Abstract: Disclosed is a control system and method of a two cycle direct fuel injection engine capable of smoothly suspending combustions in the cylinder during light load operation of the engine. Based on a map parameterizing the engine speed and the target engine load, it is judged whether or not, when the engine load is in the light load condition, the target engine load is located in a suspending area in which misfires tend to occur. If the target engine load is not in the suspending area, since there is no possibility of misfire, the normal combustion cycle continues to operate. On the other hand, if the target engine load enters into the suspending area, the control system instructs the fuel injection and ignition apparatuses so as to suspend fuel injection and spark ignition with a frequency determined according to the magnitude of the engine load. The frequency is determined by a predetermined formula such that it is reduced as the engine load becomes high and is increased as the engine load becomes low.

Abstract: A C.F.R. engine (26) is alternately supplied with a fuel being manufactured (22), sampled from the discharge line of the mixer and, through a line (24), with a reference product (25) of which the cetane number is known, by two separate supply circuits (22, 24) each having a high pressure fuel pump (33, 34), the C.F.R. engine (26) operating at a constant compression ratio.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine especially for a motor vehicle is described which is provided with an injection valve (11) with which fuel from a tank (3) can be injected directly into a combustion chamber either in a first mode of operation (S) during a compression phase or in a second mode of operation (H) during an induction phase. Furthermore, the internal combustion engine is provided with a control apparatus (10) for controlling (open loop and/or closed loop) the engine. A line (13) is provided via which vaporized fuel from the tank (3) can be conducted into the combustion chamber in the second mode of operation (H).

Abstract: A method of operating an engine assembly having a cylinder assembly which defines a combustion chamber is disclosed. The method includes the steps of performing an intake stroke of the cylinder assembly and advancing a conditioning fuel into the combustion chamber during the intake stroke performing step. The method further includes the steps of advancing a gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber during the intake stroke performing step and performing a compression stroke of the cylinder assembly after the intake stroke performing step. The method yet further includes the steps of advancing a pilot fuel into the combustion chamber during the compression stroke performing step and combusting the pilot fuel in the combustion chamber during the compression stroke performing step so as to ignite the conditioning fuel and the gaseous fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing NO.sub.x reductants by injecting hydrocarbon into a diesel engine's combustion chamber during the expansion cycle. The secondary injected hydrocarbon is formed, under appropriate conditions, into oxygenates and olefins that are suitable for reducing NO.sub.x species in the presence of conventional exhaust catalysts. The appropriate injection timing is obtained by referring to a calibration obtained by direct engine measurements.

Abstract: An engine that selects the combustion mode from a number of combustion modes. The engine includes a fuel supplying device that supplies fuel directly into its cylinders. A detecting device detects the operating condition of the engine. A computing device computes the actual engine load based on the detected operating conditions. An apparatus for controlling combustion controls the fuel supplying device by selecting the combustion mode in accordance with the actual engine load.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards a method for adjusting the NO.sub.2 to NO content of a diesel engine's exhaust without affecting engine performance. The NO.sub.2 to NO ratio is adjusted by varying the amount and tinting of secondary hydrocarbon injection during the engine's expansion stroke. The appropriate amount of secondary injected hydrocarbon and the appropriate injection timing are determined from calibration values obtained by direct engine measurements and the desired NO.sub.2 :NO ratio.

Abstract: A diesel engine can by high-pressure injection be supplied with both fuel oil and fuel gas. Each combustion in the cylinders of the engine is initiated by injection of fuel oil, and gas can be injected after initiation of the combustion. The gas share of the total fuel amount per combustion is adjustable, and the gas injection is prevented by a safety device in case of failing injection of fuel oil. When the share of gas of the total amount of fuel at a certain engine load is changed, the starting time for injection of fuel gas in relation to the starting time for injection of fuel oil is varied so that the gas injection is delayed when the gas share of the total amount of fuel is smaller, and vice versa.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel/gas delivery system for use with operating an internal combustion engine in which quantities of a hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen are introduced into the combustion chamber of the engine. The combustion chamber is provided with an igniter and the delivery of hydrogen is timed relative to both the delivery of the fuel and the activation of the igniter to establish an ignitable mixture at the igniter at the time of activation of the igniter.

