Abstract: The camshaft of the engine is located centrally and longitudinally in the crankcase, parallel to the crankshaft, and besides operating the valvegear, provides the drive for a fuel injection system of which the pump consists in a number of independent elements, one per cylinder, engaging directly with the camshaft at one end and connecting at the other with feed pipelines of identical length which are routed to injectors installed each with its nozzle end trained directly into the relative combustion chamber; formed in the piston crown, the chamber is designed with a cross-sectional profile of upturned omega shape, the effect of which being to create a rounded rim of smaller diameter than the remainder of the chamber, and with the base incorporating a centrally located bulge projecting back toward the head, a cavity of doughnut geometry materializes into which the fuel is injected directly.

Abstract: The heat-insulating engine with swirl chamber of this invention injects fuel at a low pressure along the inner wall surface of swirl chambers having a heat-insulating structure by subsidiary nozzles opened and closed electrically, from the second half of an intake stroke to a compression stroke, and then injects mainly the fuel by main nozzles into the swirl chambers from the second half of the compression stroke to an expansion stroke. Atomization of the fuel from the subsidiary nozzles may be to such an extent that the fuel merely attaches to the wall surface; hence, the subsidiary nozzles can be of an accumulation type low pressure injection type. The fuel from the subsidiary nozzles is injected to the wall surface of the swirl chambers in the contact state so as to deprive the wall surface of the heat and thus to recover the heat.

Abstract: A ceramic-metallic interfacing joint assembly is disclosed. The joint assembly includes a pair of interfaced components in a highly loaded, sliding contact in which the contact stresses can be as high as 250,000 psi. Preferably, the pair of interfaced components includes a ball member and a complementarily shaped, mating socket member and is used in a diesel type internal combustion engine. One of the components is formed of a ceramic material having a density of at least 3.18 g/cm.sup.3 and the other component is formed of a metallic material. Preferably, the density of the ceramic material ranges from 3.18 g/cm.sup.3 to 3.25 g/cm.sup.3. This arrangement reduces the wear of the joint assembly in conjunction with the use of a lubricant which lubricates the components. Specifically, the metallic material is an iron based material while the ceramic material is a sintered silicon nitride. The ceramic material may be sintered with rare-earth metal oxides such as yttrium oxide.

Abstract: A cam for controlling the injection rate of fuel in a fuel injection system having a four part cam profile is disclosed. The first 120.degree. is the plunger advancement segment. The next 80.degree. is the advanced dwell segment. The next 100.degree. is the plunger retraction segment and the last 60.degree. is the retracted dwell segment. The plunger advancement segment is divided into three subsegments: pre-injection stroke, injection stroke, and overtravel stroke. The pre-injection subsegment achieves minimum velocity and acceleration at the start of injection. In the injection subsegment, the cam follower acceleration is achieved as rapidly as can Hertz stress permits to increase the injection pressure and to achieve the maximum injection rate. The overtravel subsegment achieves a sharp and clean end of injection. Preferably, this cam causes injection of less than 20 mm.sup.3 of fuel per stroke during the first ten cam angle degrees of cam rotation.

Abstract: A fuel injector train having a variable injection rate includes a fuel injector having a plunger and a plunger biasing device having a predetermined spring rate for controlling the injection rate of the injector. A cam assembly is mounted to impart force through a push rod to a rocker arm which communicates the force of the cam assembly to the fuel injector plunger. In some embodiments, the push rod collapses axially a short distance in response to axial force applied thereto. The push rod has an inherent bias against collapsing that is less than the total bias of the injector biasing device so that during a portion of the injection cycle, part of the force imparted to the push rod collapses the push rod to operate the injector at a reduced rate. In another embodiment, the rocker arm is formed with a closable gap between its first and second ends, and the gap has an inherent bias against closing that is less than the total bias of the fuel injector biasing device.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system for actuating a cam follower shaft to permit variable timing of the valving events or the unit injectors of an internal combustion engine. A rotatable cam follower shaft is subjected to continuous, alternating, oscillating torques. A clutch is disposed adjacent the shaft and is translatable to move from a disengaged position to an engaged position in which the clutch engages the shaft either directly or through roller bearings and separate inclined surfaces. When the clutch engages the shaft, it prevents rotation in a first direction while permitting rotation in a second direction until a positive stop is reached. When the clutch is disengaged from the shaft, the overall torques acting on the shaft rotate the shaft in the first direction until the shaft reaches another positive stop. The clutch is activated by a compression spring which is resisted by fluid pressures.

