Abstract: What is described is a fuel vaporizer comprising a housing which comprises an inlet opening with an internal thread, an inlet tube which is seated in the inlet opening. According to this disclosure, it is provided that the inlet tube comprises an undercut head and the inlet tube protrudes through a bushing the inside diameter of which is smaller than the outside diameter of the head, wherein the bushing comprises an external thread with which it is screwed into the inlet opening of the housing. What is additionally described is a kit for the production of a fuel vaporizer.

Abstract: A fluid heating device of a vehicle fuel system includes: a case having a fluid inlet for letting in fluid, a fluid outlet for letting out the fluid, and an inner space that communicates with the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet; upper and lower power-supply and heat-radiation plates that are arranged in the inner space to be vertically spaced apart from each other, and supply external power; and one or more PTC elements that are interposed between the upper and lower power-supply and heat-radiation plates to receive the external power, and spaced apart from each other to form one or more fluid flow holes. Accordingly, the combustion of the fuel and the cold start performance of the vehicle can be improved.

Abstract: A control apparatus and control method is provided for an internal combustion engine that includes a vaporized fuel tank in which vaporized fuel is stored, and a normally-closed vaporized fuel supply valve that opens and closes a connecting portion between the vaporized fuel tank and a surge tank. This apparatus and method produce vaporized fuel by injecting fuel into the tank while the vaporized fuel supply valve is closed while the engine is operating, then open the vaporized fuel supply valve at engine startup and supply the vaporized fuel stored in the tank to the surge tank. If there is no vaporized fuel remaining in the vaporized fuel tank when the engine stops, vacuum is generated in the vaporized fuel tank by temporarily opening the vaporized fuel supply valve before the engine stops. Vaporized fuel is then produced by injecting fuel into the vaporized fuel tank in this vacuum state.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heated catalyzed fuel injector that dispenses fuel substantially exclusively during the power stroke of an internal combustion engine, wherein ignition occurs in a fast burn zone at high fuel density such that a leading surface of the fuel is completely burned within several microseconds. In operation, the fuel injector precisely meters instantly igniting fuel at a predetermined crank angle for optimal power stroke production. Specifically, the fuel is metered into the fuel injector, such that the fuel injector heats, vaporizes, compresses and mildly oxidizes the fuel, and then dispenses the fuel as a relatively low pressure gas column into a combustion chamber of the engine.

Abstract: An engine ECU stores a map in which three regions, that is, a high-temperature region, a low-temperature region, and a region therebetween, are prescribed. The pre-feed time T set when the present condition falls in the region is the longest. An engine ECU executes a program that includes the step of detecting an engine cooling water temperature THW when the start-up of the engine is requested, the step of executing the pre-feed until the fuel pressure P becomes equal to or greater than a fuel pressure threshold value P(TH), and the step of starting the cranking when the fuel pressure P becomes equal to or greater than the fuel pressure threshold value P(TH). Thus, the bad start-up caused by fuel vapor is avoided without operating the fuel pump unnecessarily for a long time.

Abstract: An ethanol fuel reforming system for internal combustion engines performs a reaction of reforming ethanol into diethyl ether at a constant temperature with stability. The system has a reformer for containing a reforming catalyst, a first heat exchanger for heating a heating medium with the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, a second heat exchanger for heating an ethanol fuel with the heating medium, and heating medium circulating means for circulating the heating medium. The heating medium makes distribution of temperature in the reformer uniform. The heating medium heats the reformer and the ethanol fuel to an identical temperature. The reformer is an ethanol fuel channel filled with the catalyst, and the ethanol fuel channel is bent in the reformer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel heating system for preheating a vegetable oil based fuel for use in a diesel engine, said fuel heating system comprising a fuel tank (1), a heating device (3), a heat carrier arrangement (4,6) comprising a liquid heat carrier, and a heat exchanger (6) arranged inside said fuel tank, wherein said heating device is arranged to use vegetable oil based fuel from said fuel tank for heating the heat carrier, said heat carrier arrangement allows transport of hot heat carrier from said heating device to said heat exchanger and transport of cold heat carrier from said heat exchanger back to said heating device, and said heat exchanger is arranged to allow heat transfer from said heat carrier to said vegetable oil based fuel in said fuel tank.

