Abstract: A reciprocating internal-combustion engine having at least two gas intake ports (3) with gas intake valves (6), at least one gas exhaust port (4) with a gas exhaust valve (7) and at least one ignition device (14) per cylinder (1) is provided. The engine can also include a combustion chamber (1.1) formed by a cylinder cover (2.1) and a crown (11.1) of a piston (11). A trough-shaped recess (12) can be provided in the piston crown (11.1) and is bounded by a trough base (12.1) and side walls (16). The recess (12) can intersect a roof ridge (11.2) on the piston crown (11.1) and the trough base (12.1) slopes towards a fuel injection nozzle (8) and ends in a wall zone (12.2) extending steeply upwards on its side facing the fuel injection nozzle (8).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with direct gasoline injection and controlled ignition, having at least one cylinder, a cylinder head, sealing the cylinder, a piston, arranged to run in the cylinder, a combustion chamber, defined by the piston and the cylinder head, a gasoline injector into the combustion chamber, an ignition device, for producing an ignition of the air/gasoline mixture in the combustion chamber, inlet and exhaust valves, selectively sealing the combustion chamber and a system for recirculation of at least a part of the exhaust gas into the combustion chamber during the air intake phase, wherein the pressure provided for the injection device is greater than 250 bars, such as to homogenize the air/gasoline/recycled exhaust gas mixture and increase the speed of combustion.

Abstract: When a homogeneous combustion is to be executed at a lean air-fuel ratio, a tumbling flow that whirls in the cylinder descending in the cylinder bore on the exhaust valve side and ascending in the cylinder bore on the intake valve side, is intensified by the fuel that is injected from the fuel injection valve toward the exhaust valve side in the cylinder bore in the last stage of the intake stroke.

Abstract: A fuel injector is disclosed that includes a valve body with a plurality of nozzle holes for injecting fuel in a hollow spray from the fuel injector. The plurality of nozzle holes each include an outlet. The valve body also includes at least one air-introducing aperture with an air outlet port positioned between the outlets of the plurality of nozzle holes. The air-introducing aperture is operable for introducing air into a hollow area of the hollow spray.

Abstract: A direct injection spark ignition engine comprises a cylinder, a piston, a fuel injector arranged at one side of a center axis of the cylinder for directly injecting fuel into the combustion chamber, and a smoothly continuous lowered recess formed on a top surface of the piston surface. The recess has a first cross section along a first plane including the cylinder center axis and a nozzle end of the injector. The first and second lower contours are smoothly connected with each other through a lowest point of the first cross section. The first lower contour is located at the one side of the cylinder center axis. The second lower contour is at the other side. The first contour has a larger radius than a radius of the second contour. Accordingly, the fuel spray having greater movement energy may impinge the recess at a regulated impinging angle.

Abstract: The present invention provides an injector-ignition fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, comprising an ECU controlling a heated catalyzed fuel injector for heating and catalyzing a next fuel charge, wherein the ECU uses a one firing cycle look-ahead algorithm for controlling fuel injection. The ECU may further incorporate a look-up table, auto-tuning functions and heuristics to compensate for the rapid rotational de-acceleration that occurs near top dead center in lightweight small ultra-high compression engines as may be used with this invention. The ECU may further ramp heat input to the injector in response to engine acceleration requests and, under such circumstances, may extend its look-ahead for up to four firing cycles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel injection device comprising an intake pipe having interior wall surfaces for providing air from an upstream side to a downstream side and a fuel injection port disposed in the intake pipe between the surfaces for providing fuel into the intake pipe and an air guide member disposed in the intake pipe in a plane substantially parallel to the surfaces for guiding air separately towards an air flow layer passage and a main air passage wherein the air guided towards the air flow layer passage has a speed at least greater than the air guided towards the main air passage.

Abstract: For the purpose of improving the fuel efficiency by lean combustion and enhancing the fuel efficiency improvement effects by performing compression ignition efficiently in some cylinders, a multi-cylinder spark ignition engine is constructed such that exhaust gas, that is exhausted from preceding cylinders 2A, 2D on the exhaust stroke side among pairs of cylinders whose exhaust stroke and intake stroke overlap in a low load, low rotational speed region, is directly introduced through an inter-cylinder gas passage 22 into following cylinders 2B, 2C on the intake stroke side and only gas exhausted from the following cylinders 2B, 2C is fed to an exhaust passage 20, which is provided with a three-way catalyst 24.

