering the combustion chamber is so broken up that, from the combustion chamber wall to a point approximately one third of the combustion chamber radius, the broken-up spray matches the combustion chamber geometry, the injection of the fuel being effected in such a manner as to match the velocity and/or density distribution of the combustion air which rotates in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a swirl-chamber Diesel engine. A swirl-chamber Diesel engine is disclosed which has a main combustion chamber, a swirl chamber, and a communicating passage for connecting them. The problem encountered is that, when the engine runs at low speeds, fuel droplets within the swirl chamber will gather and flow along the communicating passage into the main combustion chamber. To prevent this unfavorable fuel flow, a depression is formed within the swirl chamber to collect the fuel droplets. The depression is disposed adjacent to and communicating with the communicating passage via a rounded lip to provide an arrangement which will make it easy for the combustion gases flow to draw the collected fuel from the depression. Since the fuel is drawn from the depression by the combustion gases flow, carbonization of fuel on the depression wall will not take place.

Abstract: A reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine with catalytic combustion has associated with the or each cylinder a swirl-promoting precombustion chamber in the cylinder head connected to the space in the cylinder above the piston by an inclined transfer passage formed in a "hot plug" inserted in a well in the head. A catalytic screen preferably comprising a platinum gauze extends across the top of the hot plug with its peripheral margin wrapped around the hot plug and trapped between the plug and the cylinder head. The plug has an open-topped recess formed in its upper side, into which recess the transfer passage leads, the recess constituting the lower part of the precombustion chamber and the catalytic screen separating this recess from the remainder of the interior of the precombustion chamber above the screen. An injector injects liquid fuel into the precombustion chamber above and parallel to the catalytic screen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating an air-compressing, self-igniting combustion machine or engine, for liquid fuels, which has a combustion chamber depression, in the piston, into which fuel is sprayed or injected essentially centrally, preferably in a direction toward the depression wall, and in which the combustion air rotates at the time of injection. Oxygen-containing fuel that is reluctant to ignite is injected through an injection device into the combustion chamber depression, and an ignitible fuel is sprayed or injected through a second injection device, with an overlap in the injection times of the ignitible fuel and the oxygen-containing fuel that is reluctant to ignite. Ignition of the oil fuel, gas oil or Diesel fuel starts before injection of the oxygen-containing fuel that is reluctant to ignite. After approximately 2/3 of the injection time of the Diesel fuel, there begins the injection of the oxygen-containing fuel which is reluctant to ignite.

Abstract: A fluidic diode combustion chamber for the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. The chamber comprises a passageway having an entrance and an exit in fluid communication with the cylinder immediately above its piston. The passageway is shaped and designed such that during the compression stroke, the flow of working fluid from the cylinder to its passageway is predominantly into the entrance of the passageway. During the expansion stroke, the flow of working fluid from the passageway back to the cylinder is predominantly from the exit of the passageway. Means is provided for injecting fuel into the passageway for forming a fuel air mixture for ignition.

Abstract: A fuel injection type internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head having a flat inner wall, and a piston having a flat top face. The flat inner wall and the flat top face form a squish area therebetween. A recess having a lung shaped cross-section is formed in the cylinder head. A shallow groove is formed on the flat inner wall of the cylinder head so as to extend from the intake valve to the recess. The exhaust valve is arranged on the bottom of the recess. A depression connected to the recess is formed on the shallow groove. The spark plug is arranged in the depression. The cylinder head has a portion located between the recess and the intake passage. A fuel injector is arranged in the intake passage. The nozzle of the fuel injector is directed to an inner wall portion of the intake passage, which is located near the recess.

Abstract: A prechamber for an air-compressing injection internal combustion engine which includes an enlarged space portion in communication with the cylinder space by way of a channel-shaped space portion; fuel is injected into the enlarged space portion essentially in the direction of the channel-shaped space portion while a baffle member is provided in the enlarged space portion which has a surface curved in the direction toward the fuel jet; the bottom side of the baffle member or of the insert pin thereof is constructed at least within the area of the baffle member as guide surface for the in-flowing combustion air flowing into the enlarged space portion of the prechamber.

Abstract: Stratified charge four-stroke-cycle internal combustion engine with fuel injection and spark-ignition of the type wherein stratification and initial combustion occurs in a combustion chamber auxiliary to the variable volume space in the engine cylinder between the piston and the cylinder head. Unique aspirating passage means communicating between the auxiliary chamber and the variable volume space conducts and causes air entering the chamber at one end, pursuant to the piston's compression stroke, to form a substantially non-turbulent air column rotating about the chamber axis and acretively compressed, by continued entry of air, toward and against the opposite end of the chamber. Fuel is injected into air initially in the chamber and that initially entering through the aspirating passage to mix with such air to form a spark-ignitable air-fuel mixture compressed against said other chamber end.

Abstract: Stratified charge four-stroke-cycle internal combustion engine with fuel injection and spark-ignition of the type wherein stratification and initial combustion occurs in a combustion chamber auxiliary to the variable volume space in the engine cylinder between the piston and the cylinder head. Unique aspirating passage means communicating between the auxiliary chamber and the variable volume space conducts and causes air entering the chamber at one end, pursuant to the piston's compression stroke, to form a substantially non-turbulent air column rotating about the chamber axis and acretively compressed, by continued entry of air, toward and against the opposite end of the chamber. Fuel is injected into air initially in the chamber and that initially entering through the aspirating passage to mix with such air to form a spark-ignitable air-fuel mixture compressed against said other chamber end.