Abstract: The invented method and apparatus increase power of a diesel engine by heating of the fuel inside a fuel path of the diesel engine before its injection into a combustion chamber. Lighter hydrocarbons, produced during continuously heating the fuel to a high temperature and under a high pressure, help boiling of the fuel injected into the combustion chamber. High fuel temperatures and its fast boiling speed up the combustion. This invention increases power, torque and efficiency of a diesel engine. Also, it allows using gasoline as diesel fuel.

Abstract: A method for causing a very fine atomization or vaporization of a liquid or liquid-like fluid, where the resulting atomized or vaporized solution is entered into engine, instrument or area for the fluid to be in mixed. The ability of the near supercritical atomizer to produce very fine droplets of a wide range of liquids without any aspirant is very important for number of industrial applications. Especially when the drop size can be so finely controlled. Industries needing such fine atomization include applications such as combustion, engines, scientific equipment, chemical processing, waste disposal control, cleaning, etching, insect control, surface modification, humidification and vaporization. It is important in these applications not to cause a decomposition of the material being atomized.

Abstract: An automotive power plant includes an internal combustion engine and a heat exchanger for vaporizing fuel to the internal combustion engine utilizing heat from the combustion exhaust gas. The vaporized fuel may be fed to a combustion cylinder containing the compressed gas produced by a compression stroke. Alternatively, the vaporized gas may be fed to a dedicated expander for extracting work therefrom and then fed to the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the engine-building industry and can find application in the fuel feed system of internal combustion engines for preconditioning part of the flow of a rich fuel-air mixture fed to the main flow to decompose liquid fuel and convert it into a gas. A technical aim of the present invention consists in an increased fuel economy of the engine, reduced toxicity of exhaust gases, and use of a cheaper low-octane fuel. A method for preparing fuel-air mixture consists in that the flow of an overrich fuel-air mixture is additionally heated, before mixing it with the other flow of fuel-air mixture, by passing it through a promoter heated above the mixture ignition temperature, thus providing repeated contact of the flow with the promoter surface.

Abstract: A thermal liquid pump suitable for use as a fuel injector is described; when used as a fuel injector hypergolic combustion is possible. The pump includes a space or chamber that is connected to a fuel supply source. A check valve admits the fuel from the fuel supply into the chamber wherein an electrical heating coil heats the fluid within the chamber. The fuel confined in the chamber is not permitted to vaporize and the increasing temperature creates increasing pressure through thermal expansion of the fuel. A delivery valve is provided in the chamber that is electrically actuated to open and discharge the pressurized fuel into a combustion space. When an appropriate amount of fuel has been discharged, the delivery valve is closed and additional fuel is admitted to the chamber through the check valve.

Abstract: A heating device for mounting on an air inlet manifold of a compression ignition engine to heat the air flowing to the engine comprises a thin walled tubular element closed at one end and having a fuel inlet at the other end. A ceramic plug is located in the element to direct fuel flow against the interior surface of the element. A heating element is wound about the tubular element to heat and vaporize the fuel which flows out through an opening adjacent the one end. The fuel vapor forms an air/fuel mixture which is ignited by an ignition element.

