Abstract: An air cutoff valve (ACV) is provided. The full open state of the flap valve is maintained using the latchet which operates as the solenoid is turned on and off, so the restart performance is significantly enhanced as the air is quickly supplied by the ACV when the engine stops abnormally irrespective of a driver's intention, and since the ACV is made from a plastic material, the assembling process of the molding formation is simplified, so the unit cost for manufactures is reduced, and the corrosion phenomenon due to moisture can be prevented, and the operation reliability can be enhanced.

Abstract: An operation amount detecting unit 17 detects an operation amount of a throttle grip from a zero position. A basic throttle opening degree computing unit 18 computes a basic throttle opening degree corresponding to the operation amount. A throttle opening degree additional value computing unit 20 outputs as a target throttle opening degree a value obtained by adding the basic throttle opening degree with a throttle opening degree additional value corresponding to the operation amount when the operation of the throttle grip is performed within a small operation region corresponding to an idle operation. The throttle opening degree additional value computing unit 20 outputs as the target throttle opening degree the basic throttle opening degree when the operation of the throttle grip is performed without the small operation region.

Abstract: An intake system is provided with an intake flow control valve (300) provided in an intake port (50) upstream of an intake valve (70). The intake flow control valve (300) may be switched between at least a first position (300A) and a second position (300B), in accordance with the operating state of an engine, by rotating a rotary shaft (360), which is supported by a rotary shaft support part (350). In the first position, the clearance between the valve element and the inner wall of the intake port is small. In the second position, the clearance between the valve element and the inner wall of the intake port is large.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling an engine via an outlet control device of an intake manifold, such as via variable valve lift operation. The engine may further include an inlet control device, such as an electronic throttle, as well as coordination between the inlet and outlet control devices for controlling airflow in the engine.

Abstract: In a method for controlling an internal combustion engine comprising an intake pipe and a throttle valve that is arranged therein, the pressure in the intake pipe is regulated by modifying the opening angle of the throttle valve, and the desired pressure value is adjusted when the valve lift of the internal combustion engine changes. An apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine has a mechanism for regulating the intake pipe pressure, the mechanism allowing the opening angle of the throttle valve to be influenced as a controlled variable. In addition, at least one device is provided for changing the valve lift of the internal combustion engine while a device is provided for adjusting the desired pressure value to the valve lift.

Abstract: A flow controlling method for an auxiliary intake flow passage for use in a power unit which includes a starter clutch which is automatically engaged and disengaged in response to the engine speed. An intake air control valve (IACV) carries out changeover from water temperature dependent control (open loop control of adjusting the flow rate of the auxiliary intake flow passage in response to the warming up state of an engine) to target engine speed feedback control when the actual engine speed NE [rpm] drops to a clutch disengagement engine speed NEout (engine speed at which the centrifugal clutch is disengaged) (S3: Yes) and the opening ?1 [degree] of the throttle valve becomes smaller than a predetermined threshold value (throttle valve opening threshold value TH—?1 (S4: Yes).

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling an engine having an intake manifold and an outlet control device coupled to the manifold for controlling flow exiting the manifold and entering at least one cylinder of the engine. The engine further includes an inlet control device for controlling flow entering the manifold. The method includes providing an engine command; calculating a desired cylinder charge based on said command; and adjusting the outlet control device to provide said desired cylinder charge. The engine command may be, for example, a driver command, such as a driver torque command. Further, the outlet control device may be implement in with a variety of mechanisms. For example, in one embodiment the outlet control device is a valve of the engine having a variable lift. In one embodiment the outlet device is a valve having variable timing. Likewise, the inlet device may be adjusted in response to a variety of parameters.

Abstract: In the intake air quantity control device for an internal combustion engine, in which an open area formed at a portion of the throttle body is encapsulated by a cover including a rotational angle detector, a throttle gear is fixed to a throttle shaft for rotatably supporting a throttle valve and has a fitting portion at a portion of the throttle gear. The rotational angle detector includes a rotor that is rotatably supported and arranged in the cover in such a way that an axis of the rotor is identical to an axis of the throttle gear, and a lever that is provided at a portion of the rotor, which is faced to the throttle shaft, and engaged to a wall portion of the throttle gear at a portion of the lever.

