Abstract: The combustion structure of an internal combustion engine comprises a cavity formed in the end wall of the piston and a projection on said piston adjacent its cavity to that the projection in the injection, ignition and combustion phase of the cycle only constricts communication between the two cavities and defines with the cavity in the wall a combustion chamber in which at least three distinct swirls of fluid are induced by the shape of the projection and a resultant three-dimensional circulation sweeps throughout this chamber. The fuel is injected into the circulation in this chamber and ignition takes place therein as well.

Abstract: Internal combustion reciprocating-piston engine precombustion chamber in which a mass of air or of air mixed with selective amounts of fuel and a spark-ignitable air-fuel mass are relatively segregatively compressed with the latter mass enveloping spark electrodes preparatory to ignition. The chamber is provided by recessing the air intake valve of an engine cylinder into the air intake passage for that cylinder so the chamber forms a section of that passage between the valve and the variable volume space above the piston in the cylinder. Contaminant products of combustion residual in the precombustion chamber upon completion of each combustion stroke are, during the next air intake stroke, vented into the cylinder variable volume space where they become mixed with the fresh intake air and any fuel entrained therein and then forced with this air back into the chamber pursuant to the ensuing compression stroke to be recycled during the next combustion stroke.

Abstract: An ignition plug for an internal combustion engine, and an internal combustion engine provided therewith, has first and second ignition chamber parts communicating with one another, an electrode supported on an insulator and a mass electrode and at least one overflow passage arranged to communicate with a main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine with an ignition chamber of the ignition plug, wherein the overflow passage is open directly into the second ignition chamber part from an end wall bounding the first ignition chamber part and is located inside an inner parallel surface of a circumferential wall of the second ignition chamber part.

Abstract: Internal combustion reciprocating-piston engine precombustion chamber in which a mass of air or air mixed with selective amounts of fuel and a spark-ignitable air-fuel mass are segregatively compressed with the latter mass enveloping spark electrodes preparatory to ignition. The chamber is provided by recessing the air intake valve of an engine cylinder into the cylinder head so that this chamber forms a section of the main air intake passage for the cylinder. Air deflecting means is provided in a vestibule of the chamber in a manner to create a vortex of air forced from the cylinder through the vestibule internally of the chamber pursuant to the compression stroke of the cylinder's piston, and, without incurring significant resistance to the flow of air delivered through the air intake passage into the cylinder pursuant to the preceding air intake stroke of the piston.

Abstract: A high efficiency high ratio dual swirl combustion chamber of a spark ignition internal combustion engine includes in preferred embodiment opposing closely conforming squish surfaces with an eight (8) shaped subchamber recess formed of adjoining subcylinders with concave sides joining to provide opposed diametrically located projections that generate dual swirling turbulent mixture flow for ignition and combustion in the subchamber.

Abstract: A spark-ignition type internal combustion engine having a precombustion chamber auxiliary to the variable volume space in the engine cylinder between the piston and cylinder head. Fuel injected into air in the chamber and fuel-laden air initially entering this chamber from the variable volume space, pursuant to the compression stroke of the piston, form a mixture compressed into a discrete reliably spark-ignitable air-fuel mass within a portion of the chamber where such mass envelops igniter electrodes. A vestibule portion of the chamber causes air, or air mixed with fuel in quantity deterninative of engine power output, forced from said space to enter the chamber in a manner compressing and retaining the air-fuel mass in its enveloping relation with the electrodes until ignition occurs.

Abstract: A method for igniting lean fuel-air mixtures and an apparatus for performing this method are described, wherein a preferably insertable ignition chamber is provided in the wall of an internal combustion engine, which ignition chamber communicates with the main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine via a plurality of channels. At least one of the channels serves the purpose of delivering a portion of the fresh mixture entering from the main combustion chamber into the first ignition chamber in a direct stream into the rear portion thereof, remote from the combustion chamber, of the first ignition chamber.

Abstract: An improved diesel combustion chamber of the prechamber type wherein a dual opening passage connecting the main and precombustion chambers has a large area base section below the dual openings to the prechamber and a restricted venturi between the base section and the outlet to the main chamber. In a preferred embodiment, narrowed channels in the head and piston connect with the narrowed outlet of the prechamber passage to aid further penetration across the main chamber of gas forced out through the venturi by increased pressures and combustion in the prechamber and the wide passage base portion.

