Abstract: An engine system in which blow-by gas with a specific gravity less than 1 with reference to air is generatable includes a cylinder block. The cylinder block includes a cylinder and a crank chamber which are arranged in an up/down direction, the crank chamber being positioned below the cylinder. An internal peripheral face of the cylinder block has a ventilation port that connects to a ventilation passage that connects an internal space of the crank chamber with an external space out of the cylinder block, and that is open. The ventilation port is placed above a center in the up/down direction in the crank chamber.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems and methods are disclosed including a breather remote from an engine housing. The breather can be configured to be in fluid communication with a blow-by gas of the engine, and an oil separating apparatus. The breather can be configured to separate oil from the blow-by gas with a first filter media. The oil separating apparatus can be configured to be in fluid communication with the blow-by gas and can be configured to further separate oil from the blow-by gas with a second filter media. The breather and the oil separating apparatus can be configured to be coupled directly together such that an outlet of the breather communicates directly with an inlet of the oil separating apparatus with no intermediate component therebetween facilitating communication.

Abstract: A blow-by gas filtration assembly has an axis and includes an assembly body including a filtration chamber, an inlet mouth for filtering the blow-by gases, and an outlet mouth for the filtered blow-by gases. A filter group includes a central cavity radially crossed by blow-by gases. An electric drive operatively connects to the filter group to command rotation about the axis and filtration, and includes an electric motor including a stator and rotor. An axial shaft includes a filter portion mounting the filter group, a command portion mounting the rotor, and a support portion axially between the filter and command portions. A support bearing radially engages the support portion and the assembly body. The filter assembly screwably engages the filter group and filter portion, by respective filter and shaft threads so the filter group screws to the shaft until the support bearing is axially engaged.

Abstract: In a combustion engine, an exit stream of blow-by gases follows a fluid pathway through an oil and air separator and a breather filter, the oil and air separator including a first housing including a central chamber therein, the central chamber divided into a first outer portion and a second inner portion by a barrier; a filter material disposed between the first outer portion and the second inner portion; a cap directly coupled to the first housing, the cap including a first lumen therethrough, the first lumen including a first end disposed at the second inner portion; and a coupler removably coupling the cap and an extension portion including a second lumen therethrough.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and a device for checking the functionality of a crankcase ventilation system of an internal combustion engine. The crankcase ventilation system includes two crankcase ventilation lines arranged between a crankcase outlet of a crankcase and an associated introduction point into an air path of the internal combustion engine, via which crankcase ventilation lines gas can be introduced from the crankcase into the air path. The method includes measuring a pressure in the crankcase, supplying the measured pressure values to a control unit, and calculating the gradient of the measured pressure. The method also includes performing a gradient check, checking whether the gradient satisfies a specified criterion, and returning to the measurement of the pressure if the gradient satisfies the specified criterion. The method also includes recording an entry in a fault memory if the gradient does not satisfy the specified criterion.

Abstract: An emissions evacuator system that collects natural gas vented from various components of a natural gas compressor system and directs the vented gases to the intake system of a natural gas engine of the compressor system. The evacuator system utilizes vacuum from an intake system of the natural gas engine contained on compressor packages to “suck up” the gaseous emissions from various emission sources on the compressor package. These emissions are rendered inert when combusted in the natural gas engine.

Abstract: An oil return valve for a crankcase ventilation system of an internal combustion engine is provided that is essentially situated in the crankcase (3) and includes a valve cylinder (1) and at least one valve pipe (2).

Abstract: Disclosed is a new air intake system of an engine including a blow-by gas flow line configured to allow blow-by gas to flow into an intake manifold by recirculating the blow-by gas using a pressure difference according to load of the engine, an intake gas supply line configured to allow intake gas to flow therethrough, the intake gas supply line including a throttle valve configured to control an amount of the intake gas and a turbocharger configured to compress the intake gas, a new air supply line branched from the intake gas supply line and connected to the crankcase, the new air supply line allowing new air to selectively flow into the crankcase, and a new air bypass line configured to allow, when a part of the intake gas is selectively bypassed by the pressure difference, the part of the intake gas to flow into the crankcase.