Abstract: A throttle control device for a saddle-ride type vehicle includes a throttle sensor is disposed in a case at a fixed position to detect an amount of a rotation operation of a throttle grip in accordance with a rotation of a throttle pipe. An operation of an actuator which drives a throttle valve to open and close is controlled by a control unit on the basis of a detected value of the throttle sensor. The throttle control device does not require a cancel switch to cancel an operation of an automatic cruise control device, which in turn reduces the number of parts, allowing size reduction of the case fixed on a bar handle.

Abstract: An engine with two vacuum sources is disclosed. In one example, a valve position is adjusted when engine load is low and intake manifold pressure is low to arbitrate vacuum between the two vacuum sources. The approach may increase engine operating efficiency during at least some conditions.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine, in which at least one first influence variable influences a state variable of the air in the intake manifold. The state variable of the air in the intake manifold is ascertained while taking into account a plurality of influence variables, which influence the state variable, while using a first physical relationship. The same state variable is ascertained while taking into account a plurality of influence variables, which influence the state variable of the air in the intake manifold while using a second physical relationship. A specific adjusting parameter, which represents a specific error in the influence variable, is linked to each influence variable. The adjusting parameters are learned and monitored in the operation of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling an engine via an outlet control device of an intake manifold, such as via variable valve lift operation. The engine may further include an inlet control device, such as an electronic throttle, as well as coordination between the inlet and outlet control devices for controlling airflow in the engine.

Abstract: A throttle valve body includes a main body, a main valve, and a bypass valve. The main body includes intake and bypass passages, a sensor mounting hole, and a bypass valve mounting hole. The main valve divides the intake passage into upstream and downstream portions. The bypass valve divides the bypass passage into upstream and downstream sections that are in fluid communication respectively with the upstream and downstream portions. The sensor mounting hole extends along an axis along which the downstream section extends. The bypass valve mounting hole is in fluid communication with a portion of the bypass passage disposed between the upstream and downstream sections.

Abstract: An intake device for an internal combustion engine includes a casing, a valve, a shaft, and an actuator. The casing defines an intake passage, and the valve is contained in the casing. The shaft supports the valve, and the actuator includes a motor, a speed reduction mechanism, and a transmission mechanism which transmits torque of the motor to the shaft from a gear of the speed reduction mechanism. The transmission mechanism includes first and second connection members which are connected to the gear and the shaft respectively, and an impact absorbing member held between the first and second connection members. The first and second connection members respectively include first and second protrusions, which are alternately arranged in a rotational direction of the transmission mechanism. The impact absorbing member includes compressive deformation parts which are deformable in the rotational direction and are respectively located between adjacent first and second protrusions.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a device for lowering a cost of the throttle body of the carburetor that can be used for both the mechanical governor control device and the electronic governor control device. A bracket 5 on which a stepper motor 7 which opens and closes a throttle valve 6 of a carburetor 2 is provided between adjacent two of an air cleaner 1 arranged in an intake path 12 of the engine, the carburetor 2, a first thermal insulator and the intake path 4 of the engine which together form the intake path 12.

Abstract: An engine includes: a carburetor configured to supply an air-fuel mixture of fuel and air; a crank case defining a crank chamber; a cylinder block which includes: a cylinder bore in which a reciprocable piston is disposed; and an intake port which supplies the air-fuel mixture supplied from the carburetor to the crank chamber; a control valve configured to open and close the intake port; and a controller configured to control the control valve. The controller controls the number of times that the control valve closes the intake port with respect to the number of times that the piston moves up to thereby reduce pressure of the crank chamber.

Abstract: A variable ratio throttle control is disclosed for an off road utility vehicle. The variable ratio throttle control includes a butterfly throttle on a throttle shaft pivotably mounted to a throttle body, a bell crank on the throttle shaft, and a lever extension extending radially from the bell crank to provide an extended lever arm until the butterfly throttle is partially open. A throttle cable is connected between an accelerator pedal and the lever extension, the throttle cable being displaceable by depressing the accelerator pedal to turn the extended lever arm. The lever extension abuts a kick plate once the butterfly throttle is partially open. The butterfly throttle may be fully opened by displacing the throttle cable to turn the bell crank after the lever extension abuts the kick plate.

Abstract: An engine with a two vacuum sources is disclosed. In one example, a valve position is adjusted in when engine load is low and intake manifold pressure is low to arbitrate vacuum between the two vacuum sources. The approach may increase engine operating efficiency during at least some conditions.

