Abstract: Fuel efficiency in a combustion engine is increased by treating the fuel in a reaction chamber prior to delivering the fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine. The method includes the step of entraining a stream of exhaust gas to travel upstream through the reactor chamber in a first flow pattern. The method also includes the step of entraining a stream of fuel to travel downstream through the reactor chamber in a second flow pattern, where at least one of the first and second flow patterns comprises a structured turbulent flow.

Abstract: An improved high viscosity fuel injection pressure reduction system and method is disclosed for use in an internal combustion engine. The system may include a first fuel line and a second fuel line. The first fuel line may be configured to be coupled upstream of a combustion chamber of the engine when the engine is operated with the first fuel and to provide a first pressurized volume when installed. Likewise, the second fuel line may be configured to be coupled upstream of the combustion chamber of the engine when the engine is operated with the second fuel and to provide a second pressurized volume when installed. The first and second volumes of the fuel lines may provide peak injection pressures lower than a desired pressure when the engine is operated with the first and second fuels, respectively.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are described for controlling a dual-fuel engine that has an evaporated gas providing device for providing an evaporated gas into the engine and is operable with hydrocarbon fuel or non-hydrocarbon fuel, alternatively. One example method comprises operating the engine with one of the fuels on the basis of a driver's request, and in response to a determination of a cold engine operation, operating the engine with the non-hydrocarbon fuel for a specified period irrespective of the driver's request. If it is determined that an evaporated fuel is to be provided to the engine while the engine is operating with non-hydrocarbon fuel due the cold engine operation, then switching to operation with hydrocarbon fuel and thereafter providing evaporated fuel into the engine.

Abstract: Several embodiments of the type two-cycle crankcase compression engines having exhaust control valves for controlling the effective compression ratio of the engine. The exhaust control valves are rotatably journaled in respective cylinder banks and are disposed at the same distance from a plane passing through the center of the valley between the cylinder banks as each other facilitating a common drive therefor. In one embodiment the exhaust control valves are disposed on the side of the cylinder banks adjacent the valley and in another embodiment they are disposed on the outside of the cylinder banks.

Abstract: A safety system is provided for a vehicular fuel line installation which includes a fuel tank, an engine and delivery and return lines extending between the tank and the engine. A pump is operatively associated with the delivery line to feed fuel from the tank to the engine. Safety valves are provided in the delivery line at the pump and at the engine as well as in the return line at the tank and at the engine. A fuel filter is disposed in the delivery line and flexible hose sections may be disposed in the delivery line and/or the return line, and safety valves are disposed at opposite ends of the fuel filter and the flexible hose sections.

Abstract: For a compact arrangement of a relatively large number of cylinders, the specification discloses a V-type engine having first and second rows of cylinders which are arranged relative to each other so as to form a V-shape, with a third row of cylinders located between the first and second rows and a fourth row located outside the V-space between the first and second rows, the third and fourth rows likewise forming a V-shape between them, and all cylinders of the internal combustion engine being connected to the same crankshaft.

Abstract: The cylinders (12; 48, 50) are disposed such that each piston-cylinder axis (16; 56, 58) does not intersect the crankshaft axis (20; 47). Timing of combustion within each cylinder is controlled to cause maximum combustion pressure to occur when an imaginary plane that contains both a respective connection axis (28; 66, 70) of a respective connecting rod (24; 62, 64) to the respective piston (14; 52, 54) and a respective connection axis (30; 68, 72) of the connecting rod to a respective throw of the crankshaft is substantially coincident with the respective cylinder axis along which the piston reciprocates. In a V-type engine the axes of those cylinders in a respective bank are disposed in a respective imaginary plane (76; 78) forming a respective side of a V.

