Abstract: A method for accelerating a vehicle from rest, including controlling an engine according to a first control strategy; receiving a mode indication selecting a launch control mode for accelerating; controlling the engine according to a second control strategy; in response to greater than zero accelerator position, controlling to increase throttle valve opening and engine control operational conditions to limit engine torque output; while in the second control strategy, receiving an indication to end control by the second control strategy; and in response to indication, controlling according to the first control strategy causing the vehicle to accelerate from rest, the first acceleration rate greater than the second rate corresponding to accelerating from rest after sequentially controlling according to the first and second control strategies; the second acceleration rate corresponding to accelerating from rest by controlling according to the first control strategy without previously controlling according to the

Abstract: The vehicle stop position accuracy is improved. A parking assist device, which assists parking of a vehicle at a target stop position, includes: a traveling distance calculation unit that calculates a traveling distance of the vehicle based on a wheel speed pulse; and a braking/driving force calculation unit that determines a remaining distance to the target stop position based on the traveling distance, and switches control of the braking force of the vehicle from feedback control to feedforward control when the remaining distance becomes a value equal to or less than a predetermined value.

Abstract: At start of an engine, a fuel injection amount is set to a jump-over injection amount if the engine speed obtained in each cycle is higher than or equal to a determination threshold value, which is set lower than a lower limit of a resonance speed range of powertrain by a predetermined reference value. If the engine speed is lower than the value, the fuel injection amount is set to a step-over injection amount that is smaller than the jump-over injection amount. This setting makes it possible to increase the engine speed such that the engine speed approaches the lower limit of the resonance speed range causing resonance in the powertrain, up to a predetermined range, and then causes the engine speed to jump straight to an engine speed which exceeds the resonance speed range, while in the process of increasing the engine speed by executing the combustion cycles.

Abstract: A system for controlling a compression ignition engine includes: a speed obtaining section which obtains an engine speed; and an injection amount setting section which sets, in a start period after the start of cranking, a fuel injection amount to be injected by injectors in next and subsequent cycles. If an engine speed achieved by combustion in an (n?1)-th cycle is higher than or equal to a determination threshold value and lower than a lower limit of the resonance range, the injection amount setting section sets the fuel injection amount for the n-th cycle to a jump-over injection amount, and sets the fuel injection amount for the (n+1)-th cycle to a resonance induction reducing amount, which is smaller than the jump-over injection amount.

Abstract: A purge ejector assembly for an engine has a first fluid passage with a nozzle device therein that raises flow velocity of air and a first valve therein between an engine manifold port and the nozzle and permitting flow from the engine manifold port toward the nozzle device while restricting reverse flow. A second fluid passage has a second valve therein between the engine manifold port and a purge flow port, and permitting flow from the purge flow port toward the engine manifold port while restricting reverse flow. A third fluid passage extends from a second passage position located between the purge flow port and the second valve to a first passage position located between the nozzle device and an air inlet channel port. A third valve in the third passage permits flow from the purge flow port toward the air inlet channel port, while restricting reverse flow.

Abstract: A fuel vapor treatment apparatus is provided with an air-fuel-ratio obtaining portion and a clogging determining portion. The air-fuel-ratio obtaining portion obtains the air-fuel ratio. The clogging determining portion determines whether a purge line is clogged based on a maximum variation amount of air-fuel ratio. In a case where no clogging is occurred in the purge line, the air-fuel ratio significantly fluctuates temporarily. In a case where at least a part of the purge line is fully clogged, even when a purge valve receives a valve opening command to be opened, fuel vapor cannot be introduced into the engine, so that the air-fuel ratio is not varied. In view of an air-fuel ratio variation, it is determined whether the purge line is clogged.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are described for controlling an engine in a vehicle, the engine being coupled to a transmission. One example method comprises, under selected braking conditions, shutting-off the engine and spinning-down the engine to rest while the vehicle is traveling, and in response to a foot-off-brake event, restarting the engine by at least partially engaging the transmission and adjusting engine torque control actuators.