Abstract: Provided is a spark ignition type internal combustion engine comprising a variable compression ratio mechanism (A) capable of changing a mechanical compression ratio, and a variable valve timing mechanism (B) capable of controlling the closing timing of an intake valve. At an engine low-load running time, the mechanical compression ratio is made so higher than that at an engine high-load running time that the expansion ratio may be 20 or higher. In case the vacuum in an engine intake passage is lower than the required vacuum, the opening of a throttle valve (17) is reduced, and the valve closing timing of the intake valve is controlled so that the intake air in a quantity according to the engine load may be fed to the inside of a combustion chamber in accordance with the opening of the throttle valve. As a result, a brake booster or the like can be properly activated in the internal combustion engine having its mechanical compression ratio enlarged at the engine low-load running time.

Abstract: An engine control system comprises a driver axle torque request module (DATRM) and a driver axle torque security module (DATSM). The DATRM determines a pedal torque request based on minimum and maximum scaling torques and a torque scalar. The DATRM determines a raw driver torque request. The DATRM selectively shapes raw driver torque request into a final driver torque request. The DATRM converts the final driver torque request into a first axle torque request. The DATSM selectively diagnoses a fault in the first axle torque request based on a minimum engine torque, the minimum scaling torque, a first comparison of the final driver torque request and the redundant final driver torque request, and a second comparison of the first axle torque request and a redundant axle torque request.

Abstract: A system and method of controlling an internal combustion engine are provided. The method may include closing said intake valve at a timing in a first range, which is before a maximum charge closing timing with which an amount of air inducted into said cylinder from said air intake passage would be maximized at a given engine speed, during a cylinder cycle when a desired amount of air to be inducted into said cylinder is less than or equal to a predetermined air amount at the given engine speed. The method may further include closing said intake valve at a timing in a second range, which is after said maximum charge closing timing and separated from said first range during a cylinder cycle, when a desired amount of air to be inducted into said cylinder is greater than said predetermined air amount at the given engine speed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling an internal combustion engine are provided. One example method may include closing an intake valve later during a cylinder cycle than a timing with which an amount of air inducted into a cylinder from an air intake passage would be maximized, and earlier during the cylinder cycle as a desired amount of air to be inducted into the cylinder increases, while an engine is operating at a given engine speed. The method may further include closing the intake valve earlier during a cylinder cycle as the engine speed increases when the desired amount of air to be inducted into the cylinder is at a maximum.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston generator assembly that uses a low-concentration methane as a form of fuel comprises: a lean methane engine; a generator assembly; a fine water mist transmission system; a refrigerating dehydrator; an electric butterfly valve; a pressure regulator; a fuel-air mixer; a TEM controller; a heat load sensor; a combustion chamber for the lean methane engine; an air filter; and a speed governing butterfly valve, wherein the fine water mist transmission system is attached sequentially with the refrigerating dehydrator, electric butterfly valve and low-concentration methane engine; and the pressure regulator, fuel-air mixer, air filter, speed governing butterfly valve, heat load sensors and combustion chambers are installed in the methane engine; that the TEM controller is connected to the fuel-air mixer and heat load sensor; and the generator is connected to the low-concentration methane engine.

Abstract: A housing has an intake passage extending substantially in a vertical direction of a vehicle. A valve is configured to open and close the intake passage. A shaft supports the valve. A bearing supports the shaft. A hose is connected with an upper side of the housing in the vertical direction and configured to lead intake air into the intake passage. A communication passage configured to communicate an inside of an internal combustion engine of the vehicle with the hose. The communication passage has an opening in the vicinity of a point directly above the bearing. The hose has a wall surface defining a condensate passage, which connects the opening with a target location from which condensate is to be dropped.

Abstract: A housing has an intake passage extending substantially in a vertical direction of a vehicle. A valve is configured to open and dose the intake passage. A shaft supports the valve. A bearing supports the shaft. A hose is connected with an upper side of the housing in the vertical direction and configured to lead intake air into the intake passage. A communication passage configured to communicate an inside of an internal combustion engine of the vehicle with the hose. The communication passage has an opening in the vicinity of a point directly above the bearing. The hose has a wall surface defining a condensate passage, which connects the opening with a target location from which condensate is to be dropped.

