Abstract: An optimum control parameter in control of an internal combustion engine and the like is searched. In a plurality of search cycles, a control parameter that maximizes an output of an object to be controlled which shows an output realized by a given control parameter is searched using control parameters. The control parameters are provided at each search cycle by a predetermined algorithm. A periodic function of a predetermined period and a correction value obtained in a previous search cycle are added to the control parameters to obtain an input parameters to the object. An output obtained from the object with the input parameters is multiplied by the periodic function to obtain a correction value for correcting the control parameters such that the search converges.

Abstract: A method device for controlling a suction pressure of an internal combustion engine, particularly a diesel engine having an exhaust gas turbocharger. The compressor is connected to a suction line of the internal combustion engine via an actuating section having an actuating element for changing a cross-section of the actuating section. In the first step, the current suction pressure in the suction line of the internal combustion engine is determined. A compressor pressure of the compressor is determined by pressure sensors and compared to the suction pressure. Values corresponding to current operating data of the internal combustion engine are identified and an actuation signal is generated using a controller, based on the comparison; and changing the cross-section of the actuating section is adjusted by adjusting the actuating element using the actuating signals.

Abstract: A throttle valve controller for an internal combustion engine has a throttle valve driven by a motor. The target opening of the throttle valve is determined based on the operating state of the vehicle or internal combustion engine. A first lower limit is determined beforehand as the minimum target opening, and a second lower limit is set which is smaller than the first lower limit if the determined target opening is smaller than a predetermined opening and/or if the rotation speed of the internal combustion engine is lower than a predetermined speed.

Abstract: Engine synchronization apparatus and system for multi-engine vehicles such as boats and aircraft providing limited authority throttle cable trim effected by an apparatus interposed between the throttle plate and throttle cable of a slave engine and mounted in a floating configuration. An actuator is mounted to the apparatus to trim the distance between the throttle plate and throttle cable attachment thereby trimming the throttle cable. A system is provided in which a difference signal derived from master and slave engine tachometer signals is used to control the actuator and synchronize the engines within a predetermined range.

Abstract: In a general-purpose engine having a throttle valve installed in an air intake passage connected to a combustion chamber, sucked air mixing with fuel to generate an air-fuel mixture to be ignited to drive a piston to rotate a crankshaft connected to a load, a first warm-up time period during which the engine is warmed up and a second warm-up time period which is longer than the first time period are determined based on detected engine temperature and a fuel quantity is increased during the first time period. The operation of the motor is controlled such that a change rate of throttle valve opening is limited within a range until the measured time exceeds the second warm-up time period after it exceeded the first time period. With this, it becomes possible to complete warm-up operation in a short period of time, while improving rate of fuel consumption and emission performance.

Abstract: In a method for regulating a combustion process of an internal combustion engine with exhaust-gas recirculation, which can be operated with a variable air/fuel ratio, and a fresh-air flow and a recirculated exhaust-gas flow, both the fresh air and the recirculated exhaust-gas flow are metered. The combustion process of an internal combustion engine with exhaust-gas recirculation is regulated, wherein the method makes precise determination of the exhaust-gas recirculating rate possible with a low fault tolerance.

Abstract: An electronic throttle control device in a internal combustion engine for a vehicle can be improved in maintainability and can be reduced in size. An electronic throttle control device in a V-type internal combustion engine for a vehicle has a fuel injection valve and throttle valves in an intake passage. A throttle driving motor controls the opening angle of each throttle valve according to the amount of operation of a throttle grip performed by an operator of the vehicle. The throttle driving motor is located outside a region surrounded by the throttle bodies that are respectively connected to all of intake ports as viewed in plan.

Abstract: A throttle control module comprises a primary throttle position module, a redundant throttle position module, and a remedial action module. The primary throttle position module transforms a primary throttle area signal indicating desired throttle area into a primary throttle position signal indicating a first desired throttle position of a throttle valve. The throttle valve is actuated based upon the primary throttle position signal. The redundant throttle position module transforms a redundant throttle area signal indicating desired throttle area into a redundant throttle position signal indicating a second desired throttle position of the throttle valve. The remedial action module selectively generates a remedial action signal based upon a comparison of the first and second desired throttle positions.

