Abstract: A two-stroke engine has an intake arrangement including a carburetor. An intake channel divides into a mixture channel and an air channel. An intermediate flange is mounted between the carburetor and the cylinder. This flange has a carburetor connecting surface, which faces toward the carburetor, and a cylinder connecting surface which faces toward the cylinder. Referred to the flow direction in the intake channel, the air channel divides upstream of the cylinder connecting surface into two branches. The first branch has a first longitudinal center axis and the second branch has a second longitudinal center axis. The intersect points of the center axes with the connecting surfaces are mutually connected via an imaginary connecting line in the carburetor connecting surface or the cylinder connecting surface. The two connecting lines conjointly define an angle ? in the carburetor connecting surface with this angle being greater than 0°.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a cylinder (2) wherein a combustion chamber (3) is formed which is delimited by a piston (5) journalled to move back and forth. At least one transfer channel (14) is provided which connects the crankcase (4) of the engine to the combustion chamber (3) in at least one position of the piston (5). The engine has a supply channel (13) which opens with a supply channel inlet (11) at the cylinder bore (34). The supply channel (13) is connected to the transfer channel (14) via at least one piston pocket (22, 42) in at least one position of the piston (5). In order to achieve low exhaust-gas values of the engine, the piston pocket (22, 42) has a distance (a) to a lower edge (27) of the transfer window (15) which is less than the distance (b) to a lower edge (26) of the inlet (11) of the supply channel at bottom dead center of the piston (5).

Abstract: A control apparatus of an engine having a compression ignition combustion mode and a spark ignition combustion mode selects the spark ignition combustion mode when operation conditions fall within a spark ignition operation area set in a spark ignition operation area/compression ignition operation area setting map memory part and selects the compression ignition combustion mode when the operation conditions fall within a switching stable area set in the memory part upon operation by the spark ignition combustion mode. The control apparatus controls to continue the compression ignition combustion mode as long as the operation conditions fall within a compression ignition operation area set in the memory part upon operation by the compression ignition combustion mode.

Abstract: A four-stroke internal combustion engine for the otto and diesel cycle, characterized by incorporating a valve distribution for engines that use one or more ports near Bottom Dead Center. The four-stroke internal combustion engine comprises one or more cylinders each with a piston movable therein to define a combustion chamber and a port provided in a wall of each cylinder. The port is openable independently of an inlet valve and an exhaust valve to provide an additional route for the discharge of air or fuel/air mixture.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine apparatus includes a cylinder having a head, an intake valve cooperating with the head for selectively allowing passage of fluids into the cylinder and an exhaust valve for selectively allowing passage of fluids out of the cylinder. The exhaust and inlet valves are open during both the intake and exhaust phases of operation of the engine. A piston is mounted for reciprocal movement in the cylinder between a top dead center position and a bottom dead center position. The cylinder has at least one opening therein, the opening is disposed in a side wall thereof intermediate the top dead center position and the bottom dead center position. The opening communicates between the interior of the cylinder and space outside of the cylinder and the opening is fully covered by the piston in at least one position of the piston.

Abstract: A cylinder bore for an internal-combustion or the like engine, having additional valve ports and an additional combustion chamber machined inside the cylinder wall, is disclosed. Said cylinder bore enables excellent volumetric efficiency and a two-step combustion process which comprises burning of two air-fuel mixtures having different compression ratios and different air-fuel ratios. Increased air provided for the combustion process and better distribution of combustion pressure will result with much more power delivered by engine and less emissions released into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A device and method for introducing pressurized gas into a combustion chamber of an engine. The device includes a duct and an intermittent obstruction member, with the placing the cylinder and the combustion chamber in communication via said obstruction member.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, and a method of operating an internal combustion engine, of the kind in which recycled exhaust gases are reacted with a hydrocarbon fuel in a combustion space to produce a reformed fuel of enhanced calorific value by cracking molecules of the hydrocarbon fuel, the invention providing for means for the supply of air to the combustion space in the cylinder and separate means for the supply of the cracked and reformed fuel enabling an efficient engine operation to be achieved with economical use of fuel.

Abstract: A crankchamber precompression type two-cycle internal combustion engine including at least one cylinder assembly, each cylinder assembly including a stepped cylinder constituted by a minor diameter cylinder portion and a major diameter cylinder portion, a stepped piston received in the stepped cylinder and constituted by a minor diameter piston portion and a major diameter piston portion adapted to be fitted in the minor diameter cylinder portion and the major diameter cylinder portion respectively, a crankchamber connected to the major diameter cylinder portion, a working chamber defined between the minor diameter cylinder portion and the minor diameter piston portion, and a sub-intake chamber defined between the major diameter cylinder portion and the minor diameter piston portion.