Abstract: An adjustable restrictor device for controlling flow of induction air into an engine. The restrictor device may comprise a generally flat compact housing which is installed between a carburetor and intake manifold of an engine. The housing may have throughbores to allow air flow, which coincide in location to carburetor bores. The restrictor device may have two individual restrictors enclosed therein, each movable to positions which progressively obstruct and open the throughbores to control flow of inducted air. Each restrictor may be manually controlled in common by a rotatable control shaft. Threading of the knobs may be opposite handed, thereby enabling the restrictors to move similarly in effect as to controlling air flow but in opposite directions.

Abstract: In a first operating mode, as a function of the determined torque request value at least one first final control element is actuated influencing an air path of an engine. Representative of an actual basic torque value, a specific engine characteristic value is determined as a function of which, a filter parameter value is determined such that a torque setpoint value is brought closer to the actual basic torque value. The filter parameter value is saved assigned to the specific characteristic value. In a second operating mode, the filter parameter value is determined as a function of the specific characteristic value and the setpoint torque value is predefined by filtering the driver-requested torque value as a function of the determined parameter value. As a function of the predefined setpoint torque value, at least one second final control element is actuated which influences the drive system torque outside the air path.

Abstract: An engine with a two vacuum sources is disclosed. In one example, a valve position is adjusted in when engine load is low and intake manifold pressure is low to arbitrate vacuum between the two vacuum sources. The approach may increase engine operating efficiency during at least some conditions.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for controlling a throttle valve and an EGR valve in internal combustion engine. The method includes, the steps of measuring an actual fresh mass air flow value entering the engine, determining an exhaust oxygen concentration set point indicative of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust manifold, calculating an air reference value as a function of the exhaust oxygen concentration set point ([O2]spEM) and determining an oxygen concentration feedback value representative of the oxygen concentration in the engine. The method further includes, but is not limited to the steps of obtaining a position information for the throttle valve by comparing the actual fresh mass air flow value and air reference value and obtaining a position information for the EGR valve by comparing the oxygen concentration feedback value and oxygen concentration set point. The method also includes the steps of controlling the throttle valve and the EGR valve according to the position information.

Abstract: The invention provides a throttle valve control apparatus of an internal combustion engine having at least a first cylinder group (B1) and a second cylinder group (B2). A first throttle valve (S1) is arranged in an intake passage (31) of the first cylinder group and a second throttle valve (S2) is arranged in an intake passage (32) of the second cylinder group. The throttle valve control apparatus includes a controller that, when there is a demand to switch a combustion air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine without changing engine output, first changes an opening amount of the first throttle valve, and then changes an opening amount of the second throttle valve.

Abstract: An air intake control system is provided for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle. The control system includes an intake port of a cylinder head for an engine main body, a throttle body having a throttle valve and connected to the intake port, an electric actuator having an electric motor and arranged on the throttle body to drive open or close the throttle valve, and a connector disposed on a housing of the electric actuator in a position facing toward one axial end of a crankshaft. The connector is provided in order to connect to an outside conductor to the electric motor of the electric actuator. The resulting configuration facilitates the work to connecting the outside conductor to the connector.

Abstract: Engine systems have two or more internal combustion power units. The units are connected to deliver power by way of freewheeling mechanisms so that one of the power units may be stopped or idled while one or more other power units continues to supply power. A control system is configured to shut an air shut off valve and/or disable an ignition and/or fuel injection system to shut down an auxiliary one of the power units.

Abstract: A method device for controlling a suction pressure of an internal combustion engine, particularly a diesel engine having an exhaust gas turbocharger. The compressor is connected to a suction line of the internal combustion engine via an actuating section having an actuating element for changing a cross-section of the actuating section. In the first step, the current suction pressure in the suction line of the internal combustion engine is determined. A compressor pressure of the compressor is determined by pressure sensors and compared to the suction pressure. Values corresponding to current operating data of the internal combustion engine are identified and an actuation signal is generated using a controller, based on the comparison; and changing the cross-section of the actuating section is adjusted by adjusting the actuating element using the actuating signals.

Abstract: Engine synchronization apparatus and system for multi-engine vehicles such as boats and aircraft providing limited authority throttle cable trim effected by an apparatus interposed between the throttle plate and throttle cable of a slave engine and mounted in a floating configuration. An actuator is mounted to the apparatus to trim the distance between the throttle plate and throttle cable attachment thereby trimming the throttle cable. A system is provided in which a difference signal derived from master and slave engine tachometer signals is used to control the actuator and synchronize the engines within a predetermined range.