Abstract: A covering device for an internal combustion engine shortens the harness used for driving fuel injection valves (and thus minimizes resistance, noise and voltage drop) and improves access to components for fuel leakage checking. Opening portions 20A, 20B are disposed on timing chain covers 1A, 1B. A solenoid driver 360 is located on a front surface of the opening portions 20A, 20B. A harness 361 passes through the opening portions 20A, 20B and is then connected to respective fuel injection valves 400 to 450. Moving or detaching the solenoid driver 360 permits a sensor portion 710 of fuel leakage checker 700 to pass easily through the opening portions 20A, 20B and get near respective fuel injection components.

Abstract: A two-cylinder head is provided for use in a narrow vee-type internal combustion engine. A vee-type internal combustion engine which includes at least one such two-cylinder head is also provided. The two-cylinder head includes a pair of liner flange counterbores which cover a pair of engine cylinders. The liner flange counterbores are staggered relative to, and overlap, a head centerline, and each include exhaust and intake ports which are a mirror image of each other. A respective exhaust passage extends from each exhaust port to the same exhaust manifold mounting face which extends at an angle relative to the head centerline.

Abstract: A diesel engine having cylinders disposed in a V shape is constructed as compact as possible so that it can be adapted to either vertical and horizontal use without changing many parts. To this end, intake and exhaust cams and a fuel injection pump driving cam are disposed on a single camshaft to thereby obviate the necessity of a plurality of camshafts. In addition, a fuel pump, which has conventionally been disposed in a separate fuel injection pump case outside a cylinder block, is disposed inside the cylinder block. Furthermore, a fuel injection nozzle is disposed on an inner side of a pushrod and the pushrod and fuel injection nozzle are disposed between the cylinders, whereby a compact construction is obtained. Moreover, a governor device and a fuel injection pump are disposed on a side opposite to a crankshaft of the camshaft.

Abstract: In an overhead cam type internal combustion engine having a cylinder block extended at an angle to either side of a crankshaft, a first cylinder head is mounted on one side of the cylinder block and a second cylinder head is mounted on the other side of the cylinder block. Each of the first and second cylinder heads includes at least one camshaft for opening and closing intake and exhaust valves.

Abstract: A V-type internal combustion engine having a pair of opposed piston cylinders positioned in the same transverse plane is provided with a pair of co-operating pistons that are connected to a singular crankshaft crankpin through a pair of co-operating connecting rods and combined sleeve-type bearings that each lie outside the piston cylinder transverse plane.

Abstract: An intake system for an engine arranged to be positioned within a cowling of an outboard motor for powering a water propulsion device of the motor is disclosed. Preferably, the engine is of the "V"-type, having first and second banks defined by first and second cylinder heads connected to a cylinder block, and having a crankcase or second end positioned opposite the heads and facing the watercraft. Each bank contains at least one combustion chamber, and the banks define a valley extending therebetween along a length of the engine. An intake system is positioned at the second end of the engine and comprises a surge tank corresponding to each bank, an intake passage leading from each surge tank to the cylinders of its respective bank, and a throttle body having an air inlet and a branch passage leading to each surge tank. An engine auxiliary component is positioned above or below the throttle body of the intake system.

Abstract: A method of using a petroleum based fuel in an internal combustion gasoline engine. The fuel has a flash point of at least 100.degree. F. and the fuel is heated, within the engine, to a temperature above 100.degree. F. The heated fuel is introduced into the cylinders in the engine and ignited within the cylinder to start the engine. The heat source is removed after the engine has become warm.

Abstract: A cylinder block for an internal combustion engine includes a mounting surface having therein a crankcase cavity and a pair of cylinders respectively extending from the cavity in acute angular relation to each other and each including a cylinder wall. The cylinder walls include outer ends having cylinder head mounting surfaces, mixture transfer ports, mixture supply ports, gas discharge ports and a main exhaust gas discharge passage. A passage communicates between the exhaust gas discharge ports and with the main exhaust gas discharge passage. Mixture supply passages extend between the mounting surface and the cylinder head mounting surfaces and include reed valves. Branch passages communicate between the transfer ports in the cylinder walls and the mixture supply passages at respective locations between the cylinder head mounting surfaces and the reed valves. Auxiliary supply passages extend from the mounting surface and communicate with the mixture supply ports in the cylinder walls.