Abstract: In accordance with the teachings of the present invention an internal combustion engine comprising at least a combustion chamber, a piston, a turbulence chamber provided inside the overhead cylinder above the piston, and an ignition device leading to the turbulence chamber is provided. The invention is characterized in that at least one channel provided at the base of the overhead cylinder, opens tangentially along the walls of the turbulence chamber. The channel has, at its origin, a width substantially equal to the diameter of the seat of the intake valve and narrows as it goes deeper in the direction of the turbulence chamber. This engine embodies an improvement of the Otto type engines.

Abstract: A diesel type prechamber has a centrally located heated tubular member supplied internally with hot air through a secondary throat or transfer passage, the air vaporizing the fuel sprayed against the outer surface of the hot member and also mixing with the vaporized fuel upon passage of the air through transpiration holes in the member.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine according to the present invention includes a piston reciprocally movable within a cylinder for affording rotational motions to a crankshaft, a combustion chamber formed among the piston, the cylinder and a cylinder head, an intake valve mechanism for opening and closing an intake passage to be communicated with the combustion chamber, igniting means having its igniting portion facing the combustion chamber, fuel supply means for supplying a predetermined quantity of fuel toward a predetermined wall of the combustion chamber, which is heated to a predetermined high temperature by the combustion in the combustion chamber, and an exhaust valve mechanism for opening and closing an exhaust passage to be communicated with the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a swirl-chamber Diesel engine. A swirl-chamber Diesel engine is disclosed which has a main combustion chamber, a swirl chamber, and a communicating passage for connecting them. The problem encountered is that, when the engine runs at low speeds, fuel droplets within the swirl chamber will gather and flow along the communicating passage into the main combustion chamber. To prevent this unfavorable fuel flow, a depression is formed within the swirl chamber to collect the fuel droplets. The depression is disposed adjacent to and communicating with the communicating passage via a rounded lip to provide an arrangement which will make it easy for the combustion gases flow to draw the collected fuel from the depression. Since the fuel is drawn from the depression by the combustion gases flow, carbonization of fuel on the depression wall will not take place.

Abstract: An ignition chamber device is described which has an elongated, rotationally symmetrical form. The wall of the ignition chamber which protrudes into the main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine has a coaxial overflow conduit embodied by a nozzle and radially extending discharge conduits which extend into the annular chamber which surrounds the nozzle. The ignition chamber is provided with an ignition device which has a central electrode that leads from the outside into the interior and by means of this central electrode the ignition voltage is carried via a conductor path, disposed in the wall, to a wall location opposite the nozzle, from where the ignition spark can leap the gap. A heat pipe is disposed in the nozzle and includes a portion arranged in close proximity to the cylinder wall, which prevents the ignition chamber from becoming overheated and on the other hand also enables the inflowing mixture to be heated up in optimal fashion on the way to the ignition location.

Abstract: A self-igniting internal combustion engine which includes at least one piston having a rotational symmetrical piston trough arranged therein. The piston trough has a conical side wall and an inlet port which is less than a largest diameter of the piston trough. An eccentrically arranged injection nozzle is provided for injecting fuel in a wall wetting phase into the piston trough. At least one fuel jet from the injection nozzle impinges approximately in a plane centrally onto the side wall. To avoid a wetting of the bottom of the trough with still liquid fuel, an annular bead is provided having a sharp annular bead edge. A collar is arranged at the neck of the inlet port, with the collar constituting a discontinuous transistion to the inlet port and causing in the area of the collar a swirl formation counteracting the wall-wetting fuel rising toward the inlet port.

Abstract: A reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine with catalytic combustion has associated with the or each cylinder a swirl-promoting precombustion chamber in the cylinder head connected to the space in the cylinder above the piston by an inclined transfer passage formed in a "hot plug" inserted in a well in the head. A catalytic screen preferably comprising a platinum gauze extends across the top of the hot plug with its peripheral margin wrapped around the hot plug and trapped between the plug and the cylinder head. The plug has an open-topped recess formed in its upper side, into which recess the transfer passage leads, the recess constituting the lower part of the precombustion chamber and the catalytic screen separating this recess from the remainder of the interior of the precombustion chamber above the screen. An injector injects liquid fuel into the precombustion chamber above and parallel to the catalytic screen.

Abstract: A piston-type internal combustion engine is proposed which has externally-supplied ignition and in which fuel is injected, from the direction of the intake tube, past the opened inlet valve directed into a partial combustion chamber of disc-like embodiment, the bottom or top of which is defined, respectively, by the surface area of the piston substantially by the valve plate of the inlet valve. As the result of the injection of the fuel in the last portion of the intake stroke and the spin formation in the compressed charge with the aid of guided squeeze flows, a layering of the charge is attained, which improves the ignitability and the speed of complete combustion of the operational mixture introduced into the combustion chamber, with low intake and transfer losses.