Abstract: A multiple phase fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine includes a pressurized supply tank for holding liquid hydrocarbon fuel having the characteristic that it is normally a vapor at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. At least one liquid injector receives liquid fuel from the tank and injects the liquid in the intake system of the engine, and at least one vapor injector receives fuel vapor from the tank and injects the vapor into the intake system of the engine. A controller operates the liquid and vapor injector such that at least one operating parameter of the fuel supply tank will be maintained between predetermined limits.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines is arranged for the injection of a quantity of additive between a preinjection quantity and a main injection quantity of the fuel, in order to favorably affect running smoothness and the course of combustion. To assure replicable separation of the quantity of additive from the preinjection quantity and the main injection quantity, the injection nozzle has an intermediate chamber for the liquid additive, located in a nozzle body between a pressure chamber and an antechamber for the main fuel. Throttle gaps separate the intermediate chamber for the antechamber and from the pressure chamber in the closing direction of the valve needle, when a quantity of additive is pumped into the intermediate chamber, the additive positively displaces the main fuel into the pressure chamber. The additive is pumped into the intermediate chamber through an axial inlet conduit and radial bores in the nozzle needle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for introducing a main fuel and a pilot fuel which is more readily flammable than the main fuel and which serves to ignite the main fuel into an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder having a combustion chamber. A set of conditions are defined to constitute high load conditions on the engine and to constitute low load conditions on the engine. The load conditions are detected. At high load conditions, the main fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber prior to introducing the pilot fuel and the pilot fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber a predetermined amount of time after the introduction of the main fuel. At low load conditions the pilot fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber in advance of the main fuel, and the main fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber a predetermined amount of time after the introduction of the pilot fuel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel device for compressing and injecting gaseous fuel from a variable pressure gaseous fuel supply into a fuel receiving apparatus. More particularly, this invention relates to an intensifier-injector which compresses and injects gaseous fuel from a variable pressure source into the cylinder of a positive displacement engine. An intensifier-injector for gaseous fuels in internal combustion engines comprising means which utilizes the compressed gas from the chamber of the internal combustion engine or compressed fluid or gas from an external compressor to drive an intensifier means which raises the pressure of fuel gas supplied to the internal combustion engine for rapid late-cycle injection into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A fuel injection method for diesel internal combustion engines uses main injection of a gas main fuel and pilot injection of a liquid secondary fuel to initialize combustion of the main fuel. The liquid fuel is injected by an injector pump designed to enable the engine to achieve its maximum power with the liquid fuel only. The pilot injection comprises a mixture of water and liquid fuel.

Abstract: Improved fuel injection valve arrangement for so called dual fuel engines operated using two types of fuel, comprising a valve housing (2), which includes at least one nozzle orifice (5) opening into a combustion chamber of a cylinder in a combustion engine and which further includes first valve means for gaseous fuel and, independently controllable thereof, second valve means for pre-injection fuel used for ignition of the gaseous fuel. The valve means for the gaseous fuel comprises an axially movable, cylindrical, substantially hollow valve member (3), the mantle surface of which is sealed to the valve housing (2), at least at the end located at the side of the combustion chamber of the cylinder, and inside of which there is a separate valve means (7;8) for the pre-injection fuel.

Abstract: The temperature of a small amount of pilot fuel is greatly increased prior to injection into a combustion chamber. In all forms, the injection nozzle has a heating space for heating pilot fuel and which is in communication with both a main fuel orifice and a pilot fuel orifice. The pilot fuel orifice is always open, while the main fuel orifice is periodically closed by a needle valve. In a modified form, the nozzle includes an extension which extends into the combustion chamber and has the heating space therein. The main fuel orifice and pilot fuel orifice are formed in the extension. When the needle valve is in closed position, it closes the main fuel orifice and also prevents communication between the heating space and the associated fuel injection pump.

Abstract: A system for fueling a compression ignition engine that minimizes the quantity of ignition fuel required by controlling the quantity of combustible mixture, rather than the fuel to air ratio.

Abstract: Hybrid step combustion system (HYSCOM) is available for four-stroke and two-stroke internal combustion engines. HYSCOM uses diesel and gasoline as fuels in operation. HYSCOM has a main combustion chamber and a prechamber in the separate combustion chamber structure or has only a main combustion chamber in the single region combustion chamber structure. HYSCOM includes one gasoline injector disposed in the intake manifold port and one diesel injector disposed in the prechamber in the separate combustion structure or disposed in the main combustion chamber in the single region combustion chamber structure. HYSCOM has two combustion modes. In the single fuel combustion mode, only air charge is introduced into the cylinder in the intake stroke. Near the end of compression stroke, a diesel injector supplies diesel fuel into the high temperature and pressure air charge in the combination chamber where it ignites.

Abstract: A two-stroke, two-cylinder internal combustion engine for use in portable applications has a cylinder head design, a fuel injection system and an ignition system which enables the engine to start and run on a fuel such as JP5 or DFM.

