Precombustion Chamber Liner Or Coating Patents (Class 123/270)
  • Patent number: 11655751
    Abstract: To effectively suppress strong knock that occurs in the operating region of high load and high rotation in a specific engine having a pre-chamber in a combustion chamber, the engine includes a piston that defines a combustion chamber together with a cylinder block and a cylinder head. The combustion chamber includes a sub-chamber and a main chamber separated from the sub-chamber by a pre-chamber. The specific ratio obtained by dividing a volume of the sub-chamber by a stroke volume of a cylinder is greater than or equal to 0.00005 and less than or equal to 0.00045.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 18, 2022
    Date of Patent: May 23, 2023
    Assignee: Mazda Motor Corporation
    Inventors: Yuji Harada, Kenji Uchida, Ryohei Ono, Masayuki Kidokoro, Kazuhiro Nagatsu
  • Patent number: 11530639
    Abstract: The present invention pertains to a pre-chamber body for an internal combustion engine. The pre-chamber body comprises a pre-chamber tip with a pre-chamber defined by an encircling side wall and at least one flow transfer passage fluidly connecting the pre-chamber and an exterior of the pre-chamber body (1), the flow transfer passage extending through the encircling wall, wherein the side wall is provided with at least one stiffness reduced section in proximity or adjacent to the flow transfer passage.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 14, 2019
    Date of Patent: December 20, 2022
    Assignee: Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH
    Inventor: Inigo Guisasola
  • Patent number: 11519322
    Abstract: A fuel injector assembly for an internal combustion engine includes a proximal end portion, a distal end portion, and a fuel injector extending at least to the distal end portion, the fuel injector including a fuel opening. The fuel injector assembly also includes a chamber formed between the proximal and distal end portions, a flame passage extending from the chamber to the distal end portion, and an atomizer configured to provide atomization of liquid fuel injected into the chamber.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 27, 2021
    Date of Patent: December 6, 2022
    Assignee: Caterpillar Inc.
    Inventor: Robert M. McDavid
  • Patent number: 11162410
    Abstract: A diesel engine includes at least one cylinder (1) with a piston (2) having a piston bowl (3). A fuel injector (6) is configured to direct a fuel spray towards a target area (21) on an annular wall section (22) of the piston bowl so as to make a flame (20) formed by ignition of the fuel spray hit the target area. The target area borders, via a flow separation edge (23), on a lowered flow separation area (24) on the annular wall section so as to give this annular wall section a stepped configuration. The flow separation edge and flow separation area are configured to induce the formation of a vortex-filled wake between the flame and the flow separation area on the downstream side of the flow separation edge when the flame flows from the target area, across the flow separation edge and over the flow separation area.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 29, 2019
    Date of Patent: November 2, 2021
    Inventors: Anders Jäger, Thomas Hällqvist, Daniel Norling
  • Patent number: 10273869
    Abstract: A prechamber ignition device in an internal combustion engine is provided having a body piece formed of a first type of material and a tip piece formed of a second type of material. A distal end of the body piece has a cladding, which may be of the second type of material, for preventing corrosion of the first type of material from which the body piece is formed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 14, 2016
    Date of Patent: April 30, 2019
    Assignee: Caterpillar Inc.
    Inventors: Curtis Graham, Daniel Cavanaugh
  • Patent number: 10196963
    Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes: a main combustion chamber; an intake port connected to the main combustion chamber; an exhaust port connected to the main combustion chamber; a sub-chamber; and a spark plug in the sub-chamber. The sub-chamber is provided between the intake opening portion and the exhaust opening portion and connected to the main combustion chamber through a plurality of communication holes. The communication holes include a first communication hole provided on the intake opening portion side, and a second communication hole provided on the exhaust opening portion side. The first communication hole is closer to a piston than the second communication hole is. The first communication hole is inclined to be closer to the piston as the first communication hole is positioned toward the inside from the outside of the sub-chamber.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 13, 2018
    Date of Patent: February 5, 2019
    Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventor: Sachio Mori
  • Patent number: 10063035
    Abstract: In an ignition device having an ignition plug for igniting a fuel mixture gas introduced in a combustion chamber, a super hydrophilic membrane is formed on a surface at the combustion chamber side of a plug forming member of the ignition plug. The super hydrophilic membrane contains super hydrophilic particles and thermal excitation catalyst particles, and satisfies a relationship of ?W2<?W1, where ?W1 indicates a water contact angle between water and the plug forming member on which no super hydrophilic membrane is formed, and ?W2 indicates a water contact angle between water and the plug forming member on which the super hydrophilic membrane is formed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 8, 2015