Abstract: A fuel vapor processing apparatus includes an adsorbent canister, a vapor path connecting the adsorbent canister to a fuel tank, and a flow control valve disposed in the vapor path. The flow control valve is kept closed while a movement distance of a valve body from a predetermined initial position toward a valve opening direction is less than a predetermined distance. A control unit comprising part of the apparatus is configured to set a valve opening speed of the flow control valve to a first speed under a condition where the movement distance of the valve body is less than the predetermined distance, and to set the valve opening speed of the flow control valve to a second speed lower than the first speed under a condition where the movement distance of the valve body is greater than the predetermined distance.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to prevent disturbance in the behavior of a power plant at the time of switching a controller in a vehicle power plant whose operation is controlled by manipulation of a plurality of actuators by the controller. In order to achieve the purpose, a vehicle power plant control apparatus provided by the present invention is configured as a target value tracking controller in which at least one controller calculates the amount of manipulation of the actuators according to an equation including an integrator for integrating a deviation between a state quantity and a target value thereof such that each of a plurality of state quantities of the power plant can track the corresponding target value.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reporting data based on monitored emissions levels. An exemplary system automatically provides emissions level data acquired from an engine operating in a roadway vehicle while the vehicle is in motion. Data is made available for vehicle approval by a roadway inspection authority. For example, NOx emissions may be monitored with a sensor positioned in the engine exhaust flow path. Embodiments of the invention provide solutions to reduce time delays associated with inspections.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an intake manifold is provided that is capable of suppressing deterioration in the dimensional accuracy by correcting warping and deformation caused during molding. When an intake manifold that is made of plastic and has a surge tank and intake pipes extending from the surge tank is manufactured, distal members, which form the distal ends of the intake pipes, are positioned on a jig. In this state, the distal members and the main bodies of the intake pipes are fixed to each other by vibration-welding.

Abstract: A vehicle computing system enables one or more processors to control a plurality of vehicle features. The vehicle computing system may control a plurality of vehicle features while determining and selecting occupant preferences for those features. The vehicle computing system may receive input including occupant selections of an application requesting user control. The vehicle computing system may receive context variables at the time of occupant selections. The vehicle computing system may store in memory the occupant selections of the vehicle feature settings and/or controls with the associated context variables. The vehicle computing system may determine an occupant preference to an input request using an associative rule filter based on the occupant selections stored in memory. The vehicle computing system may assign a predetermined amount of time after the application input is requested to allow control of the vehicle feature based on an associative rule filter output.

Abstract: A method of calculating power consumption of an air conditioner is provided. The method includes calculating, b a controller, a parameter of an autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) model using past initial temperature and target temperature data of an air conditioner as an input variable of the ARMA model, and past accumulated power consumption data of the air conditioner as an output variable of the ARMA model. The controller is configured to set a current target temperature of the air conditioner and detect an indoor temperature of a vehicle, in which the air conditioner is installed. In addition, the controller is configured to substitute the current target temperature, the indoor temperature, and the parameter to the ARMA model, and predict current accumulated power consumption of the air conditioner.

Abstract: A method can determine diesel engine airflow in a diesel internal combustion engine using a late intake valve closure (LIVC) strategy. The method includes monitoring the air temperature in an intake manifold to determine an intake manifold air temperature; monitoring a coolant temperature; and determining the air temperature in an intake port of a diesel internal combustion engine. The method includes monitoring the air pressure in the intake manifold and monitoring the engine speed of the diesel internal combustion engine. Moreover, the method includes determining the air density in the diesel internal combustion engine and determining a diesel engine airflow; and determining an intake valve closure crank angle. The method additionally includes determining an adjusted diesel engine airflow based on the diesel engine airflow, engine speed, and intake valve closure crank angle.

Abstract: A throttle valve body includes a main body, a main valve, and a bypass valve. The main body includes intake and bypass passages, a sensor mounting hole, and a bypass valve mounting hole. The main valve divides the intake passage into upstream and downstream portions. The bypass valve divides the bypass passage into upstream and downstream sections that are in fluid communication respectively with the upstream and downstream portions. The sensor mounting hole extends along an axis along which the downstream section extends. The bypass valve mounting hole is in fluid communication with a portion of the bypass passage disposed between the upstream and downstream sections.

Abstract: In some examples, reduced engine displacement reduces an engine's ability to provide brake booster vacuum. The present application relates to intake systems including a vacuum aspirator to generate vacuum.

Abstract: A general-purpose liquid-cooled engine delivers a coolant cooling an engine body to a radiator and delivers a cooling air to the radiator by use of a cooling fan to cool the coolant. A cover structure of the general-purpose liquid-cooled engine covers the engine body and the radiator. An engine cover is configured so as to allow the cooling air to be delivered to the radiator. A muffler cover covers a muffler disposed adjacent to an external surface of the engine cover. An exterior cover covers an entire engine including the engine cover and the muffler cover.

