Abstract: A swirl chamber used in association with a combustion chamber for diesel engines, includes a pair of sub-nozzle holes on the opposite sides of a main nozzle hole to supply a secondary air into the swirl chamber, the sub-nozzle holes being positioned such that the secondary air ejected therethrough is fully utilized for the combustion in the swirl chamber, thereby securing the complete combustion and the reduction of environmental contaminants such as NOx and fumes.

Abstract: A rotary engine utilizing an expansion chamber and crescent piston to capture the energy of expanding combustion gases throughout substantially all of each revolution of the piston. The rotary engine uses a crescent piston, the movement of which is guided by the combined action of a hub having a saddle supporting the piston and a can track. The invention burns fuel in a separate combustion chamber charged from a coaxially mounted compressor and controlled by a pass gate sentry valve. The rotary engine of the invention is cooled by an internal coolant injection system. The coolant solution may contain an alkaline reagent to react with and neutralize acidic components of the combustion gases which would otherwise remain in the exhaust and contribute to air pollution. The rotary engine of the present invention is adaptable to compression ignition fuels and spark ignition fuels. The invention may be constructed of conventional metallic materials as well as composites and ceramics.

Abstract: A rotary engine utilizes an expansion chamber and an oscillating rotary piston to capture the energy of expanding combustion gases through out substantially all of each revolution of the piston. The movement of the oscillating rotary piston is guided by the combined action of a hub having a saddle supporting the rotary piston and a cam track. The invention bums fuel in a separate combustion chamber charged from a coaxially mounted compressor and controlled by a pass gate sentry valve. The rotary engine of the invention is cooled by an internal coolant injection system. The injection fluid coolant solution may contain a alkaline reagent to react with and neutralize acidic components of the combustion gases which would otherwise remain in the exhaust and contribute to air pollution. The rotary engine of the present invention is adaptable to compression ignition fuels and spark ignition fuels. The invention may be constructed of conventional metallic materials as well as composites and ceramics.

Abstract: An energy transformation method and a system for carrying out this method which are capable of improving the energy transformation efficiency upon transforming the thermal energy to kinetic rotating energy, and improving the thermal efficiency, while at the same time reducing environmental pollution by purifying the exhaust gas and/or enhancing unit power, whatever the number of cycles or the type of ignition. The present energy transformation method and the system for carrying out this method can change the non-constant volume combustion of the prior art, which is caused by the rapid increase in the combustion chamber volume due to the downward movement of the piston immediately after the piston passes through TDC, to a substantially constant volume combustion which is attained by isolating substantially the combustion chamber through TDC, whereby the combustion pressure can keep on increasing until the completion of such substantially constant volume combustion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has first and second cylinders (12, 14), the first cylinder (12) having a larger swept volume than the second cylinder (14) and the second cylinder being formed in the crown of the first cylinder. First and second pistons (16, 18) are reciprocable respectively in the first and second cylinders (12, 14), the second piston (18) being formed as a protrusion on the crown of the first piston (16). A combustion chamber (20) is formed in the second piston (18) with an air port (44) opening into the first cylinder (12) and a second port (40) opening into the second cylinder (14). A first inlet is provided (25) for supplying air or the like into the first cylinder (12) during an induction stroke of the first piston (16) together with a fuel inlet (36) for supplying fuel to said second cylinder (14).

Abstract: Internal combustion stratified-charge engine having within a cylinder thereof a variable volume space wherein a piston pursuant to an air intake stroke draws a stream of intake air through an entrance end of the combustion chamber and through such chamber into said variable volume space. The inner periphery of a sidewall of such chamber having a series of grooves which may score the head of a poppet type exhaust valve in such periphery and which contribute to stratification of a leading fuel-free mass of such stream and a fuel-containing trailing mass thereof into the variable volume space. A portion of such trailing fuel-containing mass remaining in the chamber and an adjacent portion thereof in the variable volume space adjacent to said chamber, and, pursuant to the ensuing compression stroke of the piston, the masses are caused to flow into the chamber in the reverse order of their formation with the fuel-containing mass compressed adjacent the entrance end of the chamber where combustion is initiated.

Abstract: A heat-insulated four-cycle engine includes a heat-insulated main combustion chamber, a prechamber having an ejection port communicating with the main combustion chamber and associated with an exhaust valve, a projection mounted on the piston head surface of a piston and movable into the ejection port in the vicinity of the top dead center, a recess defined in the piston head surface around the projection, and intake ports defined in the cylindrical wall of a cylinder which defines the main combustion chamber. Combustion gases produced as a result of combustion of fuel in the prechamber are held in the prechamber by the projection in a high-temperature condition for a certain period of time. Thereafter, as the piston is lowered from the top dead center, the combustion gases are discharged from the prechamber into the main combustion chamber, thus lowering the pressure in the prechamber.

Abstract: Improved combustion chamber configurations for two-cycle engines with high pressure fuel injected systems having reciprocal pistons, cylinders with multiple injectors for each cylinder and a cylinder head liner with a chamber having a discoidal configuration that cooperates with a piston head structure to generate a toroidal, swirling, compressed air flow during compression strokes of the reciprocating piston.

