Abstract: An internal combustion engine with controlled ignition comprises a cylinder, a relative piston, and a head between which a combustion chamber is operationally defined. The cylinder and the piston define a first prismatic coupling. The engine also comprises a pre-chamber made directly inside the combustion chamber, and a male element stably connected to an upper surface of the piston to penetrate the pre-chamber at least in one portion of the relative motion of the piston in the cylinder. A spark plug is arranged to look out into the pre-chamber.

Abstract: A pre-chamber body for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The pre-chamber body may have a pre-chamber. The pre-chamber body may also have a flow transfer passage, which may fluidly connect the pre-chamber and an exterior of the pre-chamber body. In addition, the pre-chamber body may have at least one backflow channel, which may fluidly connect the pre-chamber and the flow transfer passage.

Abstract: A laser spark plug, e.g., for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle or a heavy-duty gas engine, has an antechamber for receiving an ignitable medium and a combustion chamber window which separates the antechamber from a part of the laser spark plug facing away from the combustion chamber. At least one flow-guiding element is provided in the antechamber and is situated in such a way that it deflects a fluid flow, which occurs in the antechamber and moves toward the combustion chamber window, into a radially inner direction.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided that basically comprises a cylinder block, a cylinder head, a piston, an auxiliary chamber partition wall and a spark plug. The auxiliary chamber partition wall is coupled to the cylinder head and extending toward the main chamber to form an auxiliary combustion chamber inside an area enclosed by the auxiliary chamber partition wall. The auxiliary chamber partition wall has at least one jet aperture through which the auxiliary combustion chamber fluidly communicates with the main combustion chamber. A tip portion of the auxiliary chamber partition wall that faces toward the piston has a smaller wall thickness than other portion of the auxiliary chamber partition wall.

Abstract: A flame ejector device for mounting in the spark plug aperture of an internal combustion engine whereby an inner end of the device is within the combustion chamber, the device being configured to receive a fuel-air mixture charge on the compression stroke of the piston and wherein the charge is ignited by a conventional spark plug mounted on the device, a unique arrangement and orientation of flame ejector nozzles on the inner end of the device for ejecting flame fronts toward predetermined areas within the combustion chamber to maximize fuel burning, to avoid engine knocking, and to prevent direct impingement of flame on metal portions contiguous the chamber which are susceptible to burning or heat damage.

Abstract: A swirl chamber used in association with a combustion chamber for diesel engines, includes a pair of sub-nozzle holes on the opposite sides of a main nozzle hole to supply a secondary air into the swirl chamber, the sub-nozzle holes being positioned such that the secondary air ejected therethrough is fully utilized for the combustion in the swirl chamber, thereby securing the complete combustion and the reduction of environmental contaminants such as NOx and fumes.

Abstract: A combustion system for a divided chamber engine that incorporates a pre-combustion chamber disposed to one side of the cylinder and that communicates with the main combustion chamber through two diverging transfer passages the open ends of which are aimed to direct the discharge from the pre-combustion chamber towards the sides of the combustion chamber and not at the center of the piston or the exhaust valve wherein the localized temperature at the piston's center is reduced and the exhaust valve temperature is not elevated.

Abstract: An energy transformation method and a system for carrying out this method which are capable of improving the energy transformation efficiency upon transforming the thermal energy to kinetic rotating energy, and improving the thermal efficiency, while at the same time reducing environmental pollution by purifying the exhaust gas and/or enhancing unit power, whatever the number of cycles or the type of ignition. The present energy transformation method and the system for carrying out this method can change the non-constant volume combustion of the prior art, which is caused by the rapid increase in the combustion chamber volume due to the downward movement of the piston immediately after the piston passes through TDC, to a substantially constant volume combustion which is attained by isolating substantially the combustion chamber through TDC, whereby the combustion pressure can keep on increasing until the completion of such substantially constant volume combustion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a moving piston within a combustion chamber that is temporarily divided into two zones when the piston is at and near its minumum volume position. Fuel is confined to a first zone where the fuel is ignited to generate combustion wave energy that drives gas within the second zone in Helmholtz resonance through a restricted passageway. Air from the second zone is periodically expanded into the first zone through the passageway to improve the combustion process in the first zone before the piston moves substantially away from its minimum volume position.