Abstract: An obstruction is employed in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The obstruction is located within the chamber to generate turbulence and break-up or disrupt the soot rich zone within a directly injected quantity of fuel that is burning. More specifically, a ring disrupts fuel jets directly injected into the combustion chamber that impact on or are influence by the ring. The ring can be suspended from the piston or from the fire deck. Post-type obstructions help generate turbulence and are also targeted at disrupting the soot rich zone of the burning fuel jets. A method involves disrupting the soot rich zone or reducing soot generated within the combustion chamber and increasing burn rate by impacting the fuel jets on an obstruction within the chamber.

Abstract: An engine is provided which includes various precise configuration parameters, including dimensions, shape and/or relative positioning of the combustion chamber features, resulting in a combustion process minimizing NOx emissions and particulates. The combustion chamber includes one or more of the following: a spray angle relative to an inner bowl floor angle; a vertical distance from the tip of the piston bowl to the injection orifices; a number of injection orifices; a swirl ratio; a vertical distance from the injection orifices to an inner face of the cylinder head; a radius of curvature of an outer bowl section; chamfer with dimensional parameters; and a transition radius.

Abstract: An improved ignition-engine system for internal combustion engines comprising a compact combustion chamber in the cylinder head and two main squish zones (101a, 101b) for producing high flow and turbulence, and at least one minor squish zone (105) at the end of the intake valve (104), the system using independently operated spark plugs (102a, 102b), placed asymmetrically at or near the edge of the high flow squish zones to handle both ultra-lean light load conditions and high load conditions without misfire or knocking, the engine leanness and high load operation and further improved by using variable compression ratio and/or direct fuel injection, including air-blast fuel injectors (181) and more centrally located air-blast-ignition fuel injector (193) more ideally suited for four valve engines and mild hybrid engines.

Abstract: There is provided a cylinder injection type internal combustion engine capable of performing stratified charge operation at the time of a vehicle speed of 120 km/h and/or an engine rotational speed of 3200 rpm to enhance the fuel efficiency and/or to observe the emission regulations. In the internal combustion engine, a stratum of air and/or air flow is formed between a fuel spray injected from an injection valve and the top face of a piston and/or the wall surface of a combustion chamber, and a face shape contrived to guide the air flow is formed on the top face of the piston. Also, the stratified charge operation can be performed even at the time of cold start or cranking.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection internal combustion engine includes a fuel injector arranged above a center portion of the piston and positioned higher than a combustion chamber upper surface of a cylinder head. The cylinder head includes a recess portion in which a tip of the fuel injector is disposed in a cross sectional view of the cylinder head in a plane perpendicular to a fuel injection center axis. The recess portion is provided with a channel extending longitudinally away from the tip of the fuel injector configured and arranged to reduce negative pressure within the recess portion. The channel is oriented in such a direction as to avoid the interference between the channel and other parts of the cylinder head. When the fuel injector is a multi-hole fuel injector, the channel can be oriented toward a direction along a centerline between two adjacent injection vents of the fuel injector.

Abstract: A method is provided for close control and adjustment of in-cylinder oxygen concentration levels together with boost adjustments to minimize harmful emissions during transients in engines which utilize late direct cylinder injection of fuel. EGR flow rates are adjusted in a closed loop, linked fashion together with boost pressure changes during transients, to maintain intake charge-air oxygen concentration and boost levels within critical ranges for controlled temperature, low emission combustion. Changes in fuel feed into the cylinder are made to wait for or follow changes in the boost level of charge-air into the cylinder for combustion. Temporary fuel levels are not allowed to exceed desired fuel/oxygen ratios during transients, by controlling fuel feed responsive to the level of boost of charge-air being taken into the cylinder for combustion.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection engine is provided that an appropriate stratified fuel-air mixture is formed to conduct good stratified combustion over a wide range of loads. The engine has a fuel injection valve that is arranged at an upper surface of the combustion chamber on or near the center reciprocation axis of the piston and oriented such that the injection center axis of the fuel stream injected therefrom is slanted with respect to the center reciprocation axis of the piston. The piston is disposed in the combustion chamber to move along a cylinder center axis. The piston has a top surface having a first outer cavity having a first cavity center axis, and a second inner cavity located in the outer cavity. The second inner cavity has a second cavity center axis offset from the cylinder center axis of the piston in a direction perpendicular to the cylinder center axis.