Abstract: A combustion device for an internal combustion engine which includes a cylinder, a head closing one end of the cylinder, and a piston reciprocable in the cylinder. The head and piston have stepped portions adapted to interfit as the piston approaches the head so as to define a compression chamber and a combustion chamber of greater volume than the compression chamber, for receiving a fuel charge, and a restricted passage between the combustion chamber and the compression chamber. The head and piston are shaped and the device is otherwise provided with structure so that as the piston approaches dead center, a portion of the charge compressed in the compression chamber combusts spreading combustion gases and flame through the restricted passage so as to immediately thereafter cause swirling of, and ignite the portion of the charge in, the gases in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Internal combustion reciprocating-piston engine precombustion chamber in which a mass of air or air mixed with selective amounts of fuel and a spark-ignitable air-fuel mass are segregatively compressed with the latter mass enveloping spark electrodes preparatory to ignition. The chamber is provided by recessing the air intake valve of an engine cylinder into the cylinder head so that this chamber forms a section of the main air intake passage for the cylinder. Air deflecting means is provided in a vestibule of the chamber in a manner to create a vortex of air forced from the cylinder through the vestibule internally of the chamber pursuant to the compression stroke of the cylinder's piston, and, without incurring significant resistance to the flow of air delivered through the air intake passage into the cylinder pursuant to the preceding air intake stroke of the piston.

Abstract: In accordance with the teachings of the present invention an internal combustion engine comprising at least a combustion chamber, a piston, a turbulence chamber provided inside the overhead cylinder above the piston, and an ignition device leading to the turbulence chamber is provided. The invention is characterized in that at least one channel provided at the base of the overhead cylinder, opens tangentially along the walls of the turbulence chamber. The channel has, at its origin, a width substantially equal to the diameter of the seat of the intake valve and narrows as it goes deeper in the direction of the turbulence chamber. This engine embodies an improvement of the Otto type engines.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, which has a combustion chamber with a coordinated piston where the combustion chamber is divided into a first and second section, and where the piston has an extension which slides into the second chamber section during the later part of the piston's upward movement, and compresses the fuel-air mixture contained in that chamber section to a pressure somewhat higher than the pressure in the first section. The second chamber wall and the piston extension has two air passages, which are coordinated in such a way that during the last part of the compression cycle, the air passages overlap and provide an escape passage for the fuel-air mixture in the second section which is released suddenly into the first combustion chamber section and sets the fuel-air mixture in that section in a swirling motion, which helps to better mix the fuel and the air, and facilitates the ignition process of a lean mixture when used with a suitably adapted, extended electric spark ignition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-cycle, internal combustion engine including an engine block, and a cylinder in the engine block having a head and generally opposed inlet and outlet walls respectively including at least one intake port through which a fresh charge is admitted into the cylinder and at least one outlet port through which exhaust gases are exhausted from the cylinder. A piston is mounted for reciprocative movement inside the cylinder between a first position spaced from the cylinder head wherein the intake port is uncovered, a top dead center position, and a third position wherein the piston approaches the top dead center position. The piston has a top, an inlet face portion which periodically covers and uncovers the intake port and an outlet face portion which periodically covers and uncovers the outlet port. The piston and cylinder have a configuration causing increased swirling of the fresh charge in the cylinder as the piston moves from the third position to the top dead center position.

Abstract: Stratified charge four-stroke-cycle internal combustion engine with fuel injection and spark-ignition of the type wherein stratification and initial combustion occurs in a combustion chamber auxiliary to the variable volume space in the engine cylinder between the piston and the cylinder head. Unique aspirating passage means communicating between the auxiliary chamber and the variable volume space conducts and causes air entering the chamber at one end, pursuant to the piston's compression stroke, to form a substantially non-turbulent air column rotating about the chamber axis and acretively compressed, by continued entry of air, toward and against the opposite end of the chamber. Fuel is injected into air initially in the chamber and that initially entering through the aspirating passage to mix with such air to form a spark-ignitable air-fuel mixture compressed against said other chamber end.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having controlled ignition, apparatus for controlling injection of the fuel so as to greatly increase the advance with the load on the engine, and a precombustion chamber into which emerge both the fuel injector and the controlled ignition device, adjacent elementary chambers formed at least in the cylinder head, the lower face of the cylinder head extending between the elementary chambers and the upper face of the piston forming an impelling surface surrounding the prechamber, the inlets into the main combustion chamber and prechamber opening into the impelling surface without throttle between the prechamber and the main chamber during the complete cycle of the piston.

Abstract: A swirl chamber used in association with a combustion chamber for diesel engines, includes a pair of sub-nozzle holes on the opposite sides of a main nozzle hole to supply a secondary air into the swirl chamber, the sub-nozzle holes being positioned such that the secondary air ejected therethrough is fully utilized for the combustion in the swirl chamber, thereby securing the complete combustion and the reduction of environmental contaminants such as NOx and fumes.