Abstract: A primary low viscosity fuel and a secondary high viscosity fuel are fed to an injection pump including a plunger which reciprocates and rotates within a bore in a pump housing. The upper end of the plunger defines with the upper end of the bore a mixing chamber. The mixing chamber is connected through a check valve with a fuel injector for injecting mixed fuel into the combustion chamber of an engine. The plunger has a helical groove thereon which is in communication with the mixing chamber. Primary fuel is fed directly into the mixing chamber. The secondary fuel is fed into an annular groove which is in communication with the mixing chamber through a passage formed in the plunger. The high viscosity secondary fuel in the annular groove forms a seal between the plunger and the wall of the bore to prevent the low viscosity primary fuel from leaking past the seal.

Abstract: An improved gas feed system for a gas fired diesel engine is disclosed, in which boil-off gas evaporated from liquefied gas is fed to the diesel engine. The improvements reside in that between the diesel engine and a liquefied gas tank for storing a gaseous fuel is provided a liquefied gas adding apparatus for adding liquefied gas into the boil-off gas, and in the provision of a passageway through which high-pressure gas passes pressurized by a high-pressure compressing apparatus which compresses the boil-off gas or a mixture of the boil-off gas and the liquefied gas and the provision of a passageway through which low-pressure gas passes pressurized by a low-pressure compressing apparatus.

Abstract: A system for controlling combustion in internal combustion engines of both the Diesel or Otto type, which relies on establishing fluid dynamic conditions and structures wherein fuel and air are entrained, mixed and caused to be ignited in the interior of a multiplicity of eddies, and where these structures are caused to sequentially fill the headspace of the cylinders.

Abstract: An injection system for a dual-fuel diesel engine operated by means of a main fuel having a low cetane number and an auxiliary fuel having a high cetane number is disclosed. The injection system includes a pressure regulating check valve provided in parallel to a delivery valve in a main fuel injection pump and allowing fuel flow only in a direction opposite to that in the delivery valve. A control valve feeds the auxiliary fuel pressurized by a fuel feed pump to a fuel injection valve at an appropriate feed rate and at appropriate fuel feed timing regulated by a control device. A check valve is provided in the proximity of a fuel reservoir of the fuel injection valve in a flow passageway of the auxiliary fuel.

Abstract: A self purging dual fuel injector has a valve which is pressed down, as opposed to lifting, to provide a pilot charge to the combustion chamber. As the valve further extends from the injector the pilot fuel flow is cut off and coal water slurry flows through the valve to the combustion chamber. During shut off of the slurry the retracting valve allows a shot of pilot fuel to purge the valve passageways.

Abstract: An injector apparatus for an internal combustion engine and suitable for injecting two different fuels, namely a "pilot injection" liquid fuel and a "main injection" liquid or gaseous fuel comprising a low-pressure pump (1B) for pilot injection fuel feed, a high-pressure pump (1A) of the injection pump type, two fuel injectors, and a metering pump (30) selectively connecting the low-pressure pump, the high-pressure pump, and the two fuel injectors. The metering pump (30) includes a transfer piston (2) and two abutments (3, 4) which are independently adjustable so as to vary the relative importance of pilot injection and of main injection and also vary the extent to which the two injection stages overlap.

Abstract: A fuel injection system according to the present invention comprises a fuel injection nozzle for injecting a supplementary fuel prior to injection of a main fuel, a distributor-type fuel injection pump for supplying the main fuel to the nozzle, a supplementary fuel feed pump for delivering the supplementary fuel to the nozzle, a relief valve for adjusting the pressure of the fuel from the feed pump to a fixed level, and a supplementary fuel feed valve disposed between the relief valve and the nozzle. The open period of the feed valve is controlled in accordance with the operating state of the engine.

Abstract: A multistage fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine has an injection nozzle capable of injecting main and auxiliary fuels into a cylinder of the engine at controlled intervals, thereby completely combusting an unburned fuel-and-air mixture in the cylinder. The injection nozzle includes a main injection passage for the main fuel, a needle valve for opening and closing the main injection passage, an auxiliary injection passage for the auxiliary fuel communicating with the main injection passage through the needle valve at a discharge end of the latter, and a check valve for preventing a reverse flow of the main fuel from the main injection passage to the auxiliary injection passage.