Abstract: A method for operating an active oil separator for separating oil from exhaust air of a crankcase of a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine. An engine operating state of the internal combustion engine is detected. A first SET rotational speed of the oil separator is determined as a function of the detected engine operating state and a first characteristic map. A maximum SET rotational speed of the oil separator is determined as a function of the first SET rotational speed by the determination device. A preferred SET rotational speed is determined on the basis of the maximum SET rotational speed by a determination device. An electric motor is controlled to drive the oil separator at the preferred SET rotational speed by a control device. A device is also provided for separating oil from exhaust air of a crankcase of a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided for an aircharger air intake system for filtering and conducting an airstream to an air intake of an engine. The aircharger air intake system includes an air filter comprising a filter medium configured to entrap particulates flowing within the airstream. An air box comprising one or more sidewalls and a mount wall is configured to support the air filter within an engine bay. The air box is configured to be mounted, or fastened, onto the engine. An intake tube is coupled with the air filter and configured to conduct the airstream to the air intake of the engine. The intake tube is configured to be coupled with an air temperature sensor or a mass air sensor of the engine. An adapter is configured to couple the intake tube with the air intake.

Abstract: An object separator may include a substrate, a fluid channel supported by the substrate, a pair of electrodes along the fluid channel to form a dielectrophoretic force to interact with an object entrained in a fluid, and an inertial pump supported by the substrate and positioned within the fluid channel to move the fluid along the fluid channel.

Abstract: An engine includes: an exhaust manifold 7 close to one of left and right side surfaces of an engine; a turbocharger 60 having an exhaust-side inlet connected to the exhaust manifold 7; and a rocker-arm-chamber-integrated intake manifold 8 being disposed on an upper surface of a cylinder head 5 and integrally including a rocker arm chamber 90 and an intake manifold 6. The intake manifold 8 has a wall 101 dividing the rocker arm chamber 90 close to the one of the left and right side surfaces of the engine 1 and the intake manifold 6 close to the other of the left and right side surfaces to isolate the rocker arm chamber 90 and the intake manifold 6 from each other. The rocker arm chamber 90 has, in its upper portion, a positive crankcase ventilation device 69 protruding therefrom and being configured to return blowby gas to an intake system.

Abstract: There is provided a lubricating structure for a power transmission mechanism in which a crankshaft is coupled to a piston disposed in a cylinder bore and in which power is transmitted from the crankshaft to a camshaft. The lubricating structure includes: an idler gear that is configured to transmit power from the crankshaft to the camshaft; and an idler gear shaft that supports the idler gear via a bearing. One end portion of the idler gear shaft protrudes into the cylinder bore, and an oil passage configured to guide oil from the cylinder bore to the bearing is formed in the idler gear shaft.

Abstract: An improved crankshaft for an internal combustion engine with a self-pumping feature for oil to lubricate the rod bearing journals. Leading faces of the lobes carrying the rod bearing journals contain funnel ports to gather oil as the crankshaft rotates about its axis of rotation. The funnel ports are fluidly connected to an internal passageway within the crankpin. Outlet ports oriented radially inwards and outwards from the internal passageway allow the oil to flow into the space between the crankpin and the rod bearing. In this way, as the crankshaft rotates within the crank housing, oil captured by the funnel ports flows through the internal passageway and through the outlet ports so as to lubricate the rod bearing around the crankpin.

Abstract: A system for feeding operating gas to a drive (1) of a motor vehicle, including an atmosphere-side suction inlet (2a) for air under atmospheric pressure, and a feed line (2) for the operating gas to the drive (1) under an operating pressure, the operating gas which is conducted to the drive comprising at least part of the air which is sucked in, at least part of the operating gas being conducted through a turbomachine (3) upstream of the drive (1) in a first operating type, the turbomachine (3) comprising an electric generator (4), and the turbomachine (3) being operated in a second operating type as a compressor for the operating gas, an actuable valve arrangement (5) being provided, at least part of the air which is sucked in being conducted in a turbine direction (T) through the turbomachine (3) in a first position of the valve arrangement (5), and at least part of the air which is sucked in being conducted in a reversed compressor direction (V) through the turbomachine (3) in a second position of the valv

Abstract: A blow-by gas filtration assembly (1) fluidly connects an internal combustion engine crankcase ventilation circuit to receive blow-by gases and filter from the gases the suspended particles contained therein. The filtration assembly (1) includes a hollow cylindrical filter group (2) which can be radially crossed by the blow-by gases. In addition, the filtration assembly (1) has a control group (3) that supports and commands in rotation the filter group (2) including: i) a hollow shaft (4) extending along the axis (X-X) in the filter group (2), defining an inner duct (400) fluidly connected with the central cavity (200) for the circulation of the blow-by gases. An electric motor (5) includes a stator (51) and a hollow rotor (52) operatively connected to the hollow shaft (4) to receive an electromagnetic control action from the stator (51) and command in rotation the hollow shaft (4) and thus the filter group (2).

