Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes: a fuel injection valve injecting fuel; an intake timing varying mechanism controlling the opening/closing of an intake valve provided at an intake port; and an exhaust timing varying mechanism controlling the opening/closing of an exhaust valve provided at an exhaust port. When a request has been made to reduce a fuel wet amount, which is a quantity of fuel adhering to a wall surface of the internal combustion engine facing to an injection field where fuel is injected, in the startup of the internal combustion engine, the control device executes wet reduction control. In the wet reduction control, at least one of the intake timing varying mechanism or the exhaust timing varying mechanism is controlled so as to reduce the fuel wet amount by a counterflow blowing back toward the intake port.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, fuel injection is stopped to automatically stop the engine when automatic stop conditions are met. The engine is started in response to a request to restart the engine while an engine speed is decreasing due to an automatic stoppage by resuming fuel injection if the engine speed is equal to or greater than a combustion recoverable rotational speed threshold, and by using an electric motor if the engine speed is less than the combustion recoverable rotational speed threshold. When the engine speed of the internal combustion engine falls below the combustion recoverable rotational speed threshold while the engine speed is decreasing due to an automatic stoppage, an amount of air entering cylinders is reduced to be less than before the engine speed fell below the combustion recoverable rotational speed threshold.

Abstract: A method of controlling an engine is provided, which includes setting, by a controller, a target torque of the engine in a specific cycle in the future by a given delay time from the present time based on a present accelerator opening. The method includes selecting beforehand, by the controller, combustion in the specific cycle according to the target torque, from flame propagation combustion and compressed self-ignition combustion. The method includes outputting, by the controller, a control signal to a property adjusting device before the specific cycle so that a property inside the cylinder in the specific cycle becomes a property corresponding to the selected combustion. The method includes estimating, by the controller, the property at a timing when an intake valve is closed in the specific cycle. The method includes outputting, by the controller, a control signal corresponding to the estimated property to a spark plug or an injector.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine of a drive system for a motor vehicle, the internal combustion engine being designed for operation using various types of fuel, has the following steps: querying operating parameters of fuel-relevant functions of the drive system by means of a central fuel coordination device of a central engine coordination device, determining possible types of fuel for operating the internal combustion engine, based on the queried operating parameters and predefined fuel release conditions, by means of the central fuel coordination device, selecting a type of fuel for operating the internal combustion engine, based on the determined possible types of fuel and at least one predefined selection criterion, by means of the central fuel coordination device, transmitting information identifying the selected type of fuel from the central fuel coordination device to a central engine control unit of the central engine coordination device, and operating the internal combustion engi

Abstract: Disclosed is an artificial intelligence apparatus for controlling an auto stop function.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a fuel injection valve that injects fuel into a combustion chamber and an ignition plug that ignites an air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. A control device of the internal combustion engine includes an electronic control unit configured to, when a cold-starting of the internal combustion engine is started, execute a plurality of fuel injections into each cylinder in one cycle, after the cold-starting of the internal combustion engine is started, retard a timing of an ignition by the ignition plug in each cylinder, and after the timing of the ignition by the ignition plug is retarded, decrease the number of fuel injections into each cylinder in one cycle according to the retardation of the ignition timing by the ignition plug.

Abstract: In at least some implementations, a method of controlling a fuel-to-air ratio of a fuel and air mixture supplied to an engine, includes the steps of determining an engine deceleration event, determining the number of engine revolutions required for the engine speed to decrease from one speed threshold to another speed threshold, comparing the number of engine revolutions determined above against a revolution threshold, and making the fuel and air mixture richer if the number of engine revolutions determined above is greater than the revolution threshold. The method may also include determining if, before the engine stabilized at a stable engine speed (which may be an engine idle speed), the engine speed decreased below the stable engine speed as the engine decelerated to the stable engine speed from a speed above the stable engine speed, and making the fuel and air mixture leaner if the determination is affirmative.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for estimating ethanol content in fuel, water content in fuel, and an age of the fuel in a vehicle engine. In one example, a method may include estimating fuel ethanol content, water content, or fuel age based on fuel rail temperature, and two or more of a resonant frequency (f) of pressure pulsations, a change in fuel rail pressure (?p), and a damping coefficient (?) of pressure pulsations in the fuel rail as estimated after a fuel injection or a pump stroke. One or more engine operating parameters may be adjusted based on the estimated fuel ethanol content, water content, and fuel age.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a compression-ignition type engine is applied to an engine capable of carrying out partial compression ignition combustion in which an air-fuel mixture is subjected to CI combustion by self-ignition. The control apparatus creates a lean A/F environment where an air-fuel ratio as a ratio between air and fuel in a cylinder exceeds 20 and is lower than 35, or a lean G/F environment where a gas air-fuel ratio as a ratio between entire gas and the fuel in the cylinder exceeds 18 and is lower than 50 and the air-fuel ratio substantially matches a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Prior to planned timing of the CI combustion, in the lean A/F environment or the lean G/F environment, the control apparatus causes an ignition plug to generate a spark and to generate a high-temperature portion.