Abstract: To provide a vehicle provided with a valve-stop-mechanism-equipped internal combustion engine capable of ensuring a negative pressure in a brake booster while preventing with reliability fresh air from flowing into a catalyst during a valve stop control. An internal combustion engine provided with a valve stop mechanism capable of changing the operational state of an intake valve between a valve operating state and a valve closed/stopped state is provided. A brake booster is provided capable of assisting operation of a brake pedal of the vehicle. Exhaust side negative pressure passages are provided as communication passages that are configured to be in communication with each branch pipe section of an exhaust manifold in a period in which a negative pressure is generated in the case where the intake valve is in the valve closed/stopped state while an exhaust valve is allowed to open and close. The remaining end of the second exhaust side negative pressure passage is connected to the brake booster.

Abstract: When cranking starts by turning on a starter switch 14, the ignition timing is first corrected to a fixed value on a retard side. When an IACV 6 reaches a fully opened position, the ignition timing is corrected to the retard side once, and thereafter corrected to an advance side. The correction to the advance side is performed in accordance with a difference between the number of idling target steps and the current number of steps, and the amount of advance correction is reduced as the difference is reduced. Upon completion of the initialization of the IACV 6, the ignition timing correction amount is then restored to the initial value by increasing the amount of advance by a predetermined amount in a stepwise manner.

Abstract: An engine of a vehicle is provided with an engine control device including an idle speed control (ISC) device provided for an intake bypass passage connecting an upper side and a lower side of a throttle valve installed in an intake passage so as to control an idle speed of the engine by adjusting an amount of air flowing through the intake bypass passage at a time of idling of the engine. The engine control device includes a throttle opening degree sensor disposed in the intake passage and configured to detect a degree of opening of the throttle valve, an intake pressure sensor disposed in the intake passage and configured to detect an intake negative pressure at the lower side of the throttle valve, and a control unit configured to control an output of the engine.

Abstract: An idle throttle valve control method of a diesel vehicle, may include a first step of determining whether an idle entry condition of the vehicle may be satisfied, a second step of controlling a throttle valve based on an air amount map and controlling an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve based on an EGR map, when the first step may be satisfied, a third step of determining whether an idle release condition may be satisfied during the second step, and a fourth step of determining whether an EGR return condition may be satisfied, when the idle release condition may be satisfied in the third step.

Abstract: A system and method of identify fuel savings opportunity in a fleet of vehicles based on a determination of fuel consumption due to modifiable use conditions is described. Modifiable use conditions, such as unauthorized usage, speeding and excessive idling, which represent opportunities for fuel savings are identified and fuel consumption based on the modifiable use conditions is determined. A user-defined statistical metric for the fleet, or a portion of the fleet, can be determined for each of the modifiable use conditions evaluated. Fuel consumption of an individual vehicle, or a group of vehicles, resulting from modifiable use conditions can be compared with a larger group of vehicle, or the fleet, to determine vehicles which correspond to a metric of the fleet. Fleet managers can use this information to modify the use conditions of individual or group of vehicles to provide fuel savings for the fleet.

Abstract: A fast idle air amount control system in a side stand-equipped two-wheeled motor vehicle is provided in which a bypass control valve (10) is arranged so that an axis (Y) of the bypass control valve (10) is substantially horizontal along the lateral direction of a two-wheeled motor vehicle (M) when the two-wheeled motor vehicle (M) is in an upright state and slopes downward toward a side stand (41) side when the two-wheeled motor vehicle (M) is put in an inclined parked state by standing it on the side stand (41), and an actuator (25), which is electrically operated, is coupled to an end part of the bypass control valve (10) on a side opposite to the side stand (41).

Abstract: An engine controller performs low opening degree control during a first intake stroke period since an engine start is commenced until first intake strokes of respective cylinders end. Thus, an opening degree of an intake throttle valve is controlled to a fully closed position or proximity of the fully closed position such that intake pressure downstream of the intake throttle valve becomes equal to or lower than critical pressure with respect to intake pressure upstream of the intake throttle valve during an intake stroke of each cylinder. The controller calculates a leak air quantity at the time when the intake throttle valve is fully closed based on an intake air quantity sensed during the low opening degree control. The controller corrects a feedback gain of idle speed control in accordance with the leak air quantity of the intake throttle valve.