Abstract: A direct injection internal combustion engine, especially an Otto engine, is provided with layered lean operation and internal exhaust-gas recirculation. An exhaust-gas aftertreatment for reducing Nox using an Nox storage catalyst is also provided. This combination is to achieve the highest possible exhaust-gas recirculation rates with the lowest HC and Nox emission values. A tumble flow is provided for the incoming fresh gases, which may contain recirculated exhaust gas from external exhaust-gas recirculation. The swirl axis of the incoming fresh gases therefore extends substantially crosswise to the piston movement. This results in an emissions-reducing, optimal mixture inside the cylinder during the layered lean operation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus generate turbulence and impact on soot rich zone within a burning fuel jet within a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A reservoir accumulates charge and projects the charge into a combustion chamber and into and around the burning fuel directly injected into the combustion chamber. A ring or the fire deck define one or more reservoirs with an orifice for accumulating, directing and ejecting the charge. The method and apparatus are particularly beneficial when employed with gaseous fuels.

Abstract: An engine is provided which includes various precise configuration parameters, including dimensions, shape and/or relative positioning of the combustion chamber features, resulting in a combustion process minimizing NOx emissions and particulates. The combustion chamber includes a spray angle relative to an inner bowl floor angle that maximizes the amount of fuel in contact with the inner bowl, in combination with one or more of the following: a vertical distance from the tip of the piston bowl to the injection orifices; a number of injection orifices; a swirl ratio; a vertical distance from the injection orifices to an inner face of the cylinder head; a distance from the piston top surface to the cylinder head; a radius of curvature of an outer bowl section; a radius of curvature at an edge of the piston bowl; a ratio of the piston bowl diameter to the cylinder diameter; and the cylinder diameter.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having direct injection and spark ignition, charging air is introduced in stratified charge operation through one of two valve-controlled intake channels into a cylinder having a roof-like cylinder head end and a piston having a piston head with a recess oriented toward the intake side. The charging air is introduced forms a swirl flow, into which fuel is introduced. To avoid fuel accumulation on the recess wall, a strong swirl flow with a compact swirl core is achieved through a flow-optimized filling channel, with the swirl core being held in a fixed position in a rotor recess at the latest in the second section of the stroke of the piston toward top dead center such that fuel introduced into the swirl core with a relatively late end of the injection is supplied to an ignition device due to the piston movement toward top dead center.

Abstract: In a direct injection diesel engine, front and rear intake openings of each cylinder are arranged along the row direction of the cylinders on one side thereof. A front intake port communicating with the front intake opening is formed to extend from the front intake opening in a direction generally perpendicular to the row direction of the cylinders. A rear intake port communicating with the rear intake opening is formed to be directed to a flow direction of a swirl generated in the corresponding combustion chamber.

Abstract: With a cylinder direct injection engine in which fuel is injected directly into combustion chambers and air-fuel mixture is guided by an air flow, it is difficult to secure combustion stability under low engine speed and low load conditions such as during idling. Furthermore, there are needs for improvement of emission characteristics and fuel economy in other operation modes as well. An engine according to the invention injects fuel while dividing the same in plural parts during a compression stroke. The first injection forms a lean air-fuel mixture around an ignition plug, and the second injection makes a flammable air-fuel mixture reach an area around the ignition plug. This ensures efficient stratified combustion and allows improvement in emission and fuel economy performance.