Abstract: An injection-type internal combustion engine with cylinders arranged in line, with two overhead camshafts, and four valves and a central pump nozzle for each cylinder, and with detachable rocker arms being provided on the cylinder head above the respective camshaft, for actuating the pump nozzles. With this arrangement, the cams for the rocker arms actuating the pump nozzles are operated from the two camshafts in turn, i.e., the first camshaft actuates the pump of one cylinder and the second camshaft actuates that of the adjacent cylinder, each rocker arm being mounted separately. This will facilitate assembly and disassembly of the pump nozzle including the corresponding actuating mechanism and valve gear.

Abstract: A pivot rod, such as a push rod of the type found included in fuel injector drive trains and engine cylinder valve drive trains, has a mounting shaft with an interior receiving space at at least one end thereof, and a pivot insert formed of a ceramic material that is positioned with a first portion thereof disposed within the receiving space of the mounting shaft and a second portion thereof projecting axially beyond the end of the mounting shaft.

Abstract: A device for regulating the delivery timing of injector pump elements is presented, whereby the injection pump elements are actuated by a camshaft of the internal combustion engine, said camshaft also being simultaneously employed to operate the intake and exhaust valves. All the cams are nonrotatably secured to the camshaft and the entire camshaft is rotatively adjusted relative to the crankshaft by a delivery timing regulator.

Abstract: In a diesel engine having a valve operating chamber within which are accommodated intake and exhaust valves, driving system operable to open and close under control those valves, and a unit injector consisting of an injection nozzle and an injection pump united together, it is arranged that the unit injector is designed into an L-shape with its horizontally extending portion being formed by the injection pump, a cam shaft being located below the injection pump, and first and second rocker shafts of the driving system being disposed on both sides of the unit injector.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with a lubricating system and a full flow oil filtering circuit arranged in parallel with the main oil lubricating circuit of the engine. The lubricating system includes drive means an oil lubricating circuit for lubricating the drive means, an oil sump connected in flow communication with the lubricating system and an oil pump connected in flow communication with the sump and a lubricating system and operably driven by the drive means for pumping oil from the sump through the lubricating circuit and back to the sump. The parallel flow oil filtering circuit includes an oil filter disposed adjacent the oil sump and connected in flow communication therewith. An oil pump is disposed adjacent the sump and connected in flow communication with the sump and the oil filtering means. The oil pump is driven by engagement with the governor gear.

Abstract: A pump including a plunger slidably disposed in a pump body, a transmitting member connected to the plunger, a coil spring which urges the plunger, and a cam urging the plunger against the coil spring. The plunger defines a pump chamber in the pump body. The coil spring urges the plunger in a direction such that the plunger contracts the pump chamber. The cam rotates in synchronization with the rotation of the engine and engages with the transmitting member for part of the cycle of the rotation of the engine so that the plunger increases the volume of the pump chamber. The cam releases the plunger in the remaining cycle of the rotation of the engine to allow the coil spring to urge the plunger so that the plunger displaces in a direction to reduce the volume of the pump chamber.

Abstract: A pump/nozzle unit having an injection nozzle installed at at least approximately right angles to the longitudinal axis (A) on the pump housing of the piston injeciton pump. The injection pump is supported with a support face, which embodies its most extreme axial extension, on a support bearing located on the cylinder head of the engine. The support face is embodied by an outwardly pointing end face of a counterpart piston which is inserted into the pump cylinder in an extension of the longitudinal axis (A) and, with an inner end face, seals off the pump work chamber in a pressure-tight manner. As a result, the pumping forces resulting from the fuel which is placed under pressure in the pump work chamber are kept from affecting the pump housing and intercepted at a location on the cylinder head which is remote from a receiving bore for the injection nozzle.