Abstract: An arrangement and method is disclosed for enabling hypergolic combustion of a fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of a combustion device such as an internal combustion engine by irradiation of the fuel and/or of the fuel-air mixture with a beam of ultraviolet radiation to produce disassociation of a relatively high proportion of the fuel molecules to enable hypergolic combustion. Various arrangements are disclosed for accomplishing UV irradiation of the fuel in the context of an internal combustion piston engine, and a mercury vapor lamp or a laser are alternatively employed as a UV beam generator.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for internal combustion engines whereby a liquid hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to an enclosed pressure chamber, and wherein the chamber the liquid fuel is heated to within temperature limit of 95% plus or minus 5% of that said fuel's refined distillation end point. At that temperature high vapor pressure exists within the enclosed compression chamber. The resulting vapor is conveyed to the carburetor venturi system and combustion chamber in true vaporous state by means through a cooperating system of primary and secondary pressure reducing regulators. Attached onto the interior wall of the compression chamber is a liquid fuel dispensing pump, which maintains a constant fuel level within that chamber. Energy to operate the pump is derived from surrounding pressure within the compression chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling the rate and timing of heat released during each combustion cycle of an internal combustion engine so as to maximize the net work output of the engine. Mathematical expressions of engine loss factors, such as friction and heat transfer, are used to establish a combustion chamber pressure versus crank angle function which is analyzed together with a combustion chamber pressure versus crank angle function in the absence of combustion. From this analysis, a derivation of optimized combustion chamber heat release rate and timing is enabled. The optimized combustion chamber heat release rate and timing are achieved by controlling the timing and rate of injection of fuel into the combustion chamber, which fuel has been activated by pretreatment so to enable "hypergolic" or instantaneous combustion upon injection.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for pretreating fuel prior to its injection into a combustion chamber to a critical level of activation to enable negligible ignition delay and substantially instantaneous completion of the combustion process. Each quantity of fuel is treated in a plurality of phases to achieve the critical level of fuel activation by the combined effect of each, with fuel heating combined with one or more further activation treatment phases, including catalysis, UV irradiation, or passing each quantity of the fuel through an electrical discharge to thereby enable hypergolic combustion by a combination of the effects thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for pretreatment of fuel prior to injection into the combustion chamber of a combustion device such as an internal combustion engine comprising heating of the fuel to a sufficiently high temperature to activate the fuel molecules to a critical degree enabling "hypergolic" combustion, i.e., combustion without significant ignition or combustion delay. The fuel is circulated through a vessel passing through the combustion chamber which is insulated to reduce heat loss such as to regeneratively preheat the fuel to a temperature on the order of 1000.degree. F. Regenerative heating of the fuel is alternatively combined with a catalytic treatment of the heated fuel to partially activate the fuel molecules to reduce the heating necessary to achieve hypergolic combustion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for rapidly heating vaporized fuel to elevated temperatures prior to its injection into a combustion chamber to achieve negligible ignition delay and substantially instantaneous completion of the combustion process. Heating of the fuel is initiated by preheating each quantity of fuel with heat extracted from the engine exhaust, and the preheated fuel is vaporized and subsequently rapidly heated to a high temperature by being adiabatically compressed immediately prior to injection into the combustion chamber. The fuel activation effect of compressive heating is alternatively augmented by contact of the fuel with a catalytic material, to achieve hypergolic combustion by a combination of catalysis and heating.

Abstract: This device relates to a novel system for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine. The system includes a two-stage evaporator serially mounted within the fuel supply system of the internal combustion engine. The evaporator includes a first stage having fuel supply orifices to inject fuel at the top of a chamber in which are mounted a pair of spaced thermal discs having numerous holes therethrough. The evaporated fuel is then conducted to the second stage of the evaporator where it is further expanded in a spiral tube heated by, for example, exhaust gases and then conducted to a venturi stack via a vapor control regulator valve and fuel supply manifold to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. Use of the system results in increased gas mileage as the high degree of vaporization of the fuel results in a much greater efficiency in the burning thereof.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for internal combustion engines whereby a liquid hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to an enclosed pressure chamber, and wherein the chamber the liquid fuel is heated to within temperature limit of 95% plus or minus 5% of that said fuel's refined distillation end point. At that temperature high vapor pressure exists within the enclosed compression chamber. The resulting vapor is conveyed to the carburetor venturi system and combustion chamber in true vaporous state by means through a cooperating system of primary and secondary pressure reducing regulators. Attached onto the interior wall of the compression chamber is a liquid fuel dispensing pump, which maintains a constant fuel level within that chamber. Energy to operate the pump is derived from surrounding pressure within the compression chamber.

Abstract: A fuel feed and fuel vaporization system for an internal combustion engine comprising a closed circuit feed line and a separate intake for air and for fuel. Each intake having a preset and predetermined and adjustable flow meter regulator valve connected to a transducer and accelerator lever for controlling the flow of air and fuel according to the size and capacity of the engine. The air and fuel are electrically heated by a series of resistive elements inside separate heat exchange units located inside the intake manifold and casing before mixing in a common heat exchange and being fed though a series of electrically operated valves into the combustion chamber of the engine. No carburetor or fuel injection system is needed. A thermostat or time delay controls the temperature to the heat exchange.