Abstract: Intake air/exhaust gas flow control is performed in an partial load range of an engine such that burned gas which is discharged from an exhaust stroke side preceding cylinder of a pair of cylinders having an overlapping exhaust stroke and intake stroke is introduced into an intake stroke side following cylinder through an intercylinder gas channel. In an operating range set as a special operation mode, a combustion condition controller executes control such that combustion is performed in the following cylinder by means of compression ignition. In an operating condition in which knocking is likely to occur within the compression ignition range of the following cylinder, control is executed by a fuel injection controller such that the timing of fuel injection into the following cylinder is retarded relative to that of an operating condition in which knocking is unlikely to occur.

Abstract: The Inventor invented a combustion control device which optimizes combustion regardless of the cetane number of a fuel of an internal combustion engine (1) by focusing on the correlation between the cetane number and specific gravity of the fuel, and correcting combustion control based on the specific gravity of the fuel. The combustion control device comprises a sensor (7, 32, 36, 37) which detects the specific gravity of the fuel, a device which adjusts a combustion-related element of the internal combustion engine (1) such as fuel injection, compression end in-cylinder temperature and an intake air swirl (15, 19, 27, 51), and a controller (21) programmed to correct a target value of the element based on the specific gravity of the fuel (S414, S424, S430), and control the adjusting device so that the corrected target value is realized (S415, S425, S430).

Abstract: Process which, by spray-controlled, directly injected combustion with the aid of step-by-step technical development of the whole of the combustion system, achieves an intensified mixing process during injection and after-burning, which speeds up soot oxidation during various stages so effectively that the engine can be run with sufficiently high EGR content for desired NOx and soot content down to ultra-low emissions, at the same time as parameters which control the efficiency are decoupled from measures for desired emission level, thereby enabling optimum efficiency to be attained for the process.

Abstract: A method for operating a direct injection diesel engine which is operated in a first operating region corresponding to low to medium partial load in such a way that fuel combustion takes place at a local temperature below the temperature of NOx formation and with a local air ratio above the limit value for soot formation, and where fuel injection starts in a range of between 50° to 5° crank angle before top dead center of the compression phase and where exhaust gas is recirculated at an exhaust gas recirculation rate of 50% to 70%. In order to achieve high efficiency in each operating region while keeping NOx and particulate emissions low, in a second operating region corresponding to medium partial load, fuel injection is started in a range from approximately 2° crank angle before top dead center to approximately 20° crank angle after top dead center.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having direct injection and spark ignition, charging air is introduced in stratified charge operation through one of two valve-controlled intake channels into a cylinder having a roof-like cylinder head end and a piston having a piston head with a recess oriented toward the intake side. The charging air is introduced forms a swirl flow, into which fuel is introduced. To avoid fuel accumulation on the recess wall, a strong swirl flow with a compact swirl core is achieved through a flow-optimized filling channel, with the swirl core being held in a fixed position in a rotor recess at the latest in the second section of the stroke of the piston toward top dead center such that fuel introduced into the swirl core with a relatively late end of the injection is supplied to an ignition device due to the piston movement toward top dead center.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spark-ignition engine having direct fuel injection, the fuel injector (2) and the spark plug (3) being arranged centrally on the upper side of the combustion chamber (1). The fuel injector produces an asymmetrical injection volume, so that the electrodes of the spark plug (3) are not directly affected by liquid fuel. The electrodes are, however, situated in a region reached by evaporating fuel.

Abstract: A state of combustion in a combustion chamber is controlled by stratifying an intake gas charge within the combustion chamber, so as to reduce amounts of harmful substances left in exhaust gas. A direct-injection type internal combustion engine in which a fuel is injected into the combustion chamber and which is arranged to stratify the intake gas charge within the combustion chamber (1) such that intake gases of different compositions exist in a central portion (13) of the combustion chamber including a position of the fuel injection, and in a peripheral portion of the combustion chamber, upon initiation of combustion of the fuel at a point of time near a terminal period of a compression stroke. The intake gases of different compositions may be intake gases having different concentrations of a specific component such as recirculated exhaust gas and the fuel.