Abstract: In a hybrid vehicle of the invention, the control procedure corrects an idling intake air flow Qidl to enable an engine immediately after its start to generate an output power Pe that is substantially equivalent to an engine power demand Pe*. After the correction, the control procedure controls the engine to have an intake air flow Qe with reflection of an intake air flow correction value Qec and controls a motor MG1 to generate electric power by using the output power Pe of the engine and to charge a battery with the generated electric power within an input limit Win of the battery. The control of the invention ensures that the output power Pe of the engine does not exceed the engine power demand Pe* in restriction of the charge level of the battery. This arrangement effectively prevents the state of charge SOC of the battery, which is charged with the electric power generated by the motor MG1, from exceeding the input limit Win.

Abstract: A speed control system is for a vehicle having an engine including a carburetor with a throttle plate moveable between a minimum open position and a maximum open position. The speed control system includes a ground speed limiter mechanism operatively coupled with the throttle plate and configured to displace the plate toward the minimum position as ground speed of the vehicle approaches a predetermined maximum value. An engine speed limiter mechanism is operatively coupled with the throttle plate and is configured to displace the plate toward the minimum position as a speed of the engine approaches a predetermined maximum value. Preferably, a control linkage is connected with the throttle plate and is moveable between a first configuration, at which the throttle plate is disposed at the minimum position, and a second configuration at which the throttle plate is disposed at the maximum position, the two limiter mechanisms displacing the linkage.

Abstract: A charge forming device includes a body with a fuel and air mixing passage, a bypass passage that communicates with the fuel and air mixing passage, a throttle valve and a choke valve. The throttle valve is movable between idle and wide open positions and operable to control at least in part the fluid flow through the fuel and air mixing passage. The choke valve is movable between an open position permitting a substantially free flow of air into the fuel and air mixing passage and a closed position at least substantially restricting air flow into the fuel and air mixing passage. A bypass valve is movable between an open position and a closed position to selectively permit fluid flow through the bypass passage. The bypass valve is movable toward its open position when the throttle valve is displaced at least a threshold amount away from its idle position.

Abstract: An integral vacuum generator system for an internal combustion engine includes a throttle body and intake manifold defining a bypass passage which is connected with a vacuum manifold by both a venturi and a direct vacuum supply passage. Vacuum flow through the venturi and the direct vacuum supply passage are controlled by check valves.

Abstract: An intake structure is provided for a V-type internal combustion engine having cylinders banked in a V pattern. A throttle body includes a throttle valve interposed in an intake passage extending to the inner side of the V banks and bent to be parallel to a crankshaft. The throttle body is provided with a bypass passage bypassing the throttle valve. An idle control valve for opening and closing the bypass passage by being moved in a direction orthogonal to the intake passage parallel to the crankshaft is added to the throttle body. A drive shaft for moving the idle control valve is projected from an electric actuator in the state of being directed in the moving direction of the idle control valve. The resulting configuration makes it possible to reduce the size of a throttle body and to suppress the overall width of the engine.

Abstract: A vehicular ejector system having an ejector that generates a negative pressure that is greater than the intake manifold negative pressure that is to be extracted from an intake manifold, a VSV that causes the ejector to function or stop functioning, and an ECU that controls the VSV. The ECU includes a control device that controls the VSV so as to cause the ejector to function if an ISC request amount for controlling, during idling, a throttle valve that adjusts the intake air flow amount supplied to the internal combustion engine is greater than a predetermined amount.

Abstract: To make easier designing of an idle control apparatus for a multiple throttle body inexpensively, first and second air control holes (5, 6) are open to an upper side wall (2a) of a valve body slidable hole (2) of a control apparatus main body (1) in an idle air control apparatus (S) between one side wall (17) of a first throttle body (T1) and another side wall surface (26) of a second throttle body (T2), first and second air holes (9, 10) are open to a lower side wall (2b), first and second bypass air passages (18, 27) communicate with the first and second air control hole (5, 6) via the one and other side wall surfaces (17, 26) respectively, and first and second air introduction path (19, 28) communicate with the first and second air holes (9, 10) via the one and other sidewall surfaces (17, 26) respectively.