Abstract: An engine control system includes a status determination module that determines states of first and second throttle position sensors (TPSs), wherein a fault state includes when one of the first and second TPSs is one of outside of a predetermined range and out of correlation with the other of the first and second TPSs, for greater than a first predetermined period. A throttle actuation module opens a throttle when an engine manifold absolute pressure (MAP) is less than a predetermined MAP threshold, at least one of the first and second TPSs is in the fault state, and the other one of the first and second TPSs is within a second predetermined period from transitioning to the fault state.

Abstract: A fuel economy method and system consists of using a signal control unit connected to a throttle of a vehicle and to a mass sensor for sensing a mass of a load carried by the vehicle. When the sensor senses that the mass is within a predetermined mass range below a pre-determined load mass value, the signal control unit reduces the range of power output of the engine. The unmodified engine power output range and modified engine power output range extend from a minimum engine power output to, respectively, an unmodified maximum engine power output and to a modified maximum engine power output lower than the unmodified engine power output and thereby requiring less fuel. Accordingly, the range of engine power output, and notably the maximum engine power output available, is reduced when the mass is in the pre-determined mass range, thus reducing fuel consumption compared to the unmodified engine power output range.

Abstract: An electronically controlled throttle valve unit includes a valve shaft supported by a throttle body, a throttle valve provided on the valve shaft rotatably therewith, an actuator for controlling the valve shaft, and a mechanical valve opening/closing mechanism. The mechanical valve opening/closing mechanism comprises: a valve lever provided on the valve shaft rotatably therewith; a cam lever supported rotatably with respect to the valve shaft so as to be directly operated through a throttle operation; and a link lever supported rotatably by the throttle body and transmitting a rotation of the cam lever in a direction of opening the throttle valve to the valve lever so as to rotate the valve lever and the valve shaft in a throttle valve opening direction with a predetermined rotation angle characteristics.

Abstract: A control system for an engine comprises an air per cylinder (APC) generating module that generates measured and desired APC values. A combustion transition module selectively transitions the engine from spark ignition (SI) combustion to homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion and from HCCI combustion to SI combustion. A spark control module selectively retards spark during the transitions based on a ratio of the measured APC value and the desired APC value. Alternately, spark retard can be based on measured and desired engine torque representing values (ETRVs).

Abstract: In a method for monitoring a function computer in a control unit which controls the generation of torque by an internal combustion engine, a maximum acceptable torque value is determined from a driver request. A torque actual value is determined from operational characteristic variables of the internal combustion engine and is compared with the maximum acceptable value. The air supply is limited when there is an unacceptably large actual value. The method is distinguished by the fact that the limitation takes place when a fault counter reading exceeds a threshold value. The fault counter reading is increased if the torque actual value is higher than the maximum acceptable torque value and is reduced by a predetermined value if the torque actual value is lower than the maximum acceptable value. In addition, a control unit which is configured to carry out the method is presented.

Abstract: To provide an accelerator position sensor arrangement structure for a motorcycle that can prevent an increased vehicle-width without change of operational feeling of a throttle. An accelerator position sensor is connected to a throttle grip via a pair of throttle cables and disposed externally of main frames, of a body frame, extending from a head pipe toward the rearward of a vehicle body.

Abstract: A transmitting case includes a first case half integrally formed on one side of a throttle body, and a second case half coupled to the first case half. A first assembly is constructed by disposing a final gear inside the first case half and securing it to one end of a valve shaft. A second assembly is constructed by mounting on the second case half an electric motor and an intermediate gear of a speed reduction device for transmitting the rotation of an output shaft of the electric motor to the final gear. Upon coupling of the first case half and the second case half, the intermediate gear and the final gear are meshed with each other. Thus, there is provided an engine intake control system having an excellent assemblability and an improved accuracy of throttle valve opening degree.

Abstract: In a method and a device for controlling an actuator, the first setpoint value for the position of the actuator is predefined. A change in the setpoint value for the control of the actuator to the first setpoint value is limited to a first setpoint value change limitation. For the reaching of the first setpoint value, a second setpoint value is predefined. A change in the setpoint value for the position of the actuator to the second setpoint value is limited to a second setpoint value change limitation. If the actual value of the change of the setpoint value to the first setpoint value using the first setpoint value change limitation would be greater than the change of the setpoint value to the second setpoint value using the second setpoint value change limitation, the first setpoint value is predefined for the setpoint value and the change in the setpoint value for the control of the actuator to the first setpoint value is limited according to the first setpoint value change limitation.