    Date of Patent: August 28, 2018
    Assignee: DENSO CORPORATION
    Inventors: Kenji Kanehara, Akimitsu Sugiura
  • Patent number: 8505513
    Abstract: The present invention is a fuel injection method for a direct-injection internal-combustion engine, preferably of diesel type, comprising a cylinder (10) closed by a cylinder head (16), a piston (12) comprising a bowl (18), and a fuel injector (48). The method feeds the fuel into a bowl coated with a thermal insulation coating in at least two successive injections in quick succession to achieve low-temperature combustion of the fuel mixture.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 3, 2010
    Date of Patent: August 13, 2013
    Assignee: IFP
    Inventor: Julian Kashdan
  • Patent number: 7753023
    Abstract: A cylinder liner has an outer circumferential surface on which a film is formed. The film functions to form gaps between the cylinder block and the cylinder liner. Alternatively, the film functions to reduce adhesion of the cylinder liner to the cylinder block. The cylinder liner suppresses excessive decreases in the temperature of a cylinder.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 6, 2006
    Date of Patent: July 13, 2010
    Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Toshihiro Takami, Kouhei Hori, Takeshi Tsukahara, Noritaka Miyamoto, Masaki Hirano, Yukinori Ohta, Satoshi Yamada, Kouhei Shibata, Nobuyuki Yamashita, Toshihiro Mihara, Giichiro Saito, Masami Horigome, Takashi Sato
  • Publication number: 20080202486
    Abstract: An improved internal combustion engine of the four-stroke variable volume type operates by refraining from introducing substantial fuel into the working medium during the compression stroke until substantially maximum pressure of the working medium has been reached and utilizing at least one of the following processes: (a) causing combustion of fuel under substantially constant volume conditions; and (b) causing the power stroke to provide a larger volume to combustion products than the compression stroke provides to the working medium. Related methods are also provided.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 12, 2005
    Publication date: August 28, 2008
    Applicant: LIQUID PISTON, INC.
    Inventors: Alexander Cerge Shkolnik, Nikolay Shkolnik
  • Patent number: 7210447
    Abstract: The invention concerns an ignition device for internal combustion engine, containing: a main chamber (1) designed for including a main combustible mixture, and fitted with a compression system of said mixture, and an igniter (11) containing a precombustion chamber (2) designed for receiving reactants and an ignition system (13,14) of the reactants contained in the precombustion chamber (2), said precombustion chamber (2) being defined by a precombustion chamber body (12) having a head (12a) including at least one passageway (15), said head (12a) of the precombustion chamber body separating the precombustion chamber (2) from the main chamber (1) and communicating the precombustion chamber (2) and the main chamber (1) by dint of the passageway(s) (15), characterised in that the head (12a) is coated at least partially externally with a coating layer (R) of at least one refractory material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 17, 2003
    Date of Patent: May 1, 2007
    Assignee: Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
    Inventors: Cyril Robinet, Nicolas Tourteaux
  • Patent number: 7104245
    Abstract: The invention concerns an ignition device for internal combustion engine, containing: a main chamber (1) designed for including a main combustible mixture, and fitted with a compression system of said mixture, an igniter (11) containing a precombustion chamber (2) designed for receiving reactants and an ignition system (13,14) of the reactants contained in the precombustion chamber, said precombustion chamber (2) being defined by a precombustion chamber body (12) having a head (12a) including at least one passageway (15), said head (12a) of the precombustion chamber body separating the precombustion chamber (2) from the main chamber (1) and communicating the precombustion chamber (2) and the main chamber (1) by dint of the passageway(s) (15), characterised in that said precombustion chamber body (12) is made of a material having a thermal conductivity at 20° C. of at least 10 W/K/m.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 17, 2003
    Date of Patent: September 12, 2006
    Assignee: Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
    Inventors: Cyril Robinet, Nicolas Tourteaux
  • Patent number: 6557519
    Abstract: A reciprocating machine includes a housing (12) and piston means (20) that are cyclically relatively displaceable along an axis (11) to define a variable volume working chamber (50). There is further provided air inlet means and fuel inlet means (100) admitting air and fuel to the working chamber for forming an ignitable mixture after compression of the air therein, and means to exhaust combustion products from the working chamber. The variable volume working chamber (50) includes at least two sub-chambers, a combustion chamber (54) and a main chamber (52) mutually displaced on the axis (11) and in communication at a cross section (53) at which gas in the combustion chamber (54) may expand at least partially laterally as it flows from the combustion chamber (54) into the main chamber (52). The air admission means, the exhaust means and the chambers (52, 54) are arranged so that a swirl of gas is generated and maintained about the axis (11) in both chambers (52, 54) during operation of the machine.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 28, 2001
    Date of Patent: May 6, 2003
    Assignee: Galbraith Engineering Pty Ltd.