Abstract: A transfer case is disclosed that includes an input shaft, a primary output shaft, a secondary output shaft, a gear reduction mechanism that selectively couples the input shaft to the primary output shaft in a high range and a low range, a secondary torque transfer mechanism that operates to selectively couple the primary output shaft to the secondary output shaft to engage a four-wheel drive mode, and an actuation mechanism that operates the gear reduction mechanism and the secondary torque transfer mechanism. The actuation mechanism includes a gear plate with an integral target pattern that is rotatable through a plurality of positions corresponding to states of the gear reduction mechanism and the secondary torque transfer, as well as a sensor that is adapted and positioned to read the target pattern to in each of the positions of the gear plate.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel injection control device capable of improving detection accuracy of a singular point with respect to a characteristic of the fuel injection valve to be equal to or higher than an original time resolution of the A/D conversion, and capable of accurately detecting the singular point. A variable control part 24 variably controls a conversion timing of the A/D conversion part 221 such that the conversion timing of A/D conversion for physical quantity data related to driving of the fuel injection valve 10 is relatively changed, the A/D conversion part 221 acquires a plurality of time series data by performing A/D conversion on the physical quantity data at a conversion timing before change and at a conversion timing after change by the variable control part 24, and a detection part 223 detects a singular point with respect to the characteristic of the fuel injection valve 10 based on the plurality of time series data.

Abstract: A fuel injector controller is disclosed. The fuel injector controller may determine respective values of a set of parameters of the engine; process, using a neural network, the respective values to determine a target fuel output of a fuel injector, wherein the neural network is configured to determine the target fuel output based on the set of parameters being an input layer of the neural network; determine, based on an output of the neural network, the target fuel output; and provide the determined target fuel output to the fuel injector to permit the fuel injector to inject fuel according to the target fuel output.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for catalyst control. In one example, a method may modulate a downstream catalyst by applying a square waveform to an outer feedback control loop. A fuel adjustment is performed in accordance with the square waveform to create an air-fuel ratio oscillation at an upstream catalyst brick and at a downstream catalyst brick.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for conducting engine related diagnostics during cylinder cutoff (DCCO) operation of an engine are described. In one aspect, changes in the amount of oxygen in the exhaust system are monitored while the engine is operating in the DCCO mode. Changes in the oxygen level are then analyzed to determine various faults. Some of the faults that can be detected using this approach include cylinder deactivation faults and exhaust system leak faults. In another aspect, the rate of change of manifold pressure within the air intake manifold is monitored while operating the engine in a DCCO mode with the throttle closed. A fault indicative of potential air leakage into the air intake manifold is indicated when it is determined that the rate of change of the manifold pressure exceeds a designated threshold.

Abstract: A fuel passage leads a fuel from a pressure-accumulation vessel to a nozzle hole of a fuel injection valve. A fuel pressure sensor detects a fuel pressure in a fuel passage. An estimation device is applicable to a combustion system, which includes these components, and includes a mixing acquisition unit and an injection amount estimation unit. The mixing acquisition unit acquires the mixing ratio of various components contained in the fuel used for combustion in the internal combustion engine. The injection amount estimation unit estimates an injection amount of the fuel from the nozzle hole according to a change mode of the fuel pressure, which is detected with the fuel pressure sensor and associated with injection of the fuel from a nozzle hole, and the mixing ratio acquired with the mixing acquisition unit.