Abstract: A watercraft is propelled by an outboard motor having a water propulsion device powered by a multi-cylinder engine of a crankcase compression type, the engine positioned within a cowling of the motor. The engine has a very compact V type arrangement. The intake system for admitting the charge to the crankcase chambers and the exhaust manifold are positioned around the outside of the engine opposite its valley. A compressor delivery to the cylinder head intake ports is positioned within the valley. The engine includes at least one crankshaft which drives a drive shaft of the water propulsion device of the motor.

Abstract: A water vehicle having a hull defining an engine compartment and propelled by a water propulsion device powered by a multi-cylinder engine of a crankcase compression type positioned within the engine compartment is disclosed. The engine has a very compact "V" type arrangement. The intake system for admitting the charge to the crankcase chambers and the exhaust manifold is located in the valley between the cylinder banks. The compressor delivery to the cylinder head intake ports is on the outside of the engine. Crankshafts corresponding to each bank are maintained in synchronous rotation, with one of the crankshafts arranged to drive the water propulsion device of the water vehicle.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder engine of a crankcase compression type shown for use in an outboard motor. The engine has a very compact V type arrangement. The intake system for admitting the charge to the crankcase chambers and the exhaust manifold is located in the valley between the cylinder banks. The compressor delivery to the cylinder head intake ports is on the outside of the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with a single camshaft and a vee type configuration has an external bulkhead extending between the banks of cylinders. The bulkhead is supported by ribs extending vertically and generally laterally between the cylinder banks.

Abstract: A four-stroke-cycle engine of a motorcycle arranged between front and rear wheels thereof has a crank case in which a crank shaft is arranged and a plurality of cylinder assemblies operatively connected to the crank shaft and includes a front-side cylinder assembly and a rear-side cylinder assembly along a longitudinal direction of a motorcycle body. Each of the cylinder assemblies is composed of a cylinder block, a cylinder head mounted to a head portion of the cylinder block and a head cover covering the cylinder head. The cylinder assemblies are arranged so as to provide V-shapes along the longitudinal direction of the motorcycle body. A mating surface formed between the head cover and the cylinder head of at least the front-side cylinder assembly of the plural cylinder assemblies has an inclination obliquely downward towards the front wheel with respect to a mating surface formed between the cylinder head and the cylinder block of the front-side cylinder assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a four-stroke internal combustion engine comprising a common crankcase, a crankshaft extending in the crankcase, first and second cylinders respectively extending from the common crankcase in acute angular relation to each other and respectively including first and second cylinder walls respectively including first and second exhaust gas discharge ports, a passage connecting the first and second exhaust gas discharge ports, first and second pistons respectively located in the first and second cylinders and respectively connected to the crankshaft for reciprocating movement toward and away from the crankshaft and between top dead center and bottom dead center positions, first and second cylinder heads respectively connected to the first and second cylinders, respectively partially defining first and second combustion chambers, and respectively including first and second mixture inlet passages respectively communicating with the first and second combustion chambers, first and second exhaust

Abstract: An improved fuel injection and ignition control system for an engine, wherein the fuel injectors and ignition are controlled by respective circuits mounted on a common substrate but spaced from each other. The assembly is potted in a resin for electrical and heat insulation. The resulting control box can easily be mounted in the valley of a V-type engine in the powerhead of an outboard motor.

Abstract: In a V-type engine, a pair of cylinder blocks are arranged in V-shape to form a V-bank therebetween, and a suction device and an exhaust device are arranged in the V-bank. An exhaust passage constituting the exhaust device is formed to the most inner side of the bottom portion of the V-bank and the inlet manifold constituting the suction device is arranged in the space formed by the V-bank and the engine cover, outside the exhaust passage.