Abstract: A stratified-charge two-stroke cycle scavenged spark-ignition engine 1 includes a piston (2) reciprocal in a cylinder (3) between a combustion chamber 4 and a crankcase (5). A carburetor (17) is mounted to the crankcase substantially coaxially with the piston to afford narrow engine design. An elongated scavenging air passage (14) extends between the crankcase and the combustion chamber and has a length substantially greater than that of a fuel-air transfer passage (7), and the height of piston (2), to reduce fuel mixture in the scavenging air passage and afford substantially only air at an air inlet port (16), which port is between fuel-air mixture inlet port (8) and exhaust port (13).

Abstract: A stratified-charge cross-flow scavenged two-stroke cycle spark-ignition engine (1) includes a piston (2) having a raised crown (6) with a baffle (7) and chamfered sides (8, 9) and reciprocal in a cylinder (3) between a combustion chamber (4) and a crankcase (5). Transfer passage structure is disclosed wherein a pair of elongated scavenging air passages (17, 18) extend between the crankcase and combustion chamber on opposite sides of a shorter fuel-air transfer passage (11). A pair of scavenging air inlet ports (20, 21) in the combustion chamber are adjacent the fuel-air inlet port (12) therebetween and substantially distally opposite the exhaust port (16). The scavenging air inlet ports face the baffle at its edges along the chamfered sides of the piston crown.

Abstract: A crankchamber precompression type two-cycle internal combustion engine including cylinder assemblies of an even number consists of at least one pair of cylinder assemblies having working cycles with 180.degree. phase difference, each cylinder assembly having a stepped cylinder constituted by a minor diameter cylinder portion and a major diameter cylinder portion, a stepped piston received in the stepped cylinder and constituted by a minor diameter piston portion and a major diameter piston portion, the minor diameter and major diameter piston portions being in sliding engagement with the minor diameter and the major diameter cylinder portions of the stepped cylinder respectively to provide an annular space serving as sub-intake chamber in the major diameter portions of the cylinders, the sub-intake chambers being connected to an auxiliary scavenging nozzle oriented toward a combustion chamber of the other associated cylinder.

Abstract: A secondary air introducing device for an engine including a cylinder, an associated piston, and a secondary air introducing hole formed in a side wall of the cylinder in such a manner that said hole is located near the bottom dead center of the piston and is opened and closed by the piston. The secondary air introducing hole is made to communicates through inlet passages with the atmosphere, so that the external air is introduced into the cylinder through the secondary air introducing hole by a negative pressure which is produced in the cylinder at the end of a suction stroke of said engine, and a control valve means opened and closed according to variations in load of the engine is provided in the inlet passages, thus controlling an amount of air introduced therein.

Abstract: A secondary air introducing apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprising a secondary air introducing opening in the sidewall of the cylinder near the position of lower dead point of a piston of the engine. The opening is opened and closed by the piston. A secondary air supply source is interconnected with the opening by an introducing passage. The introducing passage is formed to be an upwardly directed passage extending only upwards from the opening.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine is disclosed in which a portion of the exhaust gas is selectively added to each cylinder. The exhaust gas is caused to swirl along the inside wall of the cylinder. Air or a fuel/air mixture is caused to swirl in a central zone in the cylinder in the same direction of swirl as the direction of swirl of the exhaust gas thereby providing a stratified exhaust gas recirculation design.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermal engine provided with inlet and exhaust valves and with a system for controlling said engine comprising a computer which regulates opening and closure of said valves and which imposes on said engine an operation close to the one corresponding to minimum specific fuel consumption. According to the invention, this assembly is characterized in that said engine is essentially of the four-stroke cycle type, in that said system comprises means adapted to detect overloads of the engine and means adapted to cause the engine to operate exceptionally in two-stroke mode, these latter means being actuated by said detection means when the detected overload exceeds a predetermined threshold so that in that case the engine passes to two-stroke operation, four-stroke operation being resumed as soon as the overload has disappeared. The invention leads to obtaining a low consumption of fuel for increased power.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine having inlet porting and a fuel supply passage with valve means therein, the cross-sectional area lying within the outside passage walls being greater in the region of the valve means than in a region upstream of the valve means. An element is disposed in the passage tending to equalize the velocity of the fuel flow through the supply passage in different regions thereof, and means are also provided in connection of a fuel reservoir or vessel to the fuel supply passage or channel in the region of and through said element.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine has a sustained power stroke which results from delayed mixing of a stratified charge. Use of delayed mixing of an overall stoichiometric air-fuel mixture results in formation of a low amount of the oxides of nitrogen. Delayed mixing of a stratified charge is achieved by placement of a Helmholtz resonator cavity in the piston and peripherally just below the crown thereof. The Helmholtz resonator cavity communicates with the combustion chamber via a narrow slot made by undercutting the top edge of the piston. A port type intake valve is used. Pressurized air passing through the intake port during the exhaust phase of the cycle streams past the undercut top edge of the piston. After the engine cylinder has received a charge of fresh air the compression stroke is begun and the main chamber is filled with a slight fuel-rich gaseous charge. The companion Helmholtz resonator cavity receives only an air charge from the intake port.