Abstract: A displacement machine is for acting on a working fluid and is provided with a lubricant and working fluid separator. The fluid separator has a separator volume constrained by a shielding member, a first fluid channel providing fluid communication between a first and second inner volumes and the separator volume, a second fluid channel providing fluid communication between the separator volume and a working fluid return volume. The fluid separator, the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel are fully contained within a full volume of the displacement machine. A method is for separating lubricant and working fluid in a displacement machine.

Abstract: There is provided a blowby gas atmosphere releasing device 20 for an engine 1 in which an intake flow path 3 is disposed at one side of an engine body 2 and an exhaust flow path 4 is disposed at the other side. The blowby gas atmosphere releasing device 20 includes an oil separator 22 that is connected to the engine body 2 and separates oil contained in blowby gas, and an atmosphere releasing pipe 23 that is connected to the oil separator 22 and is used to release the blowby gas to the atmosphere. The atmosphere releasing pipe 23 is disposed along the other side of the engine body 2.

Abstract: An engine includes: an exhaust manifold 7 close to one of left and right side surfaces of an engine; a turbocharger 60 having an exhaust-side inlet connected to the exhaust manifold 7; and a rocker-arm-chamber-integrated intake manifold 8 being disposed on an upper surface of a cylinder head 5 and integrally including a rocker arm chamber 90 and an intake manifold 6. The intake manifold 8 has a wall 101 dividing the rocker arm chamber 90 close to the one of the left and right side surfaces of the engine 1 and the intake manifold 6 close to the other of the left and right side surfaces to isolate the rocker arm chamber 90 and the intake manifold 6 from each other. The rocker arm chamber 90 has, in its upper portion, a positive crankcase ventilation device 69 protruding therefrom and being configured to return blowby gas to an intake system.

Abstract: This oil return structure is provided with a flow passage body configured to return oil into an engine body which communicates with an oil storage section of the engine, the oil having been separated from a blow-by gas by an oil separation means. The upstream end of the flow passage body is connected to the oil separation means, at least a portion of the downstream side of the flow passage body protrudes into the engine body from the inner wall thereof, and an oil discharge opening at tire downstream end of the flow passage body is disposed at a position not immersed in oil within the oil storage section.

Abstract: A positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) outlet anti-freezing device of an intake manifold of a vehicle engine includes a first guide and a second guide formed adjacent to a PCV outlet within an inlet tube of the intake manifold to block direct contact between fresh air and a PCV gas, thereby preventing condensation and freezing of the PCV gas. The first guide and the second guide also can improve flow distribution of the intake manifold by improving fluidity of the fresh air.

Abstract: This blowby gas discharging device is provided with a heating chamber 24 which is interposed midway along a blowby gas pipeline, is formed in a flywheel housing 10 of an internal combustion engine, and heats blowby gas. The internal combustion engine is provided with a power transmission mechanism 13 for transmitting power from a crankshaft 6 to a camshaft 7, and a mechanism chamber 14 accommodating the power transmission mechanism. The heating chamber is adjacent to the mechanism chamber across a separating wall 41, and a retaining portion 60 for causing oil inside the mechanism chamber to be retained is provided in the separating wall.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided for an aircharger air intake system for filtering and conducting an airstream to an air intake of an engine. The aircharger air intake system includes an air filter comprising a filter medium configured to entrap particulates flowing within the airstream. An air box comprising one or more sidewalls and a mount wall is configured to support the air filter within an engine bay. The air box is configured to be mounted, or fastened, onto the engine. An intake tube is coupled with the air filter and configured to conduct the airstream to the air intake of the engine. The intake tube is configured to be coupled with an air temperature sensor or a mass air sensor of the engine. An adapter is configured to couple the intake tube with the air intake.

Abstract: A prime mover includes an engine, a fan to generate a cooling airflow around the engine, an air-intake tube to supply outside air to the engine, a connection tube to supply, to the air-intake tube, a blow-by gas generated in the engine, and a wind shielding member to shield the connection tube from the cooling airflow, the wind shielding member being arranged around the connection tube.