Abstract: An air compressing reciprocating in-line compression-ignition internal combustion engine comprises for each cylinder a fuel injection unit comprising a fuel injection pump and a fuel injection nozzle. Each fuel injection unit is operated by a camshaft via a rocker lever and a cam follower roller mounted on said lever. The camshaft is rotatably mounted between the cylinders in transverse walls provided on the cylinder heads. The camshaft carries injection control cams and valve control cams for actuating the gas exchange valves by means of cam follower levers, which are pivoted at one end to the cylinder head and at the other end engage the gas exchange valves and are provided with cylindrically curved engaging surfaces for contacting the valve control cams.

Abstract: A cam shaft operated fuel injector having an elongated fuel injection nozzle, a linear pumping plunger with an axis normal to the axis of the nozzle in two embodiments and parallel to the axis of the nozzle in three embodiments and ball check valve means for the pumping plunger arranged to minimize the high pressure chamber volume and to simplify the design and assembly of the unit injector. One embodiment employs an inlet metering valve, another embodiment employs end of injection spill control and another embodiment is adapted for receiving a metered charge of fuel from a separate low pressure distributor pump having a governor controlled linear metering valve and a sleeve like distributor rotor surrounding the metering valve.

Abstract: A valve arm chamber apparatus for a diesel engine having, on a cam shaft mounted above intake and exhaust valves thereof, fuel cams for rocking fuel valve arms for driving unit injectors mounted in a cylinder head and intake and exhaust valve cams for rocking intake and exhaust valve arms for opening and closing the intake and exhaust valves, which apparatus comprises a valve arm chamber member which supports the cam shaft, a fuel valve arm shaft for supporting the fuel valve arms, and intake and exhaust valve arm shafts for supporting the intake and exhaust valve arms.

Abstract: A control unit for the lubricating oil circulation pump and for the fuel injection system regulator of diesel engines, comprising a shaft extending through the cylinder block from the oil sump to said regulator, which is mounted externally, said shaft being operationally connected at an intermediate point thereof to the engine cam shaft, and at its opposing ends to the power take-offs of said circulating pump and regulator respectively.

Abstract: A compact V-type engine arrangement wherein an odd number of cylinders are formed in opposite cylinder banks of differing lengths with the shorter bank having one less cylinder than the longer bank. A space adjacent the end of the shorter cylinder bank and generally opposite one of the cylinders of the longer bank is utilized to mount an engine driven mechanism, such as a diesel fuel injection pump, which is preferably connected to the individual cylinders for coaction therewith in timed relationship with the engine cycle. Novel compact means for driving the engine fuel injection pump or other mechanism, as well as other mechanical features, are also provided.

Abstract: A hydraulic advance device for selectively transmitting applied forces to a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine. The device is operative to select a normal or advanced timing of the fuel injection. An outer cylindrical body (66) is mounted in the upper end of a fuel injector adapter. An inner body (108) is slidably received in an outer body and a pressure responsive plunger (104) is slidably received in a bore formed in the inner body and defines in cooperation therewith a fluid chamber (128). A one-way valve (132) in the chamber permits fluid above a predetermined pressure applied during the advanced stage of the fuel injection cycle to enter the chamber which prevents movement of the plunger relative to the inner body member.

Abstract: A water-cooled internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection and in hich the cylinders are arranged in banks forming the shape of a V, the V-shape space between the cylinder banks is adapted as a receiving chamber for combustion air and for the accommodation of means for fuel injection by individual pumps associated with each cylinder. The provision of a single camshaft is arranged parallel to the cylinder banks and centrally above the receiving chamber and in that the push rods of the inlet and exhaust valves as well as the individual pumps are directly driven by the camshaft.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for mechanically driving a mechanism connected to an internal combustion engine. A push rod is mounted between the mechanism and a shaft rotatably mounted in the engine, one end of said rod being adapted to actuate the mechanism and the other end being adapted to resiliently engage against an arcuate surface on said shaft and to be given oscillating translation motion by said shaft on rotation. The invention is distinguished in that the end of the push rod engaging against the shaft is provided with two extensions at least partially embracing the arcuate surface on the shaft, said extensions guiding the position of a rod in a plane transverse to the shaft when said shaft rotates. The push rod thus requires no extra guidance and is simple to fit and to dismantle. The push rod preferably comprises two parts joined to each other via a jointing sleeve allowing a given degree of angular latitude between said parts.