    Inventor: Peter Afton Galbraith
  • Patent number: 6340013
    Abstract: A recuperating four-stroke internal combustion engine obtains improves Carnot efficiency by use of a new and novel cylinder head which captures thermal energy normally thrown away in the exhaust and re-introduces it to the working cycle. This result, long sought by others, has been achieved by incorporating within the head a compact internal recuperative heat exchanger in series with a combustion chamber or pre-chamber. A recuperator-protecting valve segregates the recuperator from hot combustion gases until the gases reach maximum expansion in the cylinder. Recuperators of both common-duct and seperated-duct design are described, the separated duct recuperator permitting higher recuperator temperature and increased efficiency and a reduction in the number of valves necessary to control gas flow. A preferred embodiment employs four valves per cylinder unit, a separated duct recuperator, and an insulating liner that surrounds both the combustion chamber and the recuperator.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 3, 1998
    Date of Patent: January 22, 2002
    Inventor: Richard Berkeley Britton
  • Patent number: 6125813
    Abstract: A fuel injection, ignition, and combustion system for use in a rotary internal combustion engine of the diesel type and method of power extraction is provided. The fuel combustion system includes a rotary engine with a prechamber disposed in a top center position of the engine housing. The prechamber includes means within the prechamber for maintaining a surface in the prechamber at a temperature sufficient to cause ignition of the fuel. In operation, unthrottled air is introduced into the housing and compressed in the top center position of the engine housing. Fuel is introduced into the prechamber via a fuel injector disposed within the prechamber which ignites due to the hot surface and initiates combustion. The engine continues to operate by retaining the surface of the prechamber at a high temperature which initiates subsequent combustion cycles.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 9, 1997
    Date of Patent: October 3, 2000
    Assignee: Patrick Power Products, Inc.
    Inventors: Leonard J. Louthan, Michael J. Griffith
  • Patent number: 6073604
    Abstract: In the combustion chamber structure of the gas engine the combustion chamber members are formed with the sub-communication holes allowing communication between the main combustion chambers and the pre-combustion chambers and also with throat holes in which throat hole valves are installed. This structure avoids excessively high compressed air pressure in the main combustion chambers during the compression stroke and reduces the compression work to improve performance. The sub-communication holes open at the wall surfaces situated in the main combustion chambers and also at the upper wall surfaces of the pre-combustion chambers. The axes of the ports of the sub-communication holes opening to the main combustion chambers extend toward the center axes of the throat holes. The axes of the ports of the sub-communication holes opening to the pre-combustion chambers extend offset from the center axes of the pre-combustion chambers.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 18, 1998
    Date of Patent: June 13, 2000
    Assignee: Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Kenro Nakashima
  • Patent number: 5915351
    Abstract: An insulated pre-combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine in which a piston is disposed in a cylinder for reciprocal movement relative to the cylinder. A cylinder head is provided over the cylinder and piston to form a main combustion chamber and the pre-combustion chamber is located in the cylinder head above the main combustion chamber. The pre-combustion chamber includes a pair of rigidly interconnected housing members with transfer passages formed in the lower housing member for connecting the pre-combustion chamber with the main combustion chamber. At least one insulation member is located between the upper and lower housing members and the cylinder head for reducing the heat loss from the pre-combustion chamber.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 1, 1997
    Date of Patent: June 29, 1999
    Assignee: Chrysler Corporation
    Inventor: Jose F. Regueiro
  • Patent number: 5333582
    Abstract: This invention provides a pre-combustion chamber gas engine capable of being applied to a two-stroke gas engine using a natural gas as fuel. A gas fuel is supplied to precombustion chambers with communication ports, which allows communication between primary chambers and pre-combustion chambers, closed with control valves provided therein, and suction air is supplied to cylinders and compressed under a high pressure. Even when the suction air is compressed under a high pressure in the primary chambers, the self-ignition of gas fuel does not occur therein since a gas fuel does not exist therein, so that knocking does not occur. Each of the control valves provided in the communication ports is constructed so that a lift amount thereof can be varied by a controller.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 28, 1993
    Date of Patent: August 2, 1994
    Assignee: Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Hideo Kawamura
  • Patent number: 5277159