Abstract: An engine is provided which includes various precise configuration parameters, including dimensions, shape and/or relative positioning of the combustion chamber features, resulting in a combustion process minimizing NOx emissions and particulates. The combustion chamber includes a spray angle relative to an inner bowl floor angle that maximizes the amount of fuel in contact with the inner bowl, in combination with one or more of the following: a vertical distance from the tip of the piston bowl to the injection orifices; a number of injection orifices; a swirl ratio; a vertical distance from the injection orifices to an inner face of the cylinder head; a distance from the piston top surface to the cylinder head; a radius of curvature of an outer bowl section; a radius of curvature at an edge of the piston bowl; a ratio of the piston bowl diameter to the cylinder diameter; and the cylinder diameter.

Abstract: In a center injection type of direct injection engine, since it has an ignition plug and an injector arranged in proximity, there occurs the problem that a sprayed liquid fuel directly strikes the ignition plug and causes the plug to misfire. A notch is to be provided at a portion of the injector end so as to form a coarse-grained portion and a dense portion in sprays of fuel, and the injector is disposed so that the coarse-grained portion is directed towards the ignition plug. It is possible to avoid the misfiring of the ignition plug and thus prolong the life of the plug, by preventing a liquid fuel from directly striking the plug.

Abstract: In a direct injection diesel engine, front and rear intake openings of each cylinder are arranged along the row direction of the cylinders on one side thereof. A front intake port communicating with the front intake opening is formed to extend from the front intake opening in a direction generally perpendicular to the row direction of the cylinders. A rear intake port communicating with the rear intake opening is formed to be directed to a flow direction of a swirl generated in the corresponding combustion chamber.

Abstract: There is provided a cylinder injection type internal combustion engine capable of performing stratified charge operation at the time of a vehicle speed of 120 km/h and/or an engine rotational speed of 3200 rpm to enhance the fuel efficiency and/or to observe the emission regulations. In the internal combustion engine, a stratum of air and/or air flow is formed between a fuel spray injected from an injection valve and the top face of a piston and/or the wall surface of a combustion chamber, and a face shape contrived to guide the air flow is formed on the top face of the piston. Also, the stratified charge operation can be performed even at the time of cold start or cranking.

Abstract: An engine is provided which includes various precise configuration parameters, including dimensions, shape and/or relative positioning of the combustion chamber features, resulting in a combustion process minimizing NOx emissions and particulates. The combustion chamber includes a spray angle relative to an inner bowl floor angle that maximizes the amount of fuel in contact with the inner bowl, in combination with one or more of the following: a vertical distance from the tip of the piston bowl to the injection orifices; a number of injection orifices; a swirl ratio; a vertical distance from the injection orifices to an inner face of the cylinder head; a distance from the piston top surface to the cylinder head; a radius of curvature of an outer bowl section; a radius of curvature at an edge of the piston bowl; a ratio of the piston bowl diameter to the cylinder diameter; and the cylinder diameter.

Abstract: A fuel injector employed in a direct injection engine comprising a spark plug arranged on the top of a combustion chamber, a fuel injector located on said combustion chamber and an intake air control means installed on an intake manifold. A forward tumble air flow is formed in the combustion chamber by the intake air control means, and the fuel injector is available in two types; an annular (conical) spray type characterized by uniform density and a spray type characterized by high/low density. In the case of latter type, arrangement is made to ensure that the denser portion is placed face-to-face with the spark plug. Spray fuel rises along the wall surface of the combustion chamber on the intake side, and is carried to the spark plug by forward tumble air flow (called “tumble guide”) moving from the fuel injector to the spark plug.

Abstract: In a starting time in which an air motion is little, a means for heightening the motion is added, from the starting time a stratification combustion operation is enabled to carry out, and a discharge of an unburned fuel is minimized. From the starting time of an engine (from the first combustion cylinder) it is possible to carry out a stable stratification combustion. In accordance with the stratification combustion in the exhaust air, a large quantity of the surplus oxygen remains. In the engine in the exhaust stroke twice (two times) fuel injection is carried out and the after-burn phenomenon is caused in the exhaust port and then the exhaust gas temperature can be raised.

Abstract: A combustion chamber arrangement for a direct fuel injected internal combustion engine wherein the combustion chamber is formed in part by a recess in the piston head. Fuel is injected into the combustion chamber so as to be introduced on one side of the recess with a spark plug being positioned so that its gap lies diametrically opposite the fuel injector. An arrangement is provided for introducing a swirl to the flow of fuel and the combustion chamber recess is canted so that its lower surface is deeper where the fuel first enters then on the other side so as to improve flame propagation and complete combustion while maintaining a high compression ratio.