Abstract: This device relates to a novel system for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine. The system includes a two-stage evaporator serially mounted within the fuel supply system of the internal combustion engine. The evaporator includes a first stage having fuel supply orifices to inject fuel at the top of a chamber in which are mounted a pair of spaced thermal discs. The evaporated fuel is then conducted to the second stage of the evaporator where it is further expanded in a spiral tube heated by, for example, exhaust gases and then conducted to a venturi stack via a fuel supply manifold to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. Use of the system results in increased gas mileage as the high degree of vaporization of the fuel results in a much greater efficiency in the burning thereof.

Abstract: A method for converting a retrograde substance from a liquid to a gaseous state comprising bringing the substance to a defined initial state of pressure and volume, and relaxing to a defined final state. The defined states correspond to regions on the pressure-volume diagram of the substance, the initial state lying to the lower volume side of a boundary defined by the branch of the critical isentrope lying to the greater pressure side of the critical point, and by the stability limit of the substance. The final state lies to the greater volume side of this boundary.

Abstract: A hot fuel gas generator for an internal combustion engine of the piston type vaporizes liquid fuel such as gasoline and delivers the same to the engine through a control valve which is responsive in operation to accelerator linkage controlling the internal combustion engine's operation. The hot fuel gas generator uses exhaust gases as a heat source and communicates with an adaptor block mounted on the inlet manifold of the internal combustion engine. A conventional carburetor may be carried on the adaptor block along with a conventional air cleaner as known in the art. The hot fuel gas generator separately makes superheated steam from a controlled amount of water and mixes the steam with the gasified fuel in a mixing chamber which is enclosed in a hollow body member through which hot exhaust gases from the equipped internal combustion engine are directed prior to their delivery to an exhaust system.

Abstract: A system vaporizes fuel for an internal combustion engine. This system has an auxiliary fuel tank connected to the main fuel pump. An auxiliary fuel pump has its intake connected to the auxiliary fuel tank and discharges into an auxiliary fuel line. The auxiliary fuel line passes through a preheater which heats the fuel through heat exchange with exhaust from the engine. The preheated fuel passes to a vaporizer chamber. The vaporizer chamber is electrically heated to vaporize the fuel, which then passes to the carburetor for mixing with air. The system has a bypass line to deliver an increased amount of fuel to the vaporizer chamber if the engine is accelerated. Valves and thermostats enable operation of the engine using conventional liquid fuel until the heat exchanger and vaporizer chamber reach operating temperature.

Abstract: A device for vaporizing liquid fuel for increasing burn efficiency within an internal combustion engine has been provided. Fuel is injected by means of a fuel injector (I) in timed sequence without the presence of air into a closed vacuum chamber (C) wherein the droplets of fuel are immediately changed to gaseous form. A pressurized oil lubrication system lubricates the piston walls and provides a vapor barrier within a rolling piston vacuum pump (P). Heat exchange means (H,H') are provided to maintain the temperature of the gaseous fuel substantially constant and at a lower vapor point to minimize recondensation as it is supplied to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. Control means (U) are provided to adjust both the frequency and duration of the injection liquid fuel droplets into the vacuum chamber (C).

Abstract: There is disclosed an evaporation chamber for converting liquid fuel to a gaseous state prior to introducing the fuel into the carburetor. The evaporation chamber consists of an outer housing and an inner housing. The inner housing is in thermal contact with the outer housing and contains a network consisting of a stacking of steel turnings which produces a sponge like surface. Exhaust gas from the engine are introduced into an inlet port which communicates with the outer housing to heat the fuel which is injected into the inner housing.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle with heated valve for flash boiling of fuel during injection includes a nozzle body of electrical conductive material with a spring biased valve of electrical conductive material operatively positioned in an axial extending fuel passage within the nozzle body so as to control the flow of fuel out through a discharge outlet at one end of the nozzle body. An electrical insulator sleeve encircles and is fixed to the valve intermediate the ends thereof so as to support a coiled electrical heater wire that is connected at one end to the valve adjacent to its tip end and which is connected at its opposite end to an electrical conductor sleeve that is fixed to the insulator sleeve.

Abstract: An engine fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine having an intake manifold, intake ports open to the intake manifold, an exhaust manifold and exhaust ports open to the exhaust manifold. The fuel supply system includes an enclosed heat exchange chamber heated by the exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold, a fuel vapor generator having a heat conductive fuel vaporizing conduit leading straight through the heat exchange chamber and the wall of the intake manifold to discharge fuel vaporized in the heat exchange chamber through a restricted orifice directly into the intake ports inside of the manifold.