Abstract: A valve control device performs control for eliminating or preventing fixation of an EGR valve (30) by opening/closing the valve near its fully closed position. After an engine stops, the valve control device performs “a fixation avoiding operation” for opening/closing EGR valve (30) near the fully closed position, and further, performs “a fixation determining operation”. When it is determined that the fixation of EGR valve (30) is eliminated, EGR valve (30) is positioned at the fully closed position, and a reference position is corrected such that the fully closed position is regarded as a reference position at which a valve opening/closing control is performed during the operation of the engine.

Abstract: A cooling fan controller is provided for controlling the revolving speed of a cooling fan that introduces outside air as a cooling wind to cool a fluid being cooled; in order to optimally control the revolving speed if the cooling fan in accordance with load, and to suppress noise caused by the cooling fan. The cooling fan controller includes a fluid temperature sensor 40 for sensing a temperature To of the fluid, an air temperature sensor 30 for sensing a temperature Ta of the air, and a control 20 for calculating a difference between the fluid temperature To sensed by the fluid temperature sensor 40 and the air temperature Ta sensed by the air temperature sensor 30, and setting a target revolving speed Nf of the cooling fan in accordance with a magnitude of the calculated difference.

Abstract: To provide an accelerator position sensor arrangement structure for a motorcycle that can prevent an increased vehicle-width without change of operational feeling of a throttle. An accelerator position sensor is connected to a throttle grip via a pair of throttle cables and disposed externally of main frames, of a body frame, extending from a head pipe toward the rearward of a vehicle body.

Abstract: A valve apparatus includes a valve shaft, a body, a bearing housing, a fixing device, and an actuator. The body has a flow path therein, and the flow path has an opening degree that is operated by rotation of the valve shaft. The bearing housing rotatably supports the valve shaft, and the bearing housing has a predetermined attachment portion. The fixing device fixes the bearing housing to the body by fastening the predetermined attachment portion of the bearing housing to an outer surface of the body. The actuator is provided to cover the fixing device from outside, and the actuator is fixed to the body and the bearing housing. The actuator applies a driving force to the valve shaft.

Abstract: A target throttle opening degree computing device of a control apparatus computes a target throttle opening degree of a throttle valve and includes a phase lead compensator. A filter filters the target throttle opening degree to provide an ultimate target throttle opening degree, which is used to drive a drive motor to adjust an opening degree of the throttle valve.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a haptic device in a vehicle. The system comprises a foot operated pedal of a vehicle. A sensor is coupled to the pedal and is configured to sense a position of the pedal during use. The sensor is configured to output a sensor signal associated with the position of the pedal. A processor is coupled to the sensor and is configured to receive the sensor signal. The processor outputs a control signal upon the pedal moving past a threshold position. An actuator is coupled to the processor, wherein the actuator is configured to output a haptic feedback force to the pedal upon receiving the control signal from the processor.

Abstract: A rotation angle detection device may include a rotational member, at least one magneto-electric transducer having a magnetism detection portion capable of detecting a change in magnetism caused by rotation of the rotational member and generating a detection signal representative of the change in magnetism, and an operation voltage output portion capable of performing an operation based on the detection signal and generating an output signal. The rotation angle detection device may further include a fixed member having an receiving recess that receives the at least one magneto-electric transducer therein, and an elastic member attached to the receiving recess in which the at least one magneto-electric transducer is received.

Abstract: An actuating device for providing a physical output quantity includes: a control element for providing the physical output quantity; an actuator unit triggering the control element according to a triggering variable; and a communication unit receiving the triggering variable, which communication unit sends actuator information which contains an indication about a correlation between the provided physical output quantity of the actuating device and the triggering variable.

Abstract: In a control device for an internal combustion engine including a throttle valve for adjusting the intake air amount that affects on the torque of the internal combustion engine, when a request for acceleration of the internal combustion engine is made, a torque gradient, which is a change in the torque of the internal combustion engine per unit time during the acceleration, is predicted based on an operating condition of the internal combustion engine before the acceleration, and the operation of the throttle valve is controlled based on the predicted torque gradient during the acceleration of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Control method and apparatus for multi-fuel, compression ignition engines. In accordance with the method, a target fuel whose engine operating characteristics are to be duplicated when using fuels other than the target fuel in the engine is selected, and the engine operating characteristics including engine torque versus throttle setting and engine RPM when operating using the target fuel are determined and stored as a desired indicated torque versus throttle setting and engine RPM. Then, when the engine is operating on a fuel, a fuel control input and engine RPM are sensed, the desired indicated torque for that fuel control input and engine RPM is determined, a measured indicated torque for the engine is determined, and a fuel quantity command is adjusted to cause the measured indicated torque to equal the desired indicated torque.