Abstract: An internal combustion diesel engine having a piston sliding in a cylinder and forming a main combustion chamber between the piston and the cylinder head. The cylinder head also has a pre-combustion chamber which communicates by a connecting passage with the main combustion chamber, with a fuel injection nozzle and glow plug arranged to project into the pre-combustion chamber. In addition, a smaller auxiliary chamber is provided which communicates with the pre-combustion chamber by a nozzle shaped aperture, and supplies additional combustion air to the pre-combustion chamber to help effectuate complete combustion, even at high engine loads, of the air-fuel mixture.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of the four cycle reciprocating piston type wherein intake and exhaust of working fluid and combustible fuel into the engine is primarily by means of valves in the cylinder head, and secondarily by means of an intake port in open communication with the lower portion of the cylinder chamber for the induction of additional gases for the support of combustion, and preferably a combustible mixture controlled by valve means for induction only.

Abstract: A method for operating a two-cycle internal combustion engine wherein in the scavenging stroke the air-fuel mixture charged into the cylinder forms a stratum adjacent to a piston and the stratum of the air-fuel mixture is made into contact with the stratum of the residual gases remote from the piston. Alternately, in the scavenging stroke the rich mixture is first charged into the cylinder immediately above the piston and then the lean mixture is charged into the cylinder immediately above the piston so that the strata of the lean and rich mixtures and the residual gases may be formed in the order named from a portion close to the piston within the cylinder. The decomposition of part of the air-fuel mixture or the rich air-fuel mixture is caused by the heat contained in the residual gases so that the chemically activated radicals are produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to exhaust and induction manifolds used in internal combustion engines and in particular to those types of engines employing cylinder ventillating facilities at each end of the piston stroke. The upper-stroke process flows, comprising the initial induction and final exhaust pumping events, are controlled in the conventional manner using poppet valves located within the cylinder clearance volume while the lower piston stoke process flows, which define the engine bottom-cycle pumping events, are controlled by bidirectional flow ejector design at side-ports positioned along the slidable working surface of the engine cylinder. The integrated flow pattern between the upper-stroke and lower-stroke process controls overlap at certain portions of the engine operation providing vertical ventillation of the engine cylinder at each bottom-stroke piston position for each discrete engine process.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine having a first scavenging port which is supplied with fuel-air mixture through a mixture passage, and a second scavenging port which is supplied with air, wherein supply of fuel-air mixture through the mixture passage is substantially throttled while supply of air through the second scavenging port is interrupted, so as to perform stratified scavenging, when the engine is operating at low load, while in medium to high load operation the throttling of the mixture passage is released while air is injected through said second scavenging port, so as to generate swirling of mixture charged in the cylinder chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas accumulation chamber, a valve for controlling the flow of the exhaust gas into and from the exhaust gas accumulation chamber and a communicating passage for communicating the cylinder bore of the combustion chamber with the exhaust gas accumulation chamber, along which cylinder bore the piston is reciprocated. The valve is open from a first time in the compression stroke to a second time in the succeeding expansion stroke. Due to the combined operation of the valve and the movement of the piston, the exhaust gas is accumulated within the accumulation chamber only near the end of the expansion stroke and is spouted from the accumulation chamber only in the beginning of the compression stroke. The communicating passage is so arranged that the exhaust gas spouted from the accumulation chamber into the combustion chamber generates a swirl motion in the combustible gas mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to new and useful improvements in the design of fluid ejectors and in particular to their use in the exhaust and induction manifolds of the piston driven internal combustion engine. Accelerated exhaust gases jetting from an engine cylinder side-port are directed through an intervening air space toward a diffuser duct. Impact between the accelerated exhaust particles and air particles within the air space causes a resultant vector change of the momenta of the sum total of reacting particles in a manner which reverses the direction of air flow toward the diffuser. The inertial flow of the fresh air stream, drawn into the air space after the exhaust cycle is complete, is again directed toward the engine cylinder side-port nozzle to facilitate induction on the subsequent intake stroke of the piston.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine having inlet porting and a fuel supply passage with valve means therein, the cross-sectional area lying within the outside passage walls being greater in the region of the valve means than in a region upstream of the valve means. Means are provided in the passage tending to equalize the velocity of the fuel flow through the supply passage in different regions thereof.