Abstract: A torch ignition type internal combustion engine has an auxiliary combustion chamber connected by a torch passage to a compact main combustion chamber. A cavity in the cylinder head forming a part of the main combustion chamber is provided with two intake valves on one side of the cavity and one exhaust valve on the other side. A large squish area is formed between the upper surface of the piston and the lower surface of the cylinder head and one or more suction conduits connect this squish area to the torch passage between its ends. Two torch passages may be provided; one may extend into the cavity near the exhaust valve and the other into the cavity near the remote intake valve. A plug chamber receives the spark plug electrodes and this chamber is in communication with both the auxiliary combustion chamber and the torch passage. In one form of the invention one torch passage extends from the lower end of the auxiliary combustion chamber and the other torch passage extends from the plug chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion piston engine of the torch ignition type employs an auxiliary combustion chamber connected by a torch passage to a compact main combustion chamber. A spark plug has electrodes located adjacent the upstream end of the torch passage and remote from the intake valve for the auxiliary combustion chamber. At least one suction conduit intersects the torch passage between its ends and extends from a peripheral zone of the main combustion chamber. This zone may comprise a squish zone which increases flow of air-fuel mixture into the torch passage to follow the torch flame into the main combustion chamber. A cavity in the engine head may receive the torch flame from one or more torch passages.

Abstract: A fluidic diode combustion chamber for the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. The chamber comprises a passageway having an entrance and an exit in fluid communication with the cylinder immediately above its piston. The passageway is shaped and designed such that during the compression stroke, the flow of working fluid from the cylinder to its passageway is predominantly into the entrance of the passageway. During the expansion stroke, the flow of working fluid from the passageway back to the cylinder is predominantly from the exit of the passageway. Means is provided for injecting fuel into the passageway for forming a fuel air mixture for ignition.

Abstract: Stratified charge four-stroke-cycle internal combustion engine with fuel injection and spark-ignition of the type wherein stratification and initial combustion occurs in a combustion chamber auxiliary to the variable volume space in the engine cylinder between the piston and the cylinder head. Unique aspirating passage means communicating between the auxiliary chamber and the variable volume space conducts and causes air entering the chamber at one end, pursuant to the piston's compression stroke, to form a substantially non-turbulent air column rotating about the chamber axis and acretively compressed, by continued entry of air, toward and against the opposite end of the chamber. Fuel is injected into air initially in the chamber and that initially entering through the aspirating passage to mix with such air to form a spark-ignitable air-fuel mixture compressed against said other chamber end.

Abstract: A low compression ratio internal combustion engine including a piston and cylinder arrangement the working volume of which is bounded in part by the piston crown and the cylinder head and in part by inlet valve means whereby an inlet charge can enter the working volume and exhaust valve means whereby products of combustion occuring within the working volume can leave the working volume. A regenerative heat exchanger is located within said working volume, the heat exchanger having a hot face and a cold face between which gases are caused to flow.

Abstract: A two cycle, spark ignition internal combustion engine of the class having a combustion chamber divided into a relatively small ignition region and a larger combustion region including the cylinder and piston is defined. Substantially stoichiometric fuel-air mixtures are independently supplied to the ignition region in substantially fixed quantity and to the larger region in variable quantity and compressed simultaneously so that the mixtures remain completely separated prior to ignition. The mixtures are stratified with respect to excess air supplied to both regions and to exhaust gases in the engine cylinder, and combustion initiated in the ignition region ignites the variable-sized mixture in the larger region. Burning proceeds from stoichiometric mixtures to lean mixtures as the stratified excess air is mixed into the burning gases. When no fuel is supplied to the large region, the small region functions independently and burns its fuel efficiently.

Abstract: A swirl chamber used in association with a combustion chamber for diesel engines, includes a pair of sub-nozzle holes on the opposite sides of a main nozzle hole to supply a secondary air into the swirl chamber, the sub-nozzle holes being positioned such that the secondary air ejected therethrough is fully utilized for the combustion in the swirl chamber, thereby securing the complete combustion and the reduction of environmental contaminants such as NOx and fumes.