Abstract: In an adaptive positioning method for an actuator, in particular, for a throttle butterfly on an internal combustion engine, during the adaptive positioning method, after a request for a set position and selection of a pilot value a corresponding pilot position for the actuator is adopted. The pilot position is adjusted until said position corresponds to the requested set position. The control value actually required or this set position is subsequently measured and recorded as corrected pilot value for the corresponding set position.

Abstract: An electronic throttle control system and method are provided. The system includes a throttle valve, a motor configured to drive the throttle valve, and a throttle position sensor configured to detect an angle of the throttle valve. The system further includes an engine rotating speed detector, and a controller. The controller is configured to drive the motor to control the angle of the throttle valve. The controller is configured to initially set a lower limit value of the angle to an angle which is greater than a full closure angle of the throttle valve by a predetermined amount. The controller is further configured to, when a rise in an engine rotating speed is detected, re-set the lower limit value to reduce it by a predetermined amount to control the engine rotating speed to within a predetermined value from the preset idle speed.

Abstract: A butterfly valve-type throttle valve 10 includes a valve shaft 12 extending across an intake air passage 5 of an internal combustion engine, and a butterfly-type valve body 14 for adjusting a flow rate of an intake air flowing through the intake air passage 5 by rotating in unison with the valve shaft 12. The valve body 14 is constituted by two split members 20, and is configured such that the split members 20 are coupled to each other by a welding 36, which is a coupling that uses no screw, and such that an axial hole 34 for fitting with the valve shaft 12 is formed through the coupling. A gap closing member 16 is provided on a circumferential edge portion of the valve body 14 for closing a gap between the valve body 14 positioned at a fully closed position and a passage wall surface 5a of the intake air passage 5.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and a cylinder halting mechanism for halting operation of at least one of the plurality of cylinders by stopping operation of at lease one intake valve of the at least one cylinder. The control system includes an intake air control valve for controlling an amount of air supplied to the engine. An opening of the intake air control valve is changed when performing an increase in a number of operating cylinders in an idling condition of the engine. A basic opening of the intake air control valve is switched from a first basic opening corresponding to the number of operating cylinders before the increase in the number of operating cylinders to a second basic opening corresponding to the number of operating cylinders after the increase in the number of the operating cylinders. The basic opening is corrected in the closing direction during a predetermined time period when increasing the number of operating cylinders.

Abstract: A safety device for the throttle operation includes a shaft, a linking plate having an end connected and moving with the shaft and another end provided with an projecting bent wing, a pulling plate having one end formed with a shaft hole for combining with the shaft and located at a side of the bent wing and another end resting on an end surface of the bent wing and connected with a throttle line. The bent wing moves the throttle line to move the pulling plate for an angle for opening the throttle. The safety device further includes a contact switch for contacting the linking plate so an engine control system may be electrified by the contact switch to reduce its speed to a slow condition even if the throttle line is stuck immovable and unable to return to its original position after pulling open the throttle, keeping safe a vehicle.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine in which fuel containing alcohol is used. In the control system, a maximum opening of a throttle valve of the engine is set, and a target opening of the throttle valve is set to a value which is equal to or less than the maximum opening. An opening of the throttle valve is controlled so as to coincide with the target opening. The maximum opening is according to a concentration parameter indicative of a concentration of alcohol in the fuel, a temperature parameter indicative of a temperature of the engine, and a number of ignitions performed after start of the engine.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes an engine in which angle intervals of crank angles respectively corresponding to expansion strokes of a plurality of cylinders are unequal, a motor configured to generate a torque applied to a driving power transmission system including a crankshaft of the engine, and a motor controller configured to drive the motor to add the torque of the motor to a torque of the engine.

Abstract: During travel of a vehicle, an apparatus acquires vehicle velocity information detected by a vehicle velocity sensor and a reference accelerator opening degree and an estimated gear position from a reference accelerator opening degree table indicative of relationship between vehicle velocities and accelerator opening degrees during travel of the vehicle at cruising velocity. The apparatus also acquires an estimated number of prime mover rotations at the vehicle velocity from a vehicle-velocity vs. number-of-prime-mover-rotation correlation table, and then calculates a difference between the estimated number of prime mover rotations and an actual number of prime mover rotations detected by a number-of-prime-mover-rotation sensor. Further, a value, obtained by multiplying the calculated difference by a compensating coefficient determined in accordance with characteristics specific to the vehicle, is added to the reference accelerator opening degree, to thereby calculate an estimated accelerator opening degree.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine calculates a provisional target value of the throttle opening in accordance with an accelerator pedal travel, upon detection of a sudden operation of the accelerator pedal. The system also calculates a target pressure change in the surge tank according to the provisional target value, on the basis of the actual surge tank pressure and the cylinder intake mass airflow, using a virtual intake system model. The control system sets a target throttle opening in accordance with the surge tank pressure and the cylinder intake mass airflow, so as to provide the target pressure change under a condition of the actual surge tank volume.