Abstract: At the start of the engine, when the temperature of the catalyst is less than the activation temperature, control for activating the catalyst (i.e., activation control) is performed. In the activation control, the first and second discharge actions of the ignition apparatuses are controlled. The first discharge action is performed to ignite the mixed gas in the cylinder. The second discharge action is performed to generate ozone. The first discharge action is performed immediately after the start of the cranking. The first discharge action is performed in the crank angle section at the retard side rather than the compression TDC. The first discharge action is performed in every cylinder. The second discharge action is performed before the start of the cranking. The second discharge action is performed in the other cylinder except for the initial combustion cylinder.

Abstract: An ignition performance increasing method of an automobile may include inputting a crank position sensor signal to detect a rotational position of a crankshaft of an engine, generating an engine angle tick, acquiring an engine synchronization by determining a position of the crankshaft and a position of a cam, setting a sync task at a specified position, and performing fuel injection and ignition.

Abstract: Methods for indicating whether a crankcase of an engine is breeched are provided. One example method comprises restricting a communication of the crankcase with atmosphere, acting to increase or decrease a crankcase pressure, and indicating whether the crankcase is breeched based on the crankcase pressure. Another example method comprises sensing a crankcase pressure component, and indicating whether the crankcase is breeched based on the crankcase pressure component, the crankcase communicating with atmosphere via a conduit, a restrictedness of the conduit responsive to one or more of a crankcase pressure and a signal from an electronic control unit of the motor vehicle. Still other examples provide more particular methods for indicating whether the crankcase is breeched, and example configurations that enable the various methods.

Abstract: An apparatus for assessment of a fluid system includes a scaffold housing with a plurality of internal cavities; a debris monitor module assembly to be selectively inserted into a first cavity of the plurality of internal cavities, the debris monitor module assembly to determine wear debris information in a lubricant; a lubricant condition monitor module assembly to be selectively inserted into a second cavity of the plurality of internal cavities, the lubricant condition monitor module assembly to determine lubricant condition information in the lubricant; and a processing module assembly that is configured to be selectively inserted into a third cavity of the plurality of internal cavities, the processing module assembly to provide communication to an external interface of at least one of the wear debris information and the lubricant condition information.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a control device for an internal combustion engine capable of appropriately controlling compression ratio and ignition timing before the target compression ratio that is set according to humidity is attained.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for diagnosing a humidity sensor positioned in an intake system of a vehicle engine system. In one example, a method comprises rotating an engine unfueled in reverse and injecting a fluid into an exhaust system of the engine system, to draw the fluid into the intake system, where a humidity sensor output signal greater than a baseline output signal by a predetermined threshold is indicative of a humidity sensor that is functioning as desired. In this way, a humidity sensor may be periodically rationalized which may prolong engine lifetime by ensuring the engine is operating at optimal parameters.

Abstract: A control device of an internal combustion engine includes an estimating means adapted to estimate an amount of a mixture of fuel and oil dispersing according to a movement of a piston within a cylinder; and a limiting means adapted to limit an upper limit torque (UT) of an internal combustion engine according to the estimated amount of the mixture.

Abstract: A method of phasing the opening and closing of internal combustion engine intake and exhaust valves relative to the rotation of the crankshaft is based upon changes in engine speed, engine load and ambient relative humidity. During certain conditions of higher humidity, in order to maintain good combustion stability and thus overall engine operation, it is necessary to reduce intake and exhaust valve overlap by adjusting the phase of the intake and exhaust camshafts. This is achieved by utilizing a set of cam position reference values and constraints based upon engine speed, engine load and humidity that are contained in lookup tables that adjust and limit cam position and valve overlap. Generally speaking, in order to maintain optimum engine performance, intake and exhaust valve overlap is reduced with higher ambient humidity and vice versa.

Abstract: A method for controlling a marine engine for propelling a marine vessel includes receiving user input as a user input device to control acceleration of a marine vessel, detecting a rapid acceleration command based on the user input, and determining an advanced spark timing based on at least one of engine speed and engine load, wherein the advanced spark timing adjusts a base spark time by a spark advance offset. A fuel increase is then determined based on the spark advance offset, and then an increased fuel injection amount is determined by increasing a base fuel injection amount by the fuel increase. Spark and fuel delivery are then controlled for one or more cylinders of the marine engine based on the advanced spark timing and the increased fuel injection amount.