    Abstract: A piston and cylinder arrangment for an internal combustion engine designed to run on diesel and similar fuels, comprises a cylinder defining a main combustion chamber, a piston reciprocatable within said cylinder and having a thermally insulating plate on its upper surface, a cylinder head including a precombustion chamber, a fuel injector for injecting fuel into said precombustion chamber, and a thermally insulated block of material with high heat retention ability surrounding the precombustion chamber to maintain a high temperature a high temperature of at least about 500.degree. C. in the precombustion chamber and thereby facilitate fuel ignition at moderate compression ratios. A mass of material with high heat retention ability is mounted on the insulated surface of the piston so as to remain at a high temperature during running of the engine and facilitate the combustion process during the downward stroke of the piston.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 25, 1992
    Date of Patent: January 11, 1994
    Inventor: Gary D. Webster
  • Patent number: 5260116
    Abstract: Ceramic materials to be insert-cast are disclosed, which each contain not less than 65% by volume of aluminum titanate as a crystalline phase, and have an average particle diameter of crystals thereof being not less than 10 .mu.m, Young's modulus of 50 to 2,000 kgf/mm.sup.2, compression strength of 5 to 40 kgf/mm.sup.2, and porosity of 5 to 35%. Ceramic port liners are also disclosed, which are free from cracking due to compression force during insert-casting, peeling-off during use, and facilitate insert-casting. To attain this, a reinforcement which meets either one or both of requirements that differences in coefficient of thermal expansion at 800.degree. C. and Young's modulus between the reinforcement and a material constituting the port liner body are in a range of .+-.0.1% and in a range of .+-.1,000 kgf/mm.sup.2, respectively, is filled into a depressed portion at an outer peripheral surface of the port liner body to form an integrated structure with a flat or swelled surface.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 8, 1991
    Date of Patent: November 9, 1993
    Assignee: NGK Insulators, Ltd.
    Inventors: Toshiyuki Hamanaka, Takashi Harada, Fumio Hattori
  • Patent number: 5178109
    Abstract: This invention relates to a heat-insulating engine with swirl chambers which reduces a throttle loss due to the communication ports and increases the speed of a vortex flow within swirl chambers. The heat-insulating engine with swirl chambers comprises small communication ports each with a small passage area and large communication ports each with a large passage area formed at the lower portions of the swirl chamber blocks constituting heat-insulating swirl chambers, and control valves provided to large communication ports. During the compression stroke, the control valves close the large communication ports, and open the same ports during the expansion stroke after fuel injection and on rise in pressure in the swirl chambers. Accordingly, during the compression stroke, air is sent into the swirl chambers at high speed via small communication ports to increase a vortex flow speed within the swirl chambers.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 13, 1992
    Date of Patent: January 12, 1993
    Assignee: Isuzu Motors Limited
    Inventor: Hideo Kawamura
  • Patent number: 5163385
    Abstract: An internal combustion engine fueled with a coal-water slurry is described. About 90 percent of the coal-water slurry charge utilized in the power cycle of the engine is directly injected into the main combustion chamber where it is ignited by a hot stream of combustion gases discharged from a pilot combustion chamber of a size less than about 10 percent of the total clearance volume of main combustion chamber with the piston at top dead center. The stream of hot combustion gases is provided by injecting less than about 10 percent of the total coal-water slurry charge into the pilot combustion chamber and using a portion of the air from the main combustion chamber that has been heated by the walls defining the pilot combustion chamber as the ignition source for the coal-water slurry injected into the pilot combustion chamber.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 12, 1992
    Date of Patent: November 17, 1992
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of Energy
    Inventor: Michael H. McMillian
  • Patent number: 5095872
    Abstract: An alcohol engine with combustion cavity of this invention includes combustion cavity blocks for constituting combustion cavities of a heat-insulating structure, disposed in a cylinder head, communication ports of a heat-insulating structure for communication between main combustion chambers and the combustion cavities and fuel injection nozzles each including a nozzle main body extending to the center portion of the combustion cavity and multi-injection injection ports formed around the tip of the nozzle main body and opening in such a manner as to face the center inner peripheral wall surface of the combustion cavity.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 1, 1990
    Date of Patent: March 17, 1992
    Assignee: Isuzu Motors Ltd
    Inventor: Hideo Kawamura
  • Patent number: 5070833
    Abstract: In a heat-insulating swirl chamber engine, subsidiary fuel is injected from subsidiary nozzles along the inner wall surfaces of swirl chambers of a heat-insulating structure from the second half of an intake stroke to the first half of a compression stroke, so that a lean mixture formed in the swirl chambers does not diffuse into cylinders, deterioration of hydrocarbon components can be prevented and moreover, since the fuel comes into contact with the wall surfaces of the swirl chambers, heat energy can be recovered from the wall surfaces.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 1, 1990
    Date of Patent: December 10, 1991
    Assignee: Isuzu Motors Limited