Abstract: An improved scavenging control system for a multi-cylinder, V-type, two-cycle crankcase compression internal combustion engine. In each embodiment, a scavenging manifold extends along one side of the crankcase chamber and communicates with the individual sealed sections therein through respective scavenging control passages. A plurality of butterfly-type throttle valves controls the communication between the crankcase chamber and the scavenging manifold and these valves are all affixed on a common valve shaft. In one embodiment, the scavenge control system is disposed in the valley between the cylinder banks and in the other illustrated embodiment, the scavenging system is disposed on one side of the crankcase and outside of the valley between the cylinder banks.

Abstract: In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the cylinders are disposed in two rows, the cylinders in one row being staggered with respect to the cylinders in the other row and the longitudinal axes of the cylinders in the first row being disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axes of the cylinders in the other row. The outlet valves are located close to the plane of symmetry between the rows of cylinders whereas the inlet valves are located out of this plane. All of the outlet valves of both rows of cylinders are provided with a common centrally located camshaft whereas the inlet valves of each row of cylinders is provided with a dedicated sidelocated camshaft for each row.

Abstract: A four-cycle engine including a magnetic detection sensor mounted on a non-magnetic cam shaft pulley which is rotated in operative association with a crank pulley for detecting a plurality of detecting portions formed on the magnetic detection member by coils mounted in the cylinder head. The magnetic detection member is integrally formed with the plurality of detection portions for different uses such that distances from the center of rotation of the cam shaft pulley to the plurality of detection portions are different, and wherein the coils are separately mounted in correspondence to the detection portions. Thus, it is possible not only to take out timing signals for different uses from a single cam shaft pulley, but also to eliminate interference between the discrete coils.

Abstract: A motorcycle engine having a pair of cylinders, a piston disposed in each-cylinder, rotatably mounted flywheels, a crank pin mounted on the flywheels, and a connecting rod assembly for coupling the crank pin to the pistons. The connecting rod assembly includes a master connecting rod having a connecting rod portion connected at one end to one of the pistons and a base portion at its other end. A cap is removably mounted on the base portion and defines with the base portion a coupling for receiving the crank pin. A split bushing is disposed between the coupling and the crank pin. The connecting rod assembly also includes a slave connecting rod connected at one end to the other piston. An aperture is formed in the base portion, a second bushing is disposed in the aperture and a pin is disposed in the second bushing. The other end of the slave connecting rod is pivotally mounted on the pin.

Abstract: A valve trains drive assembly for a V-type engine which includes a balancing shaft. The valve train includes a flexible transmitter between a crankshaft sprocket and one of two camshafts in the cylinder heads as well as a sprocket around the balancing shaft. Each of the camshafts that are driven directly by the crankshaft then drive the opposed camshaft within each cylinder head via a transmission. The transmissions within each cylinder head between camshafts may be located at the forward or at the rear end thereof. Both the intake camshafts, or both the exhaust camshafts, or a combination thereof may be directly driven by the crankshaft sprocket. An improved breather oil separator is positioned between the balancing shaft and an induction system.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a crankcase, a cylinder bank extending from the crankcase and a crankshaft disposed in the crankcase. A cylinder in the cylinder bank is closed by a cylinder head which carries intake and exhaust valves for regulating the flow of gasses through the cylinder. An intake and an exhaust camshaft are rotationally disposed within the crankcase and are driven by the crankshaft. The intake camshaft has a cam lobe which operates the intake valve through a pushrod extending between the cam lobe and the valve and the exhaust camshaft has a cam lobe which operates the exhaust valve through a pushrod extending between the cam lobe and the valve. The use of separate intake and exhaust camshafts separates the intake valve actuation event from that of the exhaust valve and allows the application of camshaft phasing to vary the opening relationship, or timing of the intake and the exhaust valves. In addition, the use of two camshafts facilitates the use of multi-step cam lobe.