Abstract: A control methodology and apparatus for an engine suitable for use in capacitor discharge ignition systems for internal combustion engines or brushless DC motors is provided, which make use of a simple logic block to determine for instance an ignition timing advance angle or duty cycle signal based on actual engine speed versus engine control parameter data stored in a table, which is a read-only memory, preferably configurable. To minimize memory space, a small number of values of engine control parameter versus engine speed are stored in the table and the logic block determines the required engine control signal for a measured value of engine speed by an interpolation process, preferably linear interpolation.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine in an idle mode, in which an ignition angle and/or an air quantity of the internal combustion engine is influenced and/or is modified as a function of an idle rotation speed of the internal combustion engine. The ignition angle and/or the air quantity and/or a fuel quantity for at least one combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is modified as a function of at least one variable characterizing a combustion event in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A system, method, and engine control module for energy ignition management of a combustion engine. The method may be performed by the system or the engine control module. The method includes determining operating conditions of the combustion engine, setting ignition energy characteristics for a dedicated EGR cylinder and a non-dedicated EGR cylinder based on the operating conditions. The ignition energy characteristics include at least one of magnitude of energy, current, voltage, and ignition energy duration. At least one characteristic of the ignition energy characteristics for the non-dedicated EGR cylinder is different than a corresponding characteristic for the dedicated EGR cylinder. The method also includes energizing ignition aid plugs based on the ignition energy characteristics.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for monitoring air/fuel imbalance in cylinders of an engine. In one example method, air/fuel ratio of a cylinder is modulated to produce a series of rich, lean, and stoichiometric conditions in the cylinder and corresponding crank accelerations are measured to calculate a peak function indicating an air/fuel ratio in the cylinder. The peak function is calculated over a plurality of modulations to provide a more reliable computation of the air/fuel ratio of the cylinder and its deviation from a pre-determined air/fuel ratio.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an electronic controller programmed to determine, for at least one combustion event in a combustion chamber, a theoretical polytropic constant, a measured polytropic constant, and a difference between the theoretical polytropic constant and the measured polytropic constant. The electronic controller is further programmed to calculate an adjusted pressure signal based on the pressure signal and the difference such that the adjusted pressure signal compensates for changes to an accuracy of the pressure sensor over time.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for controlling fuel injection in an engine equipped with a dual injector system including a port injector and a direct injector. A ratio of port injected fuel to direct injected fuel is adjusted based at least on intake valve temperature. The proportion of fuel port injected into a cylinder is increased as the intake valve temperature for the given cylinder increases to improve fuel vaporization in the intake port.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine is provided, which can carry out favorable injection amount feedback control even when a fuel property changes. A cylinder internal pressure sensor (16) that detects a cylinder internal pressure is included. A cylinder internal fresh air amount is calculated based on the cylinder internal pressure detected by the cylinder internal pressure sensor (16) (100). Based on the cylinder internal pressure detected by the cylinder internal pressure sensor (16), an actual heating value is calculated (120). From the calculated cylinder internal fresh air amount, a target heating value in a predetermined excess air ratio is calculated (150). A comparison value of the actual heating value and the target heating value is fed back to a fuel injection amount so that the calculated actual heating value corresponds to the target heating value (160, 170).

Abstract: A method for determining cylinder blow-through air via engine volumetric efficiency is disclosed. In one example, the method provides a way to adjust cylinder blow-through to promote and control a reaction in an exhaust after treatment device. The approach may simplify cylinder blow-through calculations and improve engine emissions via providing improved control of constituents reaching an exhaust after treatment device.

Abstract: An engine system may include a fuel and air supply circuit and an exhaust circuit, a temperature sensor mounted on an exterior of the engine and an oxygen sensor located in the exhaust circuit. The fuel and air supply circuit may include a throttle body mounted on the engine and having a throttle valve to control the flow rate of air delivered to the engine, a fuel injector carried by the throttle body to deliver fuel to the engine and a fuel rail carried by at least one of the throttle body and the fuel injector and having an input to receive a supply of fuel and an outlet through which fuel is routed to the fuel injector. An engine control unit may be communicated with these components to control the fuel and air mixture provided to the engine as a function of the temperature and oxygen sensor outputs.