Abstract: A device and a method for evaluating a sensor signal indicating the position of an accelerator pedal of a motor vehicle. For this purpose, the device compares the sensor signal to a first comparison level, and an idle state is ascertained if the first comparison level is undershot. When a start of the motor vehicle from rest is detected, a departure from the idle state is inferred if a second comparison level, which is lower than the first comparison level, is exceeded.

Abstract: In a gas turbine aeroengine control system, in Ch-A (first control channel), a first CPU monitors the operation of a second CPU and the second CPU monitors the operation of the first CPU; in Ch-B (second control channel), third and fourth CPUs similarly monitor each other, and when the operation of at least one of the first and second CPUs in Ch-A is found not to be normal, the output sent to an FCU (fuel control unit) is switched from the output of one or the other of the first and second CPUs of Ch-A to the output of one or the other of the third and fourth CPUs of Ch-B, thereby achieving improved CPU failure detection and realizing high redundancy and high reliability.

Abstract: There are provided an accelerator position sensor, an engine speed sensor, an electric motor, and a control unit. The accelerator position sensor detects an amount of operation of an accelerator grip. The engine speed sensor detects an engine rotational speed. The electric motor rotates a throttle valve so as to be opened and closed an intake passage. The throttle valve is opened and closed by the electric motor. The control unit drives the electric motor depending upon an output value of the accelerator position sensor and the engine speed sensor. The control unit includes a map storage section storing a plurality of throttle valve opening maps. Each of the plurality of throttle valve opening maps contains unique throttle valve opening characteristics respectively. The control unit drives the electric motor based on one of selected the throttle valve opening maps.

Abstract: The invention comprises an engine control device and method for use in a vehicle incorporating an internal combustion engine and a motor that are capable of transmitting motive power to an axle. The device has an engine utilization reduction portion configured to reduce the power supplied by the engine when a requested engine power is above a predefined engine power minimum value when the device is in a hybrid mode thereby increasing power provided by the electric motor. The device also may have a computer readable engine off portion configured to prevent the engine from starting or consuming fuel thereby causing the vehicle to be directionally powered by the electric motor only. The device may also have a warm up portion configured to operate the engine in warmup mode and limit the power supplied by the engine when the engine temperature is below a predefined engine operating temperature thereby reducing emissions during engine warmup.

Abstract: A method of calibrating throttle controls in an electronic shift and throttle system includes opening the throttle and then moving the throttle back towards a hard stop in increments. The voltage level of an electrical signal sent by a throttle position sensor is measured and recorded at each increment. An idle position is established as being where the lowest voltage level was measured when the throttle is at least 0.75° away from the hard stop.

Abstract: A straddle-type vehicle includes an engine, an air intake pipe, a throttle valve being controlled in accordance with an operation amount of an accelerator grip, an engine rotating speed detector or a vehicle speed detector, and an electronic control unit (ECU). The ECU increases the opening degree of the throttle valve or maintains the opening degree at a constant value until the engine rotating speed reaches a set rotating speed which is smaller than a prescribed rotating speed, but if the engine rotating speed exceeds the set rotating speed, the ECU reduces the opening degree of the throttle valve irrespective of operation of the accelerator grip.

Abstract: A control system includes a throttle control module, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) control module, and a diagnostic control module. The throttle control module selectively maintains a desired throttle area when a vehicle is in a coastdown mode. The EGR control module opens an EGR valve when the desired throttle area is maintained. The diagnostic control module selectively diagnoses an error of an EGR system based on a pressure increase measured in an intake manifold of the vehicle when the EGR valve is open.