    Inventor: Hiroshi Matsuoka
  • Patent number: 5069179
    Abstract: An internal combustion engine is described which comprises a main combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber which is arranged in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine and is connected via a shot channel to the main combustion chamber. To increase the high-temperature stability, the parts of the secondary combustion chamber which are acted upon by the hot gas jet are made of a material of intermetallic phase.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 25, 1999
    Date of Patent: December 3, 1991
    Assignee: Mercedes-Benz AG
    Inventors: Johann Kramer, Rainer Renz
  • Patent number: 5054443
    Abstract: A heat-insulating engine with swirl chamber constructed such that a control valve of which an opening or closing can be controlled under an operation of a cam or an electromagnetic force arranged in a communication hole between a swirl chamber made of a heat-insulating wall body and a main combustion chamber, wherein the control valve is kept closed during an intake stroke, intake air is shielded against a hot temperature part of the swirl chamber, the thermal expansion caused by accepting heat of the intake air is restricted to prevent the efficiency of suction from being decreased and deterioration of the combustion speed is eliminated.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 24, 1989
    Date of Patent: October 8, 1991
    Assignee: Isuzu Motors Limited
    Inventor: Hideo Kawamura
  • Patent number: 5040504
    Abstract: The heat-insulating engine with swirl chambers of this invention comprises thin members made of a monolithic ceramic material for forming the surface portions of swirl chambers communicating with main combustion chambers through communication ports, high rigidity outer wall members made of a monolithic ceramic material for forming the outer peripheral portions, and swirl chamber inner wall members made of a ceramic whisker material and disposed between the thin members and the high rigidity wall members. Therefore, this heat-insulating engine with swirl chambers has high thermal stress assured by the thin members, high mechanical strength secured by the high rigidity wall members and high heat-insulating property attained by the swirl chamber inner wall members.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 4, 1990
    Date of Patent: August 20, 1991
    Assignee: Isuzu Motors Limited
    Inventor: Hiroshi Matsuoka
  • Patent number: 5025765
    Abstract: A heat-insulated four-cycle engine includes a heat-insulated main combustion chamber, a prechamber having an ejection port communicating with the main combustion chamber and associated with an exhaust valve, a projection mounted on the piston head surface of a piston and movable into the ejection port in the vicinity of the top dead center, a recess defined in the piston head surface around the projection, and intake ports defined in the cylindrical wall of a cylinder which defines the main combustion chamber. Combustion gases produced as a result of combustion of fuel in the prechamber are held in the prechamber by the projection in a high-temperature condition for a certain period of time. Thereafter, as the piston is lowered from the top dead center, the combustion gases are discharged from the prechamber into the main combustion chamber, thus lowering the pressure in the prechamber.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 26, 1990
    Date of Patent: June 25, 1991
    Assignee: Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co. Ltd.
    Inventor: Hideo Kawamura
  • Patent number: 4998517
    Abstract: In this heat insulating engine, an auxiliary combustion chamber which is formed by a block consisting of a material of a low heat transfer rate and provided on the inner surface thereof with a thin member composed of a high-density ceramic material, and which is provided with a fuel injection nozzle in the wall thereof, is communicated with a main combustion chamber fitted in a cylinder head via a heat insulating member and formed by a thin member consisting of a high-density ceramic material. Accordingly, the thermal capacity of the inner surface of the auxiliary combustion chamber becomes small, and the mixing of the atomized fuel with air is effected speedily. Consequently, the combustion temperature increases in a short period of time, and the generation of smoke is suppressed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 12, 1989
    Date of Patent: March 12, 1991
    Assignee: Isuzu Motors
    Inventor: Hideo Kawamura
  • Patent number: 4993382
    Abstract: An insert for an indirect injection diesel engine having a cylindrical body having a top wall and a hole formed in the top wall through which fuel and air may be injected into the interior of the insert. A heat resistant alloy layer or welding overlay is formed surrounding at least one of the upper and lower ends of the hole. By completely surrounding the hole openings with the alloy, machining of the hole is made easier.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 29, 1989
    Date of Patent: February 19, 1991
    Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Riken
    Inventors: Makoto Suzuki, Toshio Mizobuchi
  • Patent number: 4942804
    Abstract: A piston head has a cavity and a central projection projecting into the cavity. A ceramic insert is cast in a piston body so as to cover a piston head portion defining the cavity except the central projection-and-its adjacent piston head portion. The ceramic insert has an edge defining a hole through which the central projection projects into the ceramic insert. In one form of the embodiment, a clearance is provided between the edge of the ceramic insert and the central projection-and-its adjacent piston head portion.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 9, 1988