Abstract: A high compression type internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head having a flat inner wall, and a piston having a flat top face. The flat inner wall and the flat top face form a squish area therebetween. A recess having a lung-shaped cross-section is formed in the cylinder head. A shallow groove is formed on the flat inner wall of the cylinder head so as to extend from the intake valve to the recess. An exhaust valve is arranged on the bottom of the recess. The squish area comprises a first squish area portion and a second squish area portion. The first squish area portion has an area which is about four times the area of the second squish area portion. A spark plug is arranged in the recess at a position near the first squish area portion and remote from the second squish area portion.

Abstract: A prechamber for an air-compressing injection internal combustion engine which includes an enlarged space portion in communication with the cylinder space by way of a channel-shaped space portion; fuel is injected into the enlarged space portion essentially in the direction of the channel-shaped space portion while a baffle member is provided in the enlarged space portion which has a surface curved in the direction toward the fuel jet; the bottom side of the baffle member or of the insert pin thereof is constructed at least within the area of the baffle member as guide surface for the in-flowing combustion air flowing into the enlarged space portion of the prechamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is proposed with combustion chambers, comprising a main combustion chamber and an ignition chamber, the latter being connected to the main combustion chamber by at least one spill port, for the purpose of improving the ignitability of a relatively lean fuel mixture of an internal combustion engine. In this connection, the ignition chamber forms an elongated, closed cylinder wherein terminate spill ports from the main combustion chamber essentially radially and tangentially to the cylindrical wall of the ignition chamber, so that a turbulence is created in the medium introduced via the spill ports along the cylindrical walls of the ignition chamber, with a secondary swirl flowing back in the center. Thereby, a satisfactory separation of the freshly introduced medium from the residual gases remaining in the ignition chamber after the combustion is attained, thus providing optimum conditions for the ignition of the fuels utilized for operating the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in a four cycle valve-in-head internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber of which has at least one inlet and one outlet valve each of these valves having plate surfaces which are located at least substantially within the geometric cylindrical surface defined by the piston of the engine. On the one hand, the plate of the outlet valve is positioned in a zone spaced only slightly from the piston when it is the top-dead center position and thereby forms a compression surface area for portions of the charge to be compressed. On the other hand, the plate of the inlet valve is disposed in a portion of the cylinder head which defines the primary clearance volume of the combustion chamber together with the opposed piston top.

Abstract: A combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine has the form of a B-shaped chamber which consists of two spheroidal or spherical contiguous chambers which form an inwardly extending projection against which the air and fuel mixture impinges so as to be divided into two swirl flows which sweep residual burned gases of the previous cycle in the combustion chamber, thereby preventing knocking in the operation of the engine to improve the fuel consumption, driving performance and output of the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an ignition chamber forming a closed circular cylinder and communicating via at least one transfer channel with a main combustion chamber with the ignition chamber cylindrical wall being controlled by means of an annular thermal pipe to a virtually constant, high temperature and protected against a rapid cooling toward cooled parts of the internal combustion engine and against overheating. An ignition device inserted into the ignition chamber, with an electrode, forms a spark gap toward the cylindrical wall of the ignition chamber in the region between the middle of the ignition chamber and the transfer channels. To improve the stability of the electrode, the electrode is provided with a heat conductor so as to provide more severely leaning of the fuel-air mixture to be ignited while avoiding glow sparking and reducing the emission of noise.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in which some of the combustion chamber walls are kept at temperatures which are higher than the temperature of the remaining parts of the combustion chamber. The temperature control of the selected portions of the combustion chamber is performed by heat pipes which lie adjacent to thin combustion chamber walls and which transfer heat from these walls to other parts of the engine which are adjacent to coolant channels. The presence of the heat pipe insures a relatively low thermal inertia of the adjacent combustion chamber walls, permitting their rapid heating after cold starting and the presence of the heat pipe prevents excessive temperatures due to the ability to carry away heat from these parts of the combustion chamber at higher temperatures. The temperature-controlled combustion chamber walls may be provided in auxiliary combustion chambers, prechambers or antechambers.

Abstract: Stratified charge four-stroke-cycle internal combustion engine with fuel injection and spark-ignition of the type wherein stratification and initial combustion occurs in a combustion chamber auxiliary to the variable volume space in the engine cylinder between the piston and the cylinder head. Unique aspirating passage means communicating between the auxiliary chamber and the variable volume space conducts and causes air entering the chamber at one end, pursuant to the piston's compression stroke, to form a substantially non-turbulent air column rotating about the chamber axis and acretively compressed, by continued entry of air, toward and against the opposite end of the chamber. Fuel is injected into air initially in the chamber and that initially entering through the aspirating passage to mix with such air to form a spark-ignitable air-fuel mixture compressed against said other chamber end.