Abstract: A fuel control system for an internal combustion engine fuelled by a gaseous fuel and a liquid fuel, comprises liquid fuel flow rate control means, and gaseous fuel flow rate control means. The liquid fuel and gaseous fuel flow rate control means are adapted to control the relative proportions of each fuel supplied to the engine, and permit the relative proportion of liquid fuel to be varied in the range having an upper limit of substantially 100%. The gaseous fuel flow rate control means includes gaseous fuel flow rate determination means which is responsive to engine variables, such as engine speed and throttle position to determine from said variables a desired gaseous fuel flow rate. The gaseous fuel flow rate determination means is adapted to generate a signal indicative of said desired gaseous fuel flow rate. This signal can be used to actuate a valve controlling the gaseous fuel flow rate.

Abstract: The circulatory fuel oil injection supply system of a diesel engine is adapted so that the engine may be run selectively either in a single fuel mode on diesel oil alone or in a dual-fuel mode on both diesel oil and gas. The control system and fuel system of the engine are modified so that pressure conditions at a diesel oil injection metering device during the single-fuel mode are mimicked by a first flow restrictor during the dual-fuel mode. A pressure sensor measures the mimicked pressure and controls the amount of gas flow to the engine via an electronic programmable control. A shut-off first solenoid valve operative in the single-fuel mode circuit is by-passed in the dual-fuel mode while second and third solenoid valves are operative to open a by-pass line including a second flow-restrictor and to open a reference pressure supply line respectively. A governor control and a throttle control having a by-pass weep line remain operative in both the single-fuel mode and in the dual-fuel mode.

Abstract: The cylinder head to the combustion chamber is provided with a peripheral array of injection nozzles for injection non-igniting fuel into the combustion chamber and a central fuel injection nozzle for injecting an ignition fuel. The openings of the respective nozzles are arranged to inject a distribution of the fuels in the combustion chamber which is symmetrical relative to the cylinder axis. The openings of the peripheral nozzles are disposed to inject fuel transversely into the combustion chamber symmetrically to a plane passing through each respective peripheral nozzle and the central nozzle while the central nozzle has a nozzle opening in each such plane.

Abstract: An improved ignition system is provided for an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber and a conventional carburetor system, a conventional fuel injection system or a conventional gas mixing system, for feeding an ambient combustible fuel-air mixture to the combustion chamber. In this system, a high speed injector is fed with a gaseous fuel between a spark gap provided by a spark electrode. The spark electrode projects a predetermined distance into the combustion chamber so that the axis of the injector nozzle passes through the spark gap. A puff in the form of a short, abrupt blast of the gaseous fuel is expelled across the spark to produce a well-defined turbulent plume of the injected gaseous fuel. The time and duration of the electric spark and the fast-acting valve actuator controls the length of time it takes to open the fast-acting valve and the length of time the fast-acting valve remains open.

Abstract: The injection device has a nozzle body (10) wherein the liquid-controlled edle valves (17; 18) are opened by the diesel fuel supplied by an injection pump via the annular line (12) and the pressure channels (13; 14) when the opening pressure p.sub.o, which is set at the pressure springs (19; 20) by way of the pressure adjusting discs (21; 22), is reached. In this connection the two needle valves (17; 18) can be opened and closed at different times within certain limits so that at a relatively low opening pressure p.sub.o for the needle valve (17) relative to the needle valve (18) the diesel fuel issuing through the spray aperture (24) into the combustion chamber (25) serves during the entire injection period as ignition jet for the alcohol fuel issuing from one or more spray apertures (29).

Abstract: According to the method in the two-fuel system, using diesel and alcohol l, the alcohol fuel is continuously supplied with a fuel pump and the diesel fuel is discontinuously supplied with an injection pump by way of separate lines of an injection apparatus. An apparatus, which is suitable for carrying out the method, has a nozzle body (10) with the fluid-controlled needle valves (17; 18a; 18b) which are operated after the opening pressure p.sub.o, which is adjusted at the pressure springs (19; 20a; 20b), is reached by the diesel fuel conveyed through the ring conduit (12) and the pressure channels (13; 14a; 14b), in which case the opening pressure p.sub.o for the needle valve (17) is constantly adjusted to a lower value in respect of the satellite needle valves (18a; 18b).

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine arranged so as to inject different types of fuel in a given order has fuel injection nozzles respectively corresponding to cylinders of the internal combustion engine, compressors for respectively delivering an auxiliary fuel to the fuel injection nozzles, and a main fuel injection pump for compressing and delivering a main fuel to the fuel injection nozzles at respective given timings. Each fuel injection nozzle has a fuel reservoir around the distal end portion of a nozzle needle in the vicinity of a fuel injection port. The auxiliary fuel from the corresponding compressor is delivered to a portion of the fuel reservoir which is adjacent to the fuel injection port. A second passage is formed to receive the auxiliary fuel from a portion of the fuel reservoir which is adjacent to the fuel injection port. A first passage is formed to communicate with a portion of the fuel reservoir which is spaced apart from the fuel injection port.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a diesel oil--heavy oil mixture for use as an engine fuel includes the steps combining the two oils proximate the engine, heating the mixture to obtain the required overall fuel viscosity and continuously supplying the heated mixture to the engine for injection into the cylinders. Unused, heated fuel is continuously recirculated to maintain the availability of fuel at the proper viscosity.