    Date of Patent: July 24, 1990
    Assignee: NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Tooru Matsuura, Yoshinori Narita
  • Patent number: 4899707
    Abstract: The invention relates to a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine in which each combustion chamber has a prechamber. A cast metal body of the cylinder head has recesses each of which provides a prechamber, and a hollow and, for example, bell-shaped member of an adequately porous ceramics is cast-inserted in the inner surface defining each recess. Use is made of a ceramics low in thermal expansion coefficient and heat conductivity, such as aluminum titanate or cordierite, and the porosity of the ceramics is limited within the range of from 5 to 20%. The cast-inserted ceramics member can easily be machine-finished and, without any extra treatment, has sufficient strength and durability.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 17, 1988
    Date of Patent: February 13, 1990
    Assignee: NGK Spark Plug Company, Limited
    Inventors: Tooru Matsuura, Yoshinori Narita
  • Patent number: 4887568
    Abstract: A cylinder head has an insert assembly defining a precombuation chamber in a cylinder head. The insert assembly includes a domed insert made of ceramics and cast into a cylinder head body. A fuel injection nozzle hole and a glow plug hole are formed so as to open through the domed insert into the precombustion chamber and inclined with respect to a center axis of the precombustion chamber. The domed insert is provided at the inner surface thereof with a flat inner surface portion constituting part of a circular plane of which axis coincides with a center axis of the precombustion chamber and/or a recess constituting part of a truncated cone or a sphere of which axis coincides with the center axis of the precombustion chamber, whereby to eliminate an otherwise occurring sharp edged portion or portions of the domed insert.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 31, 1988
    Date of Patent: December 19, 1989
    Assignee: NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Tooru Matsuura, Masato Taniguchi
  • Patent number: 4875444
    Abstract: A dome shaped ceramic insert which defines a portion of a swirl chamber is formed at the crown portion with a single aperture through which both the fuel injector and the glow plug can extend. The cylinder head is formed with a portion which fits into the aperture and which has a wall portion which cooperates with the inner walls of the insert to define the upper section of the swirl chamber.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 28, 1988
    Date of Patent: October 24, 1989
    Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Hirofumi Tsuchida, Toshiaki Tanaka, Akira Oyamada, Sumio Hirao
  • Patent number: 4873952
    Abstract: The invention relates to a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine in which each combustion chamber has a prechamber. A cast metal body of the cylinder head has recesses each of which provides a prechamber, and a hollow and, for example, bell-shaped member of a porous ceramics is cast-inserted in the inner surface defining each recess. Use is made of a ceramics low in thermal expansion coefficient and heat conductivity, such as aluminum titanate or cordierite, and the porosity of the ceramics is 5 to 50%. Because of its porousness the cast-inserted ceramics member is easily machine-finished. After that, for enhancement of strength and durability, the cast-inserted member of the porous ceramics is impregnated with an inorganic refractory material by using either a solution of, for example, sodium silicate or aluminum phosphate or an aqueous suspension of a ceramics powder, or a mixture of the solution and the suspension.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 26, 1988
    Date of Patent: October 17, 1989
    Assignee: NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Yoshinori Narita, Mitsuyoshi Kawamura
  • Patent number: 4872433
    Abstract: Improved combustion chamber configurations for two-cycle engines with high pressure fuel injected systems having reciprocal pistons, cylinders with multiple injectors for each cylinder and a cylinder head liner with a chamber having a discoidal configuration that cooperates with a piston head structure to generate a toroidal, swirling, compressed air flow during compression strokes of the reciprocating piston.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 7, 1987
    Date of Patent: October 10, 1989
    Inventors: Marius A. Paul, Ana Paul
  • Patent number: 4856472
    Abstract: A cylinder head has a ceramic precombustion chamber for an internal combustion engine. The cylinder head includes a part of the cylinder head made of a ceramic body having an injection aperture communicating with a main combustion chamber for jetting burning gases therethrough, a metal sleeve fitted on an outer circumference of the ceramic body and fitted in a precombustion chamber insert bore forming part of the cylinder head, and a head gasket interposed between the cylinder block forming the main combustion chamber and the ceramic body, the metal sleeve and the cylinder head. A surface of the ceramic body facing to the head gasket extends onto a side of the main combustion chamber beyond a surface of the ceramic body opening the injection aperture into the main combustion chamber.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 26, 1988
    Date of Patent: August 15, 1989
    Assignee: NGK Insulators, Ltd.