Abstract: An engine with a two vacuum sources is disclosed. In one example, a valve position is adjusted in when engine load is low and intake manifold pressure is low to arbitrate vacuum between the two vacuum sources. The approach may increase engine operating efficiency during at least some conditions.

Abstract: An engine speed control device includes an engine speed control lever that generates an engine speed instruction and a device for delivering the indicative information on the actual engine speed. An actuator applies a mechanical force on the lever according to the difference between the instruction and the indicative information on the actual engine speed.

Abstract: In an engine controller capable of carrying out spark ignition type combustion and compressed self-ignition type combustion, in order to suppress operation performance deterioration and exhaust performance deterioration at the time of switching a combustion mode from the compressed self-ignition type combustion to the spark ignition type combustion, intake pipe pressure downstream a throttle is quickly reduced by making the throttle opening degree smaller than a target throttle opening degree of the spark ignition type combustion immediately after switching for a certain period during the combustion mode is switched from the compressed self-ignition type combustion to the spark ignition type combustion. As a result, responsiveness of an intake amount at the time of switching the combustion mode from the compressed self-ignition type combustion to the spark ignition type combustion is enhanced, and combustion switching without exhaust deterioration and torque variation is realized.

Abstract: A system and method are described for operating an engine of a vehicle, the engine having a combustion chamber. In one example, the method may include controlling a stability of the vehicle in response to a vehicle acceleration; and adjusting dilution in the combustion chamber of the engine to reduce surge in response to the vehicle acceleration. The dilution may be adjusted by adjusting cam timing, for example.

Abstract: Angle sensor device has magnetic force detectors detecting alternation of magnetic force caused by rotation of a throttle gear. The magnetic force detectors are buried in a molded body of the angle sensor device constructed of foamed resin. The magnetic force detectors each has a sensing unit detecting alteration of magnetic force and a computing unit computing based on signals from the sensing unit and outputting signals depending on the alteration of magnetic force and is formed in L-shape. Two of the magnetic force detectors are placed opposite each other such that one of the sensing units is disposed on the other sensing unit. The molded body has a cavity surrounded by the magnetic force detectors.

Abstract: An electronically-controlled throttle valve control device may include a coil spring that is engaged with a throttle body and a rotating body to bias a throttle valve in a fully opening direction and a fully closing direction, a spring guide that is provided to the rotating body and is capable of supporting the coil spring from inside, and an opener member that is provided to the rotating body and is biased by the coil spring in the fully opening direction or the fully closing direction. The coil spring includes a first coiled portion that is capable of biasing the throttle valve in a first direction, a second coiled portion that is capable of biasing the throttle valve in a second direction, and an intermediate coiled portion that is positioned between the first and second coiled portions. The coil spring is formed such that a central axis of the intermediate coiled portion is displaced radially outwardly relative to a central axis of the first coiled portion.

Abstract: In an apparatus for controlling a speed of an internal combustion engine installed in an outboard motor and having an actuator connected to a throttle valve of the engine to open and close the throttle valve, and up/down command signal outputting devices that output an up/down command signal to increase/decrease the engine speed when manipulated by an operator, the engine speed is controlled to change in response to the up or down command signal with an engine speed change amount per unit time made different depending on whether the detected engine speed exceeds a reference speed or not, thereby enabling to finely and precisely control the engine speed in the low speed range, while facilitating speed regulation.

Abstract: Provided is an engine capable of activating a catalyst in an exhaust purifying apparatus during low-temperature ignition. The engine (101) comprises a main engine body provided with a plurality of cylinders (6a-6f), an exhaust purifying apparatus comprising an oxidation catalyst (31) provided to a fuel injection apparatus (14) for injecting fuel into the cylinders (6a-6f) and to the main engine body exhaust path, and a controller (50) for adjusting the fuel injection amount and fuel injection timing by the fuel injection apparatus (14), wherein during the low temperature ignition of the engine (101) that performs a cylinder cut-off operation for cutting off the injection of fuel into specified cylinders (6a-6c), the controller (50) injects fuel at least one time at or after the top dead center within a single combustion cycle of the operating cylinders (6d-6f) other than the specified cylinders.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine calculates a provisional target value of the throttle opening in accordance with an accelerator pedal travel, upon detection of a sudden operation of the accelerator pedal. The system also calculates a target pressure change in the surge tank according to the provisional target value, on the basis of the actual surge tank pressure and the cylinder intake mass airflow, using a virtual intake system model. The control system sets a target throttle opening in accordance with the surge tank pressure and the cylinder intake mass airflow, so as to provide the target pressure change under a condition of the actual surge tank volume.