Abstract: A target TH opening degree change amount calculating unit 26 calculates a change amount of a target throttle opening degree ?THCMD. In accordance with whether or not the change amount of the target throttle opening degree ?THCMD is not less than a predetermined control start threshold, a collision prevention process determining unit 27 determines whether a throttle grip 21 has been operated to rapidly close. When the rapid closing operation of the throttle grip 21 is detected, a change-amount basic value calculating unit 28 calculates a change-amount basic value of the target throttle opening degree. A correction term calculating unit 29 inputs to a multiplying unit 30 a correction term for correcting the change-amount basic value. The multiplying unit 30 multiplies the change-amount basic value by the correction term, and outputs a change amount of the target throttle opening degree thus calculated. The correction term can be set, for example, to have a value not more than 1.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the energy consumption of a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine and at least one vehicle electric system, to which at least a first electric consumer is connected. In order to achieve an efficient vehicle electric system with a reduced energy consumption, the internal combustion engine is operated in a first operating mode at a first speed. In a second operating mode, the internal combustion engine is operated at a second speed that is higher than the first speed. A driving situation detection device provided in the vehicle recognizes an imminent specific driving situation on the basis of the previous behavior of the driver in controlling the vehicle and/or the behavior of the vehicle in advance, and initiates a switch in the internal combustion engine from the first operating mode to the second operating mode.

Abstract: A device for detecting the angle of rotation of a throttle valve operated by an electric motor is disclosed. The valve is rotatably supported on a throttle valve shaft in an intake system of a throttle valve housing, wherein an actuator motor coupled to the throttle valve shaft predefines the throttle valve angular position in a manner controlled by a control unit, and wherein a predetermined value of the throttle valve angular position is predetermined by a manually operated predetermined-value input apparatus and is fed to the control unit. The predetermined-value input apparatus is coupled to a predetermined value sensor shaft, wherein the angular position of the predetermined value sensor shaft corresponds to the manually predefined predetermined value of the throttle valve angular position.

Abstract: A drive-by-wire throttle control apparatus and method includes a variable resistance sensor. A contact arm can be mechanically connected between a thumb lever and a variable resistance sensor. The variable resistance sensor possesses a resistive film that includes a fixed resistor and a variable resistor configured from a carbon film. As the thumb lever rotates, the contact arm traverses the resistive film, thereby altering the resistance of the variable resistor, determining the position of the thumb lever and thereafter generating a signal based on the sensed position. The signal can be sent to an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) in the form of a varying voltage, which in turn controls the throttle of a vehicle.

Abstract: Control method in the case of a fault in an internal combustion engine; the control method provides for the phases of: cyclically checking the correct functioning of a connection between an electronic control unit and an electric drive of an electric actuator coupled to a butterfly valve to control the position of the same butterfly valve, switching off the electric drive in the case of interruption in the connection between the electronic control unit and the electric drive so that the butterfly valve sets itself in a predefined limp-home position, and piloting the engine in the case of interruption in the connection between the electronic control unit and the electric drive to keep the number of revs constant and equal to a predefined emergency value.

Abstract: A throttle control device for a saddle-ride type vehicle includes a throttle sensor is disposed in a case at a fixed position to detect an amount of a rotation operation of a throttle grip in accordance with a rotation of a throttle pipe. An operation of an actuator which drives a throttle valve to open and close is controlled by a control unit on the basis of a detected value of the throttle sensor. The throttle control device does not require a cancel switch to cancel an operation of an automatic cruise control device, which in turn reduces the number of parts, allowing size reduction of the case fixed on a bar handle.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine control component includes at least one electronic device, electronics such as an integrated circuit associated with the device, and a thermoelectric cooler for cooling the electronics mounted in a compartment. The thermoelectric cooler may be disposed in or on a wall of the compartment with a heat sink connected to a hot side of the thermoelectric cooler and a cold side of the thermoelectric cooler exposed to an interior of the compartment. Data about and/or operating instructions for the device may be stored in memory on the integrated circuit. The data may be calibration information for the device. A bus connector is connected to the integrated circuit for transferring operating instructions and/or data from the integrated circuit out and/or out of the component. A controller or control system incorporating these devices and components have the devices electronically connected to the integrated circuit.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with a variable valve train capable of altering opening and closing timings and/or opening amounts of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is characterized in that the internal combustion engine is further provided with a negative pressure mechanism that operates using intake pipe negative pressure generated in an intake passage of the internal combustion engine, a throttle valve for adjusting the flow rate of intake air flowing through the intake passage, and negative pressure generating device that controls at least one of the variable valve train and the throttle valve to generate the intake pipe negative pressure, when the intake pipe negative pressure for operation of the negative pressure mechanism is insufficient.