    Inventors: Akinori Wakasa, Minoru Machida, Yasuhiro Miyakawa, Seiichi Asami
  • Patent number: 4844037
    Abstract: A precombustion chamber construction for an internal combustion engine comprises a precombustion chamber constructed by a ceramic body having a glow-plug receiving aperture to be inserted in a precombustion chamber receiving cavity of a metal cylinder head. A metal sleeve may be fitted on the ceramic body. A seat is formed at an entrance of a glow-plug receiving aperture on an outer circumferential surface of the metal sleeve, thereby preventing any leakage of burnt gases to ensure the complete thermal insulating effect. The metal sleeve is not necessarily needed. In this case, the seat is formed at an entrance of the glow-plug receiving aperture on an outer circumferential surface of the ceramic body.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 19, 1988
    Date of Patent: July 4, 1989
    Assignee: NGK Insulators, Ltd.
    Inventors: Yasuhiro Miyakawa, Minoru Machida
  • Patent number: 4834042
    Abstract: A ceramic precombustion chamber for an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine consists of a metal ring and a ceramic body fitted in the metal ring by shrinkage fit. The ceramic body has a through-aperture for an injection nozzle and a combustion gas injection aperture. A shrinking allowance at a lower portion of the ceramic body with the metal ring is smaller than that an upper portion of the ceramic body with the metal ring, thereby decreasing surface pressures at the lower portion of the ceramic body to prevent cracks which would occur in the lower portion caused by surface pressures resulting from the shrinkage fit.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 31, 1988
    Date of Patent: May 30, 1989
    Assignee: NGK Insulators, Ltd.
    Inventors: Akinori Wakasa, Kazuyuki Mizoguchi, Minoru Machida
  • Patent number: 4742805
    Abstract: A number of embodiments of combustion chamber configurations for internal combustion engines as applied as power units for outboard motors. In each embodiment, the combustion chamber comprises a main open volume in which combustion is initiated and into which fuel is discharged by a fuel injection nozzle. An energy cell, of smaller volume, is disposed so as to receive some of the fuel discharged by the injection nozzle and for creating combustion at the end of the combustion cycle to cause a pressure increase that discharges a hot charge into the main combustion volume for completing combustion. The energy cell is formed from a ceramic material. Both two and four-cycle applications and variations of combustion chamber configurations are disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 13, 1987
    Date of Patent: May 10, 1988
    Assignee: Sanshin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Yukio Matsushita, Hiroshi Tomita
  • Patent number: 4738227
    Abstract: The thermal ignition combustion system comprises means for providing walls defining an ignition chamber, the walls being made of a material having a thermal conductivity greater than 20 W/m.degree. C. and a specific heat greater than 480 J/kg.degree. C. with the ignition chamber being in constant communication with the main combustion chamber, means for maintaining the temperature of the walls above a threshold temperature capable of causing ignition of a fuel, and means for conducting fuel to the ignition chamber.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 16, 1986
    Date of Patent: April 19, 1988
    Assignee: Adiabatics, Inc.
    Inventors: Roy Kamo, Ramesh M. Kakwani, Edgars Valdmanis, Melvins E. Woods
  • Patent number: 4714062
    Abstract: This invention relates to a sub-combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, which includes a ceramic hot plug in a hot plug installation hole in a cylinder head, wherein a small clearance is provided between the hot plug and the installation hole to ensure better heat insulation and thus to greatly improve starting performance, combustion efficiency and reliability of the engine. This invention also relates to a sub-combustion chamber, wherein the hot plug can be easily inserted and secured in the hot plug installation hole.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 21, 1986
    Date of Patent: December 22, 1987
    Assignee: Kyocera Corporation
    Inventor: Shigetoshi Toeda
  • Patent number: 4699102
    Abstract: A structure for mounting a sub-combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine includes a ceramic sub-combustion chamber and a metal casing separated therefrom by an adiabatic air gap. The air gap is locate opposite to a portion of the external surface of the casing that is in contact with a cylinder head so that the negative effects of differences in the thermal characteristics of the sub-combustion chamber, the casing, and the cylinder head are eliminated.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 28, 1986
    Date of Patent: October 13, 1987
    Assignee: NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Masato Taniguchi
  • Patent number: 4681074
    Abstract: A structure defining a divided combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, including an upper ceramic member and a lower ceramic member having a passage which abut on each other at an interface to form therein the divided combustion chamber such that the chamber communicates with a main combustion chamber through a passage formed in the lower ceramic member. The upper and lower ceramics members have cutouts formed respectively in their outer surfaces so as to cooperate to constitute at least one external recess which extends across the interface. An expansion member is fitted in each external recess, and has a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than the upper and lower ceramic members, whereby the expansion member keeps the upper and lower ceramic members spaced apart from each other by a predetermined amount at their interface while the engine is operated.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 20, 1986
    Date of Patent: July 21, 1987
    Assignee: NGK Insulators, Ltd.