Abstract: An air-compressing, self-igniting combustion engine for liquid fuels, in an arrangement that includes a combustion chamber depression in a piston for receiving injected fuel predominantly in the vicinity of the wall thereof and for receiving rotating combustion air at the time of fuel injection. Oxygen-containing fuel that is reluctant to ignite is injected through a first injection device into the combustion chamber depression; through a second injection device there is injected fuel that is willing to ignite, for instance oil fuel, gas oil or Diesel fuel, for initiating and/or maintaining the fuel combustion in the combustion chamber depression. Furthermore, the injection times of the fuel that is willing to ignite and the oxygen-containing fuel that is reluctant to ignite overlap each other. The first and second injection nozzles each are arranged with an injection pump and are rigidly coupled and have a common injection adjuster. Both injection nozzles are combined in a single-nozzle body.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for a diesel engine is disclosed as having a single injector for injecting diesel fuel and alternative fuel into each combustion chamber of the engine in the form of a plume having diesel fuel at its tip so that the diesel fuel is ignited by the compression in the chamber and the alternative fuel is ignited by the ignition of the diesel fuel.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of saturating liquid fuel with air, oxygen, or another gas for injecting into an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is provided with a gas compressor or pump for compressing air or oxygen, which is directed into a fuel saturator having a dense, porous material or stone therein and having a liquid hydrocarbon fuel being fed therethrough. Compressed gas is fed onto one side of the stone and is forced therethrough for saturation into the liquid fuel, which is then fed into a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine. Gas that separates from the liquid fuel is trapped and vapor is removed therefrom. The fuel saturator uses a gas saturation stone, which may be hollow in one end for feeding a compressed gas thereinto, while the other side is surrounded with the liquid hydrocarbon fuel. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be fed around a spiralling passageway adjacent the stone for a more complete saturation of the fuel.

Abstract: A method of operating an air-compressing, self-igniting combustion engine for liquid fuels, in an arrangement that includes a combustion chamber depression in a piston for receiving injected fuel predominantly in the vicinity of the wall thereof and for receiving rotating combustion air at the time of fuel injection. Oxygen-containing fuel that is reluctant to ignite is injected through a first injection device into the combustion chamber depression; through a second injection device there is injected fuel that is willing to ignite, for instance oil fuel, gas oil or Diesel fuel, for initiating and/or maintaining the fuel combustion in the combustion chamber depression. Furthermore, the injection times of the fuel that is willing to ignite and the oxygen-containing fuel that is reluctant to ignite overlap each other. The first and second injection nozzles each are arranged with an injection pump and are rigidly coupled and have a common injection adjuster.

Abstract: A soot treatment device for a Diesel engine comprises a soot collector arranged in an exhaust gas system including a cyclone, wire nets and an atomizer for spraying engine oil into exhaust gases passing through the soot collector, an oil supply circuit for supplying the engine oil to the soot collector, an oil feed circuit for feeding the engine oil containing soot collected in the soot collector to a fuel system of the engine and control means for actuating these circuits at determined timing, thereby again burning the collected soot together with fuel in the engine.

Abstract: A pump and pump system employs electromagnetic actuation during discrete, periodic time periods, imparting rapid strokes covering small distances. Each stroke is delineated by stop members at least one of which is of wedge-like form and is controllably shifted to vary the stroke.

Abstract: A primary low viscosity fuel and a secondary high viscosity fuel are fed to an injection pump including a plunger which reciprocates and rotates within a bore in a pump housing. The upper end of the plunger defines with the upper end of the bore a mixing chamber. The mixing chamber is connected through a check valve with a fuel injector for injecting mixed fuel into the combustion chamber of an engine. The plunger has a helical groove thereon which is in communication with the mixing chamber. Primary fuel is fed directly into the mixing chamber. The secondary fuel is fed into an annular groove which is in communication with the mixing chamber through a passage formed in the plunger. The high viscosity secondary fuel in the annular groove forms a seal between the plunger and the wall of the bore to prevent the low viscosity primary fuel from leaking past the seal.