Abstract: A multicylinder engine intake system includes: a plurality of intake paths; a plurality of bypasses detouring throttle valves and connected to the intake paths; and a common bypass control valve for opening and closing the bypasses. The bypass control valve is constituted by a valve body and an electrically operated actuator provided above the valve body and operated for opening and closing the valve body. A portion of a bypass upstream path in the bypasses on upstream side of the valve body is placed below the valve body. Idling air paths branch off from the portion of the bypass upstream path to reach the corresponding intake paths. Thus, it is possible to prevent fuel or dater droplets from staying in the bypasses and appropriately control the amount of first idling air by the bypass control valve.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling an automotive vehicle are disclosed, in which a control amount for securing safety of the vehicle and the control amount for achieving a state intended for by the driver of the vehicle are switched in such a manner as to reduce the shock due to the change in the torque generated from the power train, thereby accomplishing both safety and maneuverability at the same time. A first target value is set for controlling at least selected one of the driving torque, the driving force and the acceleration/deceleration rate. A second target value is calculated in accordance with the drive mode intended for by the driver or the driving environment ahead of the vehicle. In the case where a deviation exceeding a predetermined value develops between the first target value and the second target value, the fluctuations of at least one of the driving torque, the driving force and the acceleration/deceleration rate are suppressed.

Abstract: A method is provided for evaluating the acceptability of idle roughness levels in a newly manufactured multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. The method involves calculating a plurality of metrics based upon the relative firing energies of individual cylinders in the engine and setting threshold values for each of the metrics, below which the engine is to be accepted. Similarly, threshold values are set for each of the metrics, above which the engine is to be rejected. The engine is then evaluated to determine if the engine is to be accepted or rejected based upon the calculated metrics and the threshold values for acceptance or rejection set for that metric. If the engine has not been previously accepted or rejected based on a particular metric the engine is evaluated using each of the remaining metrics. If the engine has not been rejected after all metrics have been evaluated the engine is finally accepted.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus includes: an operation state determining unit determining whether the engine is in the running or the idle-state from a various sensor's signal; an engine revolution speed detecting unit detecting the revolution speed of the engine from a signal of an external sensor; a running time control value setting unit which sets an open/close control value for an ISC valve to be increased during the running-state such that the valve opens as the engine revolution speed is increased; and idle time control value setting units to which set the open/close control value such that the engine reaches a preset target revolution speed during the idle-state, and provide a lower limit value to the open/close control value during a predetermined period after the engine is switched from the running to the idle-state and set the control value not to be smaller than the lower limit value.

Abstract: The control system establishes an engine warm-up protocol based, at least in part, on elapsed time from engine start. The control system provides a reduced reliance on engine temperature as a basis for determining an appropriate engine idle speed. The control system thus reduces the likelihood of unstable idling conditions when, for example, inadequate cooling water or extremely cold cooling water is being supplied to the engine.

Abstract: An engine system includes an engine, an alternator, a load, and a controller that communicates with the engine, the alternator, and the load. The controller signals the engine to drive the alternator when the engine idles. When a load increase on the engine is detected, the controller reduces an alternator load on the engine in response to the load increase. Air flow into the engine is adjusted to compensate for the load increase, and concurrently the alternator load is increased. When a load decrease is detected, the alternator load is increased, and the air flow is subsequently adjusted while decreasing the alternator load. In another embodiment, spark timing of the engine is adjusted to compensate for the load decrease.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronically-controlled fuel injector, for an internal combustion engine, comprising a downstream fuel injection valve located near an air intake port of each cylinder or inside a cylinder, an air intake passage which bypasses the throttle valve located upstream of a downstream fuel injection valve, and a fuel vaporizing section including an upstream fuel injection valve, and a heater which vaporizes fuel injected from the upstream fuel injection valve; and further having an air intake port located upstream of the throttle valve, air flow control section for controlling an amount of air, said fuel vaporizing section, vaporized-fuel branch section for supplying vaporized fuel to each cylinder, and a vaporized-fuel distribution passage which extends from the vaporized-fuel branch section to an opening located in each air intake pipe located downstream of the throttle valve.

Abstract: A microprocessor base interengageable engine generator set control and profile throttle control devices that provide directional communication and control via common J1939 protocol of electronic engine control units. Such engine and throttle control units provide critical engine information and control using manufacturers proprietary codes that are readable by the interface engine control or independent throttle control input parameters. Engine commands are issued by programmable software and operational input in response to information received and analyzed thereby for ultimate control for known preset parameters in multiple manual and non-fully automatic modes of the profile throttle control device.

Abstract: An electronically controlled engine management system for an outboard motor, which determines the temperature of the engine and manipulates the engine management parameters to allow the engine to operate smoothly and efficiently. The engine temperature detection permits an efficient starting environment as well as an smooth starting to normal running transition period.