Abstract: Stratified charge four-stroke-cycle internal combustion engine with fuel injection and spark-ignition of the type wherein stratification and initial combustion occurs in a combustion chamber auxiliary to the variable volume space in the engine cylinder between the piston and the cylinder head. Unique aspirating passage means communicating between the auxiliary chamber and the variable volume space conducts and causes air entering the chamber at one end, pursuant to the piston's compression stroke, to form a substantially non-turbulent air column rotating about the chamber axis and acretively compressed, by continued entry of air, toward and against the opposite end of the chamber. Fuel is injected into air initially in the chamber and that initially entering through the aspirating passage to mix with such air to form a spark-ignitable air-fuel mixture compressed against said other chamber end.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an ignition chamber communicating with a main combustion chamber via at least one transfer channel, with the ignition chamber forming a closed circular cylinder and its cylindrical wall being protected by an annular thermal pipe from too-rapid cooling and from overheating. In the wall of the ignition chamber, partial electrodes disposed in an insulated manner are provided which are electrically connectable via spark gaps with each other and with the ignition voltage supply line. As a result, ignition occurs near the wall in an area at an elevated temperature level and, in particular, in the immediate vicinity of the entry point of the fresh fuel-air mixture via the overflow channel so that, as a result, the flammability is maintained with increased leaning of the fuel-air mixture.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust valves and a companion piston therefor in a cylinder block is proposed, the piston being provided with several depressions of varying depth and area and interconnected by a guide groove to control flow of the gaseous mixture from one depression to another. A first of the depressions in the piston is located at a distance from the longitudinal axis of the piston and one of the valves has a flat face which is substantially received in the depression. The other depression in the piston also has an axis that is spaced from the longitudinal axis of the piston with the guide groove which communicates with the first depression having a mouth that extends substantially tangentially into said second depression so that the vortex gaseous flow rotates approximately parallel to said piston top about the central longitudinal axis of the second depression toward the end of the compression stroke.

Abstract: A combustion process and apparatus for a spark ignited air compressing internal combustion engine with direct injection of the major portion of the fuel onto the wall of the combustion chamber provided in the piston in the form of a body of revolution, according to which a rotary motion is imparted upon the inflowing air in such a way that the fuel is gradually released from the combustion chamber wall and mixed with the air in the form of vapors. The injection nozzle is positioned in the cylinder head near the combustion chamber throat while the ignition device extends into the combustion chamber at the top dead center position of the piston. The fuel is injected onto the combustion chamber wall by means of a jet from which individual small fuel particles are detached which are immediately mixed with the air on being emitted from the injection nozzle opening.

Abstract: A piston, especially for internal combustion engines, which piston has a cup-shaped combustion chamber depression in the upper face wall, with recesses in the upper edge of the depression for a fuel injection nozzle and an ignition device, respectively. The fuel is injected into the cavity with a short unrestrained length of spray onto the depression wall, and during fuel injection combustion air is moved about an axis extending in the longitudinal direction of the piston. The combustion chamber depression has an at least nearly cylindrical wall in the region of the recesses, the first recess is formed by a trough which has sharp edges, terminates flat, and is inclined to a surface line of the depression. The other recess with which is associated the ignition device extends closely adjacent to the first recess, at an angle in the direction opposite to movement of air, with a ridge being provided between the two recesses.

Abstract: A precombustion type diesel engine having a modified and improved flame cup and precombustion chamber arrangement wherein a single side-opening passage in the floor of the flame cup is provided with dual throats connecting with the prechamber. The primary opening or throat controls swirl development during gas inflow to the prechamber while the secondary opening or throat allows early discharge of initial combustion products to the main combustion chamber for improved secondary mixing and reduced particulate emissions.

Abstract: A high compression type internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head having a flat inner wall, and a piston having a flat top face. The flat inner wall and the flat top face form a squish area therebetween. A recess having a lung shaped cross-section is formed in the cylinder head. A shallow groove is formed in the flat inner wall of the cylinder head so as to extend from the intake valve to the recess. The exhaust valve is arranged on the top of the recess. A depression connected to the recess is formed in the shallow groove. The spark plug is arranged in the depression.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving the combustion process of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. A prechamber containing a combustible mixture is designed to generate a torch emanating therefrom upon ignition; the torch is controlled to extend and penetrate deeply into the main combustion at a predetermined orientation without contact with the chamber walls. The swirling flame front of the sustained torch produces superior mixing with the unburned combustible mixture in the main combustion, particularly of a rotary engine. The prechamber is located outside the epitrochoid chamber of the rotary engine; in a nonstratified charge mode of this invention, the prechamber serves to receive a portion of the main chamber inducted charge during the compression cycle, which may be lean and difficult to ignite in the main chamber. In the prechamber, concentrated hot walls and a localized spark facilitate ready ignition, which in turn permits generation of a torch therefrom.