Abstract: To prevent particle emissions, the start of injection of an internal combustion engine is controlled as a function of a detected dynamics of an operating parameter of the internal combustion engine. The dynamics is detected by comparing the temporal change of the operating parameter to a threshold value. The control may be carried out such that, in particular, a value of the start of injection, determined with the aid of a regulation, is frozen for a specific holding period following the detection of the dynamics.

Abstract: A method of operating a vehicle powertrain system where the powertrain system includes a fuel controlled engine, an electric motor, and a battery, the fuel, controlled engine and the electric motor capable of powering the powertrain system. The powertrain system is capable of operating in a plurality of operational modes. The method includes detecting a current value representative of a current flowing through a portion of the battery, calculating a first value representative of the current over a predetermined amount of time, and de-rating at least one of the plurality of operational modes in response to the calculated first value.

Abstract: A control unit is provided for fuel supply regulation during a cold-running phase of an internal combustion engine, that includes, but is not limited to an input port for inputting a combustion signal about the presence of a rich or lean combustion of a fuel mixture in the internal combustion engine, a P-element for providing a P-manipulated variable, which sets a fuel reduction upon the presence of a rich combustion and sets a fuel increase upon the presence of a lean combustion, an I-element for providing an I-manipulated variable, which sets a fuel increase, and an output port for controlling a fuel supply, the P-manipulated variable and the I-manipulated variable substantially offsetting one another during the cold-running phase upon the presence of a rich combustion in the stationary state.

Abstract: A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes an ignition timing determination module, an injection timing determination module, a spark control module, and a fuel control module. The ignition timing determination module determines a first crank angle. The injection timing determination module selectively determines a second crank angle based on the first crank angle. The spark control module controls a spark plug to generate spark in a cylinder of an engine at the first crank angle. The fuel control module controls a fuel injector to deliver fuel to the cylinder at the second crank angle.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for correcting an EGR rate determined based on an intake manifold oxygen sensor based on an air-fuel ratio of EGR. The output of the sensor is corrected to compensate for extra fuel in rich EGR or extra air in lean EGR and used to reliably estimate the EGR rate. One or more engine operating parameters are adjusted based on an uncorrected output of the sensor.

Abstract: A direct-injection internal combustion engine includes an intake camshaft with a low-lift intake cam and a high-lift intake cam, a variable lift control for selectively operating an intake valve in one of a low-lift intake valve profile with the low-lift intake cam and a high-lift intake valve profile with the high-lift intake cam, a variable cam phase control operative on the intake camshaft for simultaneously controlling the phase of the low-lift intake cam and the high-lift intake cam, an ignition spark control, a fuel injection control, an exhaust gas recirculation control, and an intake throttle control.

Abstract: Methods and systems for adjusting a plurality of fuel injections supplied to a cylinder during a cycle of the cylinder are described. In one example, fuel amounts are moved between fuel injections in response to combustion phase. Engine feedgas hydrocarbons and/or carbonaceous particulate matter may be reduced when cetane of combusted fuel changes.

Abstract: Method for cold starting an internal combustion engine operating with an ethanol fuel, with ignition controlled by a control unit including a basic ignition advance map determined for a given engine, includes the following steps applied to at least one combustion chamber in contact with a piston connected to a drive shaft: determining the engine temperature; rotating the drive shaft; phasing the engine; ensuring the fuel pressure exceeds a determined threshold for injection; injecting fuel for a first operational engine cycle after phasing; below a determined engine temperature, increasing, in the first operational cycle, the advance of the first ignition point before the compression top dead centre for gases in the cylinder, with respect to the advance map, by a value between 21° and 50°; controlling a first ignition point according to advance map based on the cycle following the first cycle.