Abstract: When the vehicle speed is within a range equal to or greater than a threshold value in which the vehicle is often cruised, a cruising accelerator opening is set as an accelerator opening needed to cruise the vehicle at the vehicle speed, and a cruise-purposed convergence opening corresponding to the amount of depression of an accelerator pedal requested of a driver is set at the time of cruise. An offset opening is calculated as a deviation between the set cruising accelerator opening and the set cruise-purposed convergence opening. Then, the accelerator opening for calculating a power needed to run the vehicle is set at the sum of the offset opening and an pedal opening corresponding to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal.

Abstract: A system is described for determining degradation of an exhaust gas recirculation system of an internal combustion engine. This method utilizes a combination of parameters to accurately determine degradation of the exhaust gas recirculation system. For example, the system utilizes changes in intake manifold pressure, changes in idle speed control operation, changes in ignition timing, and fueling changes to accurately determine operation of the exhaust gas recirculation system.

Abstract: In the invention an apparatus and method direct an engine speed to converge to a target idle speed by detecting a current engine speed, calculating a dynamic reference speed based on the current engine speed, calculating a target idle speed actuator (ISA) opening based on the dynamic reference speed and the current engine speed, and actuating the ISA based on the target ISA opening.

Abstract: An apparatus for remote identification of the combustion performance of a vehicle is provided. The apparatus comprises a throttle device for control of fuel into an engine of a vehicle. A combustion sensor is in operative communication with the vehicle for the purpose of analyzing a vehicle combustion performance parameter. A remote communication device is in operative communication with the combustion sensor for communicating the combustion performance parameter. A remote monitoring network is included for receiving the combustion performance parameter from the remote communication device over a network to enable remote monitoring of vehicle performance.

Abstract: A control unit for engine startup includes a throttle valve, a bypass air quantity-regulating valve, an ignition coil, a bypass air quantity controller, an ignition timing feedback controller, and a multi-spark controller. The throttle valve is disposed in an intake passage of an engine to control intake air quantity. The bypass air quantity-regulating valve controls the air quantity in a bypass passage that bypasses the throttle valve. The ignition coil permits an ignition plug of a same cylinder of the engine to produce multi-sparking during one cycle. The bypass air quantity controller controls the bypass air quantity-regulating valve such that the engine speed is at a target engine speed. The ignition timing feedback controller performs feedback control for the ignition coil such that the ignition timing of the ignition plug is at a target ignition timing. The multi-spark controller controls the ignition coil such that the ignition plug performs multi-spark as necessary.

Abstract: Air induction noise of a throttle apparatus caused by interference between flowing air and an opening for a bypass passage is reduced because a protrusion formed on an interior surface of the throttle apparatus changes aerodynamic features of the throttle apparatus.

Abstract: A vehicle speed control system includes an engine control system with an engine idle speed controller which maintains the engine idle speed set point for varying engine torque outputs and a vehicle braking system for braking the vehicle and which is operated by a deceleration demand means. The idle speed controller is arranged to receive signals from the deceleration demand means such that any increase in engine torque output demanded by the idle speed controller to maintain idle speed is limited in response to signals received from the deceleration demand means.

Abstract: A throttle device for engine has a throttle valve, a shaft, and a valve gear. The valve gear is driven to rotate by a motor. The shaft and the valve gear are unitarily molded of a continuous resinous material. In the coupled area between the shaft and the valve, a recess section is provided. The recess section is formed, from the outer end face of the gear, coaxially with the shaft. The recess section serves as a thin-walled section, and prevents deformation of the gear likely to be caused by heat shrinkage. Furthermore, the recess section includes a through hole, which is effective for moving the ball bearing along the axial direction. A press-fitting tool is inserted into the through hole to install the ball bearing by pressing.

Abstract: An air induction system is arranged to introduce air into a plurality of combustion chambers. The air induction system includes intake passages through which the air flows to the combustion chambers. Throttle valves are arranged to regulate an amount of the air flowing through the intake passages. Auxiliary runners communicate with the intake passages at a location positioned downstream of the throttle valves. The respective runners are unified with each other to form a common chamber. A single conduit has an end communicating with the common chamber and another end communicating with a location that generally is at atmospheric pressure. The air flowing through the conduit, the common chamber and the auxiliary runners also is supplied to the combustion chambers. The common chamber can be positioned next to the intake passages. A control valve can be provided at a location along the single conduit.

Abstract: A marine engine is controlled to operate in a lean burn mode during middle range operation. During low speed/low load operation, an engine is operated at a preset air/fuel ratio. The engine then transitions to a lean burn mode and operates in the lean burn mode during mid speed/mid load operation. The engine then receives a richer air/fuel ratio during high speed/high load operation.