Abstract: In a method for controlling an internal combustion engine comprising an intake pipe and a throttle valve that is arranged therein, the pressure in the intake pipe is regulated by modifying the opening angle of the throttle valve, and the desired pressure value is adjusted when the valve lift of the internal combustion engine changes. An apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine has a mechanism for regulating the intake pipe pressure, the mechanism allowing the opening angle of the throttle valve to be influenced as a controlled variable. In addition, at least one device is provided for changing the valve lift of the internal combustion engine while a device is provided for adjusting the desired pressure value to the valve lift.

Abstract: In a gas turbine aeroengine control system, in Ch-A (first control channel), a first CPU monitors the operation of a second CPU and the second CPU monitors the operation of the first CPU; in Ch-B (second control channel), third and fourth CPUs similarly monitor each other, and when the operation of at least one of the first and second CPUs in Ch-A is found not to be normal, the output sent to an FCU (fuel control unit) is switched from the output of one or the other of the first and second CPUs of Ch-A to the output of one or the other of the third and fourth CPUs of Ch-B, thereby achieving improved CPU failure detection and realizing high redundancy and high reliability.

Abstract: The control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a throttle opening learning value calculation unit for calculating a throttle opening learning value based on a deviation between a target throttle opening and a learning throttle opening, controls the throttle opening by a learning corrected target throttle opening obtained by correcting the target throttle opening with the throttle opening learning value, and updates and stores a real-time learning value and a long time learning value based on a magnitude relation between values respectively obtained by adding the long time learning value to throttle openings respectively indicated by two effective opening area axis points of a correlation map, between which lies an actual effective opening area, and an actual throttle opening when the throttle opening learning value composed of the real-time learning value and the long time learning value is to be calculated.

Abstract: An engine control system and method for controlling engine air flow during a deceleration fuel cut includes an internal combustion engine, an anti-lock braking system (ABS), and an electronic control unit (ECU) that controls the engine. The ECU establishes a desired air flow rate for the internal combustion engine, which is taken from an ABS failed condition look-up table when determined that the ABS has failed while the engine is in a deceleration fuel cut mode, and otherwise is taken from a normal condition look-up table.

Abstract: A radial pulsed rotary engine a rotor mounted for rotation between two parallel circular discs and creates pulsed focused fuel/air mixture ignitions sequentially within many wedge shaped chambers of a flat circular rotor. The rotor has a number of wedge shaped chambers that are defined by a number of rotor partitions that extend from positions near the center of the rotor to positions at or near the outer periphery of the rotor and are sequentially in communication with a fuel/air supply, defined by one of the disks, and an outer peripheral portion that is sequentially in communication with exhaust discharge openings that are defined by a housing within which the rotor is positioned. Spark plugs are mounted to the housing and fire sequentially in response to the position of the rotor within the housing.

Abstract: A device for detecting the angle of rotation of a throttle valve operated by an electric motor is disclosed. The valve is rotatably supported on a throttle valve shaft in an intake system of a throttle valve housing, wherein an actuator motor coupled to the throttle valve shaft predefines the throttle valve angular position in a manner controlled by a control unit, and wherein a predetermined value of the throttle valve angular position is predetermined by a manually operated predetermined-value input apparatus and is fed to the control unit. The predetermined-value input apparatus is coupled to a predetermined value sensor shaft, wherein the angular position of the predetermined value sensor shaft corresponds to the manually predefined predetermined value of the throttle valve angular position.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with a variable valve train capable of altering opening and closing timings and/or opening amounts of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is characterized in that the internal combustion engine is further provided with a negative pressure mechanism that operates using intake pipe negative pressure generated in an intake passage of the internal combustion engine, a throttle valve for adjusting the flow rate of intake air flowing through the intake passage, and negative pressure generating device that controls at least one of the variable valve train and the throttle valve to generate the intake pipe negative pressure, when the intake pipe negative pressure for operation of the negative pressure mechanism is insufficient.