Abstract: A method of operating a fuel reformer to regenerate a NOx trap includes operating the fuel reformer to produce a reformate gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide and advancing reformate gas through the NOx trap so as to regenerate the NOx trap. The method further includes determining if a SOx regeneration of the NOx trap is to be performed and generating a SOx-regeneration control signal in response thereto. The temperature of the NOx trap is raised and reformate gas is advanced into the NOx trap in response to the SOx-regeneration signal so as to remove SOx from within the NOx trap. A fuel reformer system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection engine includes a fuel injector so positioned and oriented as to produce a fuel spray whose upper segment reaches the vicinity of a spark plug by a penetrating force of the fuel spray in a low engine speed light load operating region to achieve stratified charge combustion without the aid of tumble. A tumble control valve is operated to strengthen the tumble in a combustion chamber to achieve stratified charge combustion with the aid of tumble in an engine operating region higher in engine speed and/or engine load.

Abstract: By setting the configuration of a cavity (25) of a piston (5) appropriately, tumble is produced in air that is aspirated into a combustion chamber (6) inside a cylinder (3) from an intake port (8), and by means of this tumble, the spray of fuel injected by a fuel injector (12) is caused to gather around the periphery of a spark plug (7). A predetermined tumble in the form of an upright ellipse is set in the longitudinal cross section of the cylinder (3) which includes an injection point (I) of the fuel injector (12) and an ignition point (T) of the spark plug (7). The bottom surface (26) of the cavity (25) is curved so as to conform to the radius of curvature (R1) of the lower end of the elliptical tumble, thereby advancing the formation of elliptical tumble which is unlikely to interfere with the cylinder wall surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method providing mixing of at least one gaseous fluid in the combustion chamber of a direct-injection internal-combustion engine comprising at least a cylinder (10), a cylinder head (12), a piston (22) sliding in this cylinder, a fuel-injection nozzle (24), a combustion chamber delimited on one side by the upper face of piston (22) comprising a teat (30) pointing towards cylinder head (12) and arranged in a concave bowl (28), and intake means (14, 16) for at least one gaseous fluid, said intake means being designed so as to admit the gaseous fluid into the combustion chamber with a swirling motion or swirl.

Abstract: A fuel spray and a tumble collide with each other from approximately opposite directions in a cavity formed in a piston head so that a combustible mixture stays around a spark plug for an extended period of time. An upper opening of the cavity is elongated to both the left and right sides of a cylinder axis. The distance between a ceiling of the combustion chamber and a bottom surface of the cavity is smaller on the right side of the cylinder axis than on the left side thereof and largest at least at a point where the cylinder axis crosses the bottom surface of the cavity, and a portion of the cavity to the left of the cylinder axis has a larger volumetric capacity than a portion of the cavity to the right of the cylinder axis, whereby a strong tumble is maintained up to a fuel injection point.

Abstract: A direct-injection spark-ignition engine in which a combustible mixture is produced around a spark plug at an ignition point by causing a tumble and a fuel spray to collide with each other in a combustion chamber during stratified charge combustion comprises a fuel pressure controller which controls fuel pressure such that penetration of the fuel spray from a fuel injector is progressively intensified with an increase in engine speed in a stratified charge combustion region and means for controlling fuel injection timing including an injection timing setter. The means for controlling fuel injection timing controls the injection timing in such a way that the interval between a fuel injection ending point and the ignition point becomes progressively shorter as engine speed increases under the same engine load conditions in the stratified charge combustion region.

Abstract: During stratified-charge combustion operation of a direct-injection spark ignition engine, at the cylinder compression stroke, a tumble is generated which flows between a spark plug electrode and a piston crown surface toward an injector. A fuel is injected from the injector in correspondence with the cylinder ignition timing by controlling the penetration of fuel spray from the injector to correspond to the tumble flow rate so that the fuel spray may go against the tumble, become a flammable mixture at the cylinder ignition timing and stay near the spark plug electrode. In the late stage of the compression stroke, diffusion of the flammable mixture is suppressed with squishes. Thus, fuel spray behavior in the combustion chamber is controlled to allow suitable mixture stratification over a wide engine operating condition range. This improves combustion quality and extends a stratified-charge combustion zone thereby providing enhanced fuel economy and power output.