Abstract: A reciprocating internal combustion engine has a cylindrical combustion chamber lying substantially entirely within the cylinder head and including a fuel injection nozzle and possibly a glow plug. The top of the cylindrical combustion chamber is defined by the disc of the intake poppet valve and the bottom of the combustion chamber is defined at top dead center by a projection of the piston which is formed in a piston cap that consists of thermally resistant material and within which there is an air-filled void that prevents the heat transfer from the combustion chamber to the main body of the piston. This construction permits high surface temperatures within the combustion chamber without attendant heavy thermal stresses in the body of the piston.

Abstract: The invention is in an externally ignited internal combustion engine which has one main combustion chamber per cylinder and one ignition chamber which communicates with the main combustion chamber via an excess flow channel, the opening member of which projects into the main combustion chamber and is embodied as a flame injector. After the ignition of the mixture located in the ignition chamber by means of a spark plug, when the jet of flame leaves the excess flow channel and enters the main combustion chamber through the flame injector, the fuel-rich mixture surrounding the opening of the ignition chamber is induced in the vicinity of the cooled walls of the main combustion chamber and thus the temperature of the jet of flame is lowered. In this way, the NO.sub.x concentration of the charge component comprising the jet of flame, and thus also the exhaust gas quantity as a whole, is reduced.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber are interconnected to each other via at least one connecting passage. The auxiliary combustion chamber and the connecting passage are formed in an auxiliary chamber component which is press-fitted into the recess formed in the cylinder head. The spark plug is located in the connecting passage. The inner wall of the connecting passage is covered by a heat insulation member which is made of a heat resistable material such as Invar for ensuring the stable growth and the non-extinguishment of the flame of combustible mixture ignited by the spark plug.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising an auxiliary chamber connected to a main chamber via a connecting passage. A raised portion is formed on the inner wall of the auxiliary chamber. The auxiliary chamber is divided into a first chamber and a second chamber. The connecting passage is tangentially connected to the inner wall of the second chamber at a position opposite to the raised portion with respect to the axis of the auxiliary chamber. A fuel injector having a pair of injection nozzles is arranged in the first chamber. One of the injection nozzles is directed to the tip of the raised portion. The other nozzle is directed to the inner wall of the auxiliary chamber, which is located at a position opposite to the raised portion with respect to the axis of the auxiliary chamber.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having controlled ignition, apparatus for controlling injection of the fuel so as to greatly increase the advance with the load on the engine, and a precombustion chamber into which emerge both the fuel injector and the controlled ignition device, adjacent elementary chambers formed at least in the cylinder head, the lower face of the cylinder head extending between the elementary chambers and the upper face of the piston forming an impelling surface surrounding the prechamber, the inlets into the main combustion chamber and prechamber opening into the impelling surface without throttle between the prechamber and the main chamber during the complete cycle of the piston.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for an internal combustion engine of the direct injection type defined by a cylinder head, a cylinder liner and a piston head, the piston head having formed therein a cavity in which air swirl can be produced by a known means.A fuel injection valve having a plurality of fuel injection nozzles is disposed above the cavity for injecting jets of fuel radially against the cavity wall.The cavity comprises an equilateral polygonal cavity formed in the upper part of the piston head and a toroidal cavity formed continuously to the polygonal cavity in the lower part of the piston head. The equilateral polygonal cavity has rounded corners formed therein, the ratio of the radius of the rounded corners to that of a inscribed circle of the equilateral polygonal cavity being from about 0.05 to about 0.8.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in which each cylinder or combustion volume includes a separate ignition chamber which communicates with the main combustion chamber through a relatively narrow channel or channels. The combustible mixture is delivered to the separate chamber exclusively through these channels by the compressive action of the piston and is ignited there by a suitable electrical spark, for example. There is no additional admission of fuel or fuel mixture to the separate ignition chamber. The channel or channels terminate in the ignition chamber in such a manner, for example, tangentially, that one or more vortices are generated in the chamber prior to ignition. The channels are so oriented that the emerging igniter flames are directed to potential hot cells in the main combustion chamber where auto-ignition could occur.