Abstract: When preignition is detected, and an engine speed is less than a predetermined value (Nex), an air/fuel ratio is enriched (S22), and then, when the preignition is detected even after enriching the air/fuel ratio, an effective compression ratio of an engine is reduced (S23), whereafter, when the preignition is detected even after reducing the effective compression ratio, a part of injection fuel is injected in a compression stroke (S24). On the other hand, when preignition is detected, and an engine speed is equal to or greater than the predetermined value (Nex), the air/fuel ratio is enriched (S31), and then, when the preignition is detected even after enriching the air/fuel ratio, a part of the fuel is injected in the compression stroke (S32). This makes it possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of preignition while maximally avoiding deterioration in emission performance and lowering in engine power output.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling exhaust emissions by adjusting an injection profile for fuel injected into an engine cylinder from a plurality of fuel injectors during engine start and crank. By splitting injection of fuel during start so that a portion of fuel is port injected and a remaining portion is direct injected as one or multiple injections, the soot load of the engine can be reduced and fuel economy can be improved. The injections are adjusted based on the alcohol content of the injected fuel to take advantage of the charge cooling properties of the fuel.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling exhaust emissions by adjusting an injection profile for different fuels injected into an engine cylinder from different fuel injectors during engine start and crank. By splitting fuel injection during start and cranking so that fuel of lower alcohol content is port injected and fuel of higher alcohol content is direct injected as one or multiple injections, the soot load of the engine can be reduced and fuel economy can be improved.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control device the present invention provides is a control device that can realize both of request torque and a request A/F for each of cylinder groups with high precision, even when the request A/F differs at each of the cylinder groups. The present control device sets a reference A/F within a range from the leanest A/F to the richest A/F out of the request A/Fs to the respective cylinder groups. The present control device calculates a target air quantity for realizing the request torque under the reference A/F, based on data that defines a relation between engine output torque and an air quantity in relation to an A/F. The present control device controls a throttle opening in accordance with the target air quantity, and controls fuel injection amounts of the respective cylinders in accordance with the request A/F s to the respective cylinder groups.

Abstract: Methods are provided for controlling an engine in response to a pre-ignition event. A pre-ignition threshold and a pre-ignition mitigating action are adjusted based on a rate of change of cylinder aircharge. As a result, pre-ignition events occurring during transient engine operating conditions are detected and addressed different from pre-ignition events occurring during steady-state engine operating conditions.

Abstract: An engine controlling apparatus includes an idle speed setting unit that sets a target idle speed upon idling of an engine mounted on a vehicle, and a target torque setting unit that sets a target torque in response to the target idle speed. The apparatus further includes an ignition timing controlling unit that controls an ignition timing and an intake air amount controlling unit that controls an intake air amount, and a steering angle detection unit that detects a steering angle. The apparatus further includes a torque value setting unit that sets a torque value in response to the steering angle. The intake air amount controlling unit controls the intake air amount in response to both the target torque and the torque value. The ignition timing controlling unit controls the ignition timing so that the engine outputs the target torque.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method of detecting and inhibiting an abnormal combustion event in an internal combustion engine, comprising operating the internal combustion engine to produce exhaust gas from the cylinder at a break mean effective pressure greater than or equal to 10 bars at a speed less than or equal to 2,000 revolutions per minute; monitoring the exhaust gas from the cylinder with an oxygen sensor while the internal combustion engine undergoes a pre-ignition combustion event; obtaining an output from the oxygen sensor, the output from the oxygen sensor providing an indicator of the pre-ignition combustion event; and adjusting at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine in response to the output of the oxygen sensor, wherein the at least one operating parameter is adjusted to inhibit an occurrence of a subsequent pre-ignition combustion event.

Abstract: A spark-ignition direct injection engine is provided. The engine includes an engine body, a fuel injection valve, a fuel pressure setting mechanism, an ignition plug, and a controller. The controller switches between a compression-ignition mode where the engine body is operated to perform compression-ignition combustion and a spark-ignition mode where the engine body is operated to perform spark-ignition combustion. Immediately after switching from the spark-ignition mode to the compression-ignition mode, the controller operates the engine body in a compression-ignition initial mode where the fuel pressure is set to be 30 MPa or above and the fuel injection valve is controlled to perform the fuel injection in a period from a late stage of the compression stroke to an early stage of the expansion stroke so that the gas mixture self-ignites to combust.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for improving fuel usage while addressing knock by adjusting the use of spark retard and direct injection of a knock control fluid based on engine operating conditions and the composition of the injected fluid. One or more engine parameters, such as EGR, VCT, boost, throttle position, and CMCV, are coordinated with the direct injection to reduce torque and EGR transients.