    Inventors: Yutaka Ogawa, Takayuki Ogasawara, Shigeru Hanzawa
  • Patent number: 4676207
    Abstract: An auxiliary combustion chamber for an internal combustion engine having a semi-spherical insulating ceramic liner and a heat resistant ceramic nozzle portion. The chamber has an outer metal member that is cast around the ceramic liner to impart significant compressive stress thereto. The metal member extends past the ceramic liner to form a cylindrical portion. The ceramic nozzle portion is affixed in this cylindrical portion by a shrinkage-fit.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 5, 1985
    Date of Patent: June 30, 1987
    Assignee: NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Mitsuyoshi Kawamura, Masato Taniguchi
  • Patent number: 4672933
    Abstract: A precombustion chamber provided with an arrangement for thermally insulating a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine from a combustion gas in the precombustion chamber comprising: (a) a hollow ceramic body which provides a precombustion chamber and is disposed within the hollow space for the precombustion chamber; (b) a hollow fitting member disposed surrounding the hollow ceramic body within the hollow space for mitigating and absorbing the stress produced between the cylinder head and the hollow ceramic body; and (c) seal means for sealing a space between the hollow ceramic body and the fitting member to provide a closed space therebetween, wherein said hollow fitting member is tightly secured to the hollow ceramic body through the seal means.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 25, 1985
    Date of Patent: June 16, 1987
    Assignee: 501 NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd.
    Inventors: Masato Taniguchi, Hisaharu Nishio, Mitsuyoshi Kawamura, Toshio Okumura
  • Patent number: 4662331
    Abstract: A precombustion chamber construction of an internal combustion engine includes an upper ceramic body and a lower ceramic body abutting thereagainst to form a precombustion chamber communicating through an injection hole with a main combustion chamber. According to the invention at least a portion of abutting surfaces of the upper and lower ceramic bodies is inclined relative to a plane perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the precombustion chamber, thereby preventing any relative rotative movement of the upper and lower ceramic bodies even if they are subjected to rotating forces caused by vibrations of the engine or explosion of fuel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 10, 1985
    Date of Patent: May 5, 1987
    Assignee: NGK Insulators, Ltd.
    Inventors: Yutaka Ogawa, Takayuki Ogasawara, Shigeru Hanzawa
  • Patent number: 4662326
    Abstract: In a plunger piston of aluminum for internal combustion engines the margin of the combustion chamber trough arranged in the piston crown is fiber-reinforced. The proportion of fibers in the basic material to be reinforced varies over the circumference of the combustion chamber trough margin. The marginal zone in the vicinity of the bolt axis (B) here possesses a higher fiber proportion than the trough margin zone adjoining the connecting rod oscillation plane (A). In this way a good temperature change stability of the marginal material is achieved in the zone adjoining the connecting rod oscillation plane (A) and a good fatigue strength is achieved in the zone adjoining the bolt axis (B).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 31, 1985
    Date of Patent: May 5, 1987
    Assignee: Mahle GmbH
    Inventor: Hans-Jurgen Kohnert
  • Patent number: 4651692
    Abstract: Herein disclosed is a structure of a divided combustion chamber or a pre-combustion chamber of a Diesel engine of the type, in which the divided combustion chamber is composed of an upper ceramic member having a substantially hemispherical head and a lower ceramic member having an injection port. Either one or both of the upper and lower ceramic members is/are formed with longitudinally and/or transversely extending cut or cuts, slit or slits, and/or groove or grooves at least a portion of the outer surface or surfaces of one or two of those ceramic members. Thus, the resistance of the ceramic members to any rupture is improved so that the divided combustion chamber made of ceramic has highly improved durability.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 31, 1985
    Date of Patent: March 24, 1987
    Assignee: NGK Insulators, Ltd.
    Inventors: Tetuya Morita, Akinori Wakasa, Yutaka Ogawa, Takayuki Ogasawara
  • Patent number: 4616611
    Abstract: A precombustion chamber construction of an internal combustion engine includes an upper ceramic body, a lower ceramic body abutting against the upper ceramic body to form a precombustion chamber communicating through an injection hole with a main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and a metal ring member fitted on outer circumferences of the upper and lower ceramic bodies. According to the invention, the precombustion chamber construction comprises a first key member provided in the upper ceramic body and the metal ring member in the proximity of its upper end, and a second key member provided in the lower ceramic body and the metal ring member in the proximity of its lower end. In this manner, the upper and lower ceramic bodies are prevented from being rotatively moved even if they are subjected to rotating forces caused by vibrations of the engine or explosions of a fuel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 11, 1985
    Date of Patent: October 14, 1986
    Assignees: NGK Insulators, Ltd., Mazda Motor Corporation
    Inventors: Yutaka Ogawa, Takayuki Ogasawara, Shigeru Hanzawa