Abstract: A plurality of cylinders are defined in a single cylinder block, and a single cylinder head common to the cylinders is mounted on the cylinder block. Exhaust passages are provided in the cylinder head at a location corresponding to an inner side and central portion of a V-shape formed by the cylinders, the exhaust passages communicating with the cylinders, respectively. Intake passages are provided in the cylinder head at a location corresponding to opposite outside positions of the V-shape, the intake passages communicating with the cylinders, respectively. The intake passages open into a side of the cylinder head on opposite sides of the V-shape, and fuel injection nozzles provided in the intake passages, respectively. The exhaust passage extend parallel to a crankshaft within the cylinder head and open into the corresponding side of the cylinder head. A water jacket is defined around the exhaust passages to surround the exhaust passages.

Abstract: The invention relates to an engine for an aircraft. The engine includes an engine housing having a drive shaft and a power output shaft. The power output shaft and the drive shaft are separately journalled within the engine housing. The power output shaft includes a propeller at a front end for providing propulsive thrust for the aircraft. The aft end of the power output shaft extends aft of the engine housing. The drive shaft is rotatably coupled to the aft end of the power output shaft by a gear train located outside and aft of the engine housing. The engine provides bearings which solidly support the power output shaft over a substantial portion of its length. This arrangement significantly reduces the loads which would be applied to the drive shaft and other engine components, and therefore, increases the service life of these components.

Abstract: A cooling system for a liquid-cooled engine, comprises a cylinder head water jacket, a cylinder block water jacket, a water pump, a radiator thermostat for restricting circulation of cooling water through a radiator when the engine is cold, a first return passage for returning coolant coming from a cylinder head water jacket to a pump inlet, and a second return passage for returning coolant coming from a cylinder block water jacket to the pump inlet. The second return passage joins the first return passage at a junction so that a flow of coolant coming from the cylinder block water jacket joins a flow of coolant coming from the cylinder head water jacket. A thermostatic valve is disposed in the junction of the first and second return passages and has a thermosensitive portion exposed to the first return passage for establishing fluid communication between the second return passage and the first return passage depending on the coolant temperature of the first return passage.

Abstract: In a multicylinder internal combustion engine with cylinder banks arranged in the shape of a V wherein a single cam shaft is supported centrally within the V space between the cylinder banks and push rods are disposed in push rod guides formed alongside the two cylinder banks so as to be operable by the cam shaft for actuating inlet and outlet valves of associated cylinders via rocker arms, fuel injection pumps are supported in mounting openings formed into the cylinder banks along the sides thereof so as to be also operable by the cam shaft for the injection of fuel into the cylinders via injectors mounted to the cylinders, the push rods and the fuel pumps are also arranged in V-shaped rows along the cylinder banks and coolant channels extend along each cylinder bank between the cylinders and the fuel pumps wherein, a cross-sectional plane extending through a particular cylinder, the pump mounting openings, the coolant channels, the push rod guides and the associated cylinder are disposed in a fan-like arran

Abstract: A process for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine of the multi-cylinder type with controlled fuel injection and comprising a controlled fuel vapor recovery system. During predetermined operating phases of the engine, the fuel injection is stopped for a given period, while the fuel vapors trapped in the recovery system are recycled into an intake circuit of the engine.

Abstract: A V-type multi-cylinder 4-cycle engine E accommodated in an engine room in an outboard motor includes a pair of left and right banks. A surge tank is disposed in a space defined between both the banks and connected to two left and right combustion chambers through intake ports. A throttle body is connected to a lower portion of the surge tank and also to an intake silencer mounted in a left space of the engine room through an elbow. A subsidiary tank for supplying a fuel to an injector is disposed symmetrically with the intake silencer in a right space of the engine room. The employment of the above-described layout makes it possible to make an intake device move compact in the 4-cycle engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of the present invention comprises at least first and second cylinder banks each including a plurality of cylinders or a single cylinder, a first valve operating mechanism provided for each of the cylinders of the first cylinder bank for operating an intake valve or an exhaust valve of the cylinder to open and close, and a second valve operating mechanism having a valve operating characteristic different from that of the first valve operating mechanism and provided for each of the cylinders of the second cylinder bank for operating an intake valve or an exhaust valve of the cylinder to open and close.