Abstract: In a control system for an in-cylinder direct injection engine, during idling operation, the fuel injection timing is compensated to the advance side for each cylinder so that the rate of change in crank angular velocity becomes smaller than a preset criterion while the fuel injection pressure of an injector is gradually reduced from a reference target fuel pressure to a preset lower limit. If the rate of change in crank angular speed becomes smaller than the criterion as a result of the above compensation, the fuel injection timing is compensated to the retard side so that the rate of change in crank angular velocity becomes smaller while the fuel pressure is gradually increased to the preset upper limit. Consequently, the unbalance of fuel spray and tumble due to deviations of fuel spray penetration and the like can be eliminated thereby providing suitable mixture stratification.

Abstract: A fuel spray is directed toward an ignition plug. To an injection bole outlet portion of a swirl type fuel injector, an L-shaped cut out is provided, and the fuel spray is formed with a deflection fuel spray which has a strong swirl component that can inject with a large quantity. Accordingly, a reduction in the discharge HC amount and an improvement in the fuel consumption can be attained.

Abstract: In a control system for an in-cylinder direct injection engine, an actual port intake air density ganmap is calculated based on the intake air temperature thae and the atmospheric pressure atp, a reference port intake air density ganmap* corresponding to the current operating conditions of the engine is read out of a map and compared with the actual port intake air density ganmap, and a target fuel pressure or fuel injection timing is compensatorily modified based on the comparison result. This prevents fuel spray and the tumble from being thrown out of balance due to a change in intake air temperature or atmospheric pressure thereby providing suitable mixture stratification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel injection device comprising an intake pipe having interior wall surfaces for providing air from an upstream side to a downstream side and a fuel injection port disposed in the intake pipe between the surfaces for providing fuel into the intake pipe and an air guide member disposed in the intake pipe in a plane substantially parallel to the surfaces for guiding air separately towards an air flow layer passage and a main air passage wherein the air guided towards the air flow layer passage has a speed at least greater than the air guided towards the main air passage.

Abstract: A direct injection engine capable of direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber characterized in that discharge of gas containing hazardous gas component such as HC can be reduced and fuel economy can be improved by stratified charge combustion in the operation range of low to high speeds. Spray fuel from the fuel injector is fed to the ignition plug by tumble air flow generated in the combustion chamber and formed between the fuel injector located on the side of the combustion chamber and the ignition plug installed on the top of the combustion chamber. This engine (a tumble guide direct injection engine) is configured to ensure that fuel reaches the ignition plug at the time of its ignition.

Abstract: An intake port of an internal combustion engine having an intake passage curved to a certain direction and communicated with a combustion chamber of the engine to send air into the combustion chamber, provided with a groove provided in a wall at a side near a center of curvature of said intake passage in the wall defining the intake passage and extending along the flow of air in the intake passage, at least one long edge formed by one side wall of the wall defining said groove and the wall adjoining said side wall in the wall defining the intake passage, extending along the flow of air in the intake passage, and projecting out toward the inside of the intake passage, and a bent part provided at the wall of the side near the center of curvature of the intake passage in the wall defining the intake passage in proximity to a line connecting the intake passage and combustion chamber and extending in a horizontal direction with respect to the flow of air in the intake passage.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for a swirl flow two valve spark ignition direct injection engine includes a cylinder with a closed end having a wedge shaped combustion chamber recess. A fuel injector extends through the closed end near a shallow side of the wedge recess. A spark plug extends through the closed end at a deeper part of the wedge recess opposite from the injector. A single pair of laterally spaced intake and exhaust valves control intake and exhaust ports opening into the wedge recess. A piston in the cylinder has an outer diameter and includes a head end having a raised pedestal with a shallow upwardly angled face ending at a raised ridge and enclosing a shallow bowl in the head end. The bowl is generally oval with a major dimension generally aligned with a cylinder centerline through the valves.