Abstract: A method of reducing ignition delay, .tau., of fuels to negligible values and negligible differences is disclosed. Fuels conditioned to have such negligible values and differences are readily used in multiple fuel engines, such fuels self-ignite substantially instantaneously when injected into an oxidant, require substantially no heat transfer from the oxidant to effect the self-ignition, and the self-ignition is sufficient to sustain continued combustion.

Abstract: A system for modifying and utilizing hydrocarbon fuels in the operation of internal combustion engines wherein increased fuel efficiency and reduction in amount of polluting products of combustion produced are realized. Hydrocarbon fuels normally entirely consumed in the operation of internal combustion engines are modified by separating lighter, highly volatile fractions of a paraffinic and ultrafast burning nature from the fuels and utilizing substantially only the lighter fractions for fueling the internal combustion engine, with the heavier fractions being stored separately from the original hydrocarbon fuel source. The lighter fractions permit operating the engine with a lean fuel mixture having a higher than stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio, thereby better accommodating the characteristic intermittent fuel demand of the operator, reducing the production of undesirable nitrogen oxides, permitting the engine to operate at reduced operating temperatures and prolonging the useful life of engine components.

Abstract: A fuel system for an internal combustion engine of the piston type vaporizes liquid fuel such as gasoline and delivers the same through a series of intercommunicating control valves, two of which are responsive in operation to inlet manifold pressure in the internal combustion engine and another of which is responsive in operation to accelerator linkage for controlling the internal combustion engine's operation. The system includes a hot fuel gas generator which is preferably electrically energized, a device for delivering liquid fuel to the generator and tubes establishing communication between the generator, the inlet manifold pressure responsive valves, the accelerator linkage mechanical control valve, and an adaptor block mounted on the inlet manifold of the internal combustion engine. A conventional carburetor may be carried on the adaptor block along with a conventional air cleaner as known in the art.

Abstract: A circulating fuel heating system for internal combustion engines of both gas and diesel types. The system is sizeable through staged heat exchanger components to provide the necessary fuel heating for various engine sizes and fuel consumption rates. The system basically comprises a plurality of staged fuel/hot water heat exchangers, a fuel controller interposed between the heat exchangers and the carburetor bowl, a by-pass/metering valve and a vapor capture system for returning unused fuel to the heat exchanger and a fuel/exhaust manifold heat exchanger operably connected to the controller to satisfy initial heating requirements for the period after cold-engine starting.

Abstract: Means for supplying a fuel/air mixture to an internal combustion engine comprises a housing, means for injecting fuel into the housing, means for transferring sufficient heat to the fuel so that substantially all the fuel is vaporized when it leaves the housing, means for admitting air into the housing to form a mixture with the vaporized fuel, outlet conduit means for conducting the mixture out of the housing for combustion in the engine and, preferably, rotor means positioned in the outlet conduit means for rotation by the gases passing through the outlet conduit means.

Abstract: A internal combustion engine fuel vaporizing device, including a vaporator tank assembly and air mixture assembly, connect by a tube. The vaporizing device consists of a fuel intake and float mechanism, a number of air intakes, some of which may include the catalytic device attachment and supplemental heater coils and a non-volatile particle reservoir. The air mixture consists of an air intake, two anti-backfire devices, a baffle system and a throttle mechanism.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed housing provides an enclosure for low and high pressure gaseous fuel vapor chambers and for a liquid fuel receiving reservoir which receives liquid fuel such as gas from the fuel tank of a vehicle. The reservoir has a vapor space above the liquid fuel therein, and a pair of vacuum operated pumps serve to pump vapor from the vapor space sequentially to the low and high pressure chambers. Check valves are provided to prevent backflow of gaseous vapor toward the vapor space, and the high pressure chamber is provided with an outlet connectable to the air induction passage of an internal combustion engine for delivering gaseous vapor thereto. The outlet from the high pressure chamber is connected to the air induction passage through a pressure regulator valve and throttle valves which are closed when the engine is shut down so that vapor is maintained in the second chamber at the high pressure thereof when the engine is stopped.