Abstract: In a valve-moving apparatus for a V-type multi-cylinder internal combustion engine in which plural rows of cylinders are disposed at predetermined angle relative to a crank shaft, cam shafts having cams disposed offset according to the plural rows of individual cylinders are provided, and fluid supply means provided on the cylinder head for supplying hydraulic pressure to a cooling passage, a lubricating passage, or change-over means of the valve-moving mechanism of variable valve operation condition is disposed in a space formed between the cylinder rows or in a space formed by cam shafts disposed offset along the crank shaft axial direction.

Abstract: A multiple valve internal combustion engine and specifically a cylinder head and valve operating mechanism therefore. The cylinder head is formed from a two part construction and an arrangement is provided for operating the valves that permits a maximum volume cooling jacket to be formed on the exhaust side of the cylinder head. The camshaft and tappet mechanism for operating the valves is formed in a second cylinder head portion and a port extends through both cylinder head portions for serving the combustion chamber of the cylinder head. Various cam drive arrangement including either gear or chain drives are also disclosed.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the directed collecting and metering of volatile fuel components for an engine, including a container with a regenerable storage device for collecting volatile fuel components from the fuel store. The storage device is connected to the engine fuel inlet through a metering valve which is controlled to supply the previously collected components to optimize engine performance by a controlled feed of the volatile components into the fuel mixture according to the particular engine operating conditions. In accordance with the invention, the device controls the metering valve dependent upon the desired mixture of volatile fuel components for the particular running conditions.

Abstract: A fuel injection and control system for a V-type, two cycle, crankcase compression, internal combustion engine. The fuel injection system includes fuel injectors positioned in the valley of the engine and which are supplied with fuel under pressure from a fuel tank through a line in which a fuel filter and fuel pump are positioned. The fuel pump and fuel filter are disposed at one end of the engine and the amount of pressure supplied to the fuel injectors is controlled by a pressure regulator that regulates pressure by bypassing excess fuel back to the fuel filter upstream of the filter element. A throttle control and throttle position sensor are disposed at the opposite end of the engine and exhaust control valves are provided outside of the valley of the "V" of the engine.

Abstract: An engine block is formed by a single piece lower crankcase and a single piece upper crankcase having abutting surfaces sealed with a gasket. The abutting surfaces have semicircular notches aligned with one another to form a circular opening for a crankshaft. The upper crankcase includes central section from which extends a barrel unit that contains the entire cylinder bore for a piston. An integral housing for the cylinder valves and rocker arms is formed on the barrel unit and an integral intake manifold extends from the housing. Forming the engine block from two primary components reduces the number of joints that require machining and gaskets.

Abstract: A multi-fuel gasifier system for internal combustion engines comprising a hollow casing having heat conducting plates therein in thermal contact with a heat exchange duct passing through the casing through which hot exhaust gas passes from the exhaust manifold to the exhaust pipe, a gasifying chamber substantially centrally located within the casing and surrounded by the heat conducting plates and defined by inner wall portions of the plates. An inlet in the casing wall communicates with one end of the chamber and the outlet of the carburetor. An outlet through the casing wall communicates with the other end of the chamber and the intake manifold of the engine. Adjacent the inlet end of the chamber is a first perforated vaporization cap through which fuel-air mixture from the carburetor passes and thereafter contacts a second conically shaped vaporization cap which deflects and sprays the fuel mixture into the vaporization chamber.

Abstract: A carburetor communicating with an intake manifold of an internal-combustion engine receives preheated air through an annular filter heated electrically during a cold-starting phase and fluidically with the engine in operating condition, the air passing around a flap valve--acting as an automatic choke--into a mixing chamber to aspirate a volatile hydrocarbon such as gasoline from a main fuel tank. The flap valve is heated in the same manner as the filter, and so are a pair of accelerator-controlled throttle valves separating the mixing chamber from a further compartment into which a heavier hydrocarbon such as diesel oil is aspirated in vaporized form after passing from an ancillary fuel tank through a boiling cylinder heated by the exhaust gases of the engine.