Abstract: A breather device for an outboard motor engine, the outboard motor engine including a breather chamber formed in an engine main body, and an intake passage guiding air into the engine main body, in which an intake port of the intake passage is open inside an engine cover that covers the engine main body, the breather device includes a resonator chamber communicating with an upstream side of the intake passage, and a breather passage extending from the breather chamber and communicating with the resonator chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a crankcase and a cylinder head. The cylinder head and the crankcase delimit at least one cylinder in which a translationally moving piston is arranged. A water injection device injects water into the at least one cylinder. A crankcase ventilation device is fluidically connected to the crankcase. A blow-by mixture containing injection water can flow through the crankcase ventilation device. The crankcase ventilation device has an activated charcoal filter. The blow-by mixture containing the injection water can flow through the activated charcoal filter.

Abstract: A ventilation apparatus of an internal combustion engine of the invention ventilates a chain chamber by recirculating blow-by gas to an intake passage through a blow-by gas recirculation pipe and introducing air into the chain chamber through an air introduction pipe. The air introduction pipe is secured to a head cover wall portion which corresponds to a portion of a head cover wall which defines the chain chamber.

Abstract: The head cover for an engine includes a gas passage in the head cover, a gas outlet formed on a head cover wall at a terminal end portion of the gas passage in the head cover, a gas intermediate outlet portion formed in the head cover wall so as to face space inside the head cover except the gas passage in the head cover, and a gas intermediate inlet portion formed in the head cover wall so as to face the gas passage in the head cover, in which an opening specification in which through holes penetrating the head cover wall are formed and a closing specification in which the through holes are not formed can be selected for the gas intermediate outlet portion and the gas intermediate inlet portion.

Abstract: A vehicle axle housing having a lower bowl portion with a bottom portion connected to a bottom portion of an axle half shaft housing at a first connection portion. A second connection portion connects a first wall of the lower bowl to a first wall of the axle half shaft housing and a third connection portion connects a second wall of the lower bowl to a second wall of the axle half shaft housing. Disposed in the second and third connection portions is one or more first and second attachment holes. A lubrication fluid baffle including a first end portion having a first bent portion, a middle portion having a second bent portion and a second end portion having a third bent portion. Extending from each side of the second bent portion is a first tab and a second tab that are disposed within the first and second attachment holes.

Abstract: The combination of a gas-pressure-driven pump jet nozzle or alternatively Coanda effect nozzle with an impactor nozzle(s) in an air-oil separator for separating oil from blow-by gasses from a crankcase of an internal combustion engine, or for separating liquid aerosol from gas, in general. Such combination enhances impaction efficiency and enables operation at higher pressure differentials (or pressure drop) (“dP”) without causing excessive backpressure in the air-oil separator.

Abstract: A separator system comprises a main separator, and an additional separator including one of a pre-separator, post separator, or line-of-sight baffle. The additional separator separates liquid particles from an air/liquid mixture and comprises an inlet, an air outlet, a liquid outlet, and a plurality of posts disposed between the inlet and the air outlet. The posts are arranged in a staggered array and comprise a convex end portion having an impaction surface, a portion of liquid particles from the air/liquid mixture adhering as a liquid film to the impaction surface, and a hook end portion positioned downstream the convex end portion and including hooks having an end and a collection pocket disposed between the impaction surface and the end. The collection pocket collects the portion of liquid particles adhered as the liquid film to the impaction surface.

Abstract: An oil separator for separating oil droplets and/or oil mist from gases, in particular from blow-by gases of an internal combustion engine is described.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a crankcase with a base and an oil tank, wherein a first connection between the crankcase and the oil tank is formed with a first valve, which is open in the direction from the crankcase to the oil tank and closed in the opposite direction, and a second connection between the crankcase and the oil tank is formed with a second valve, which is open in the direction from the oil tank to the crankcase and is closed in the opposite direction. The first valve is arranged on the base of the crankcase and the second valve is arranged above the first valve.

Abstract: A lubricant supply apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a lubricant shower and a baffle plate. The lubricant shower is disposed between a camshaft and a cylinder head cover attached to a cylinder head. The lubricant shower includes a supply port from which a lubricant is supplied to the camshaft. The baffle plate is disposed between the camshaft and the lubricant shower such that a clearance is provided between the baffle plate and the lubricant shower. The baffle plate includes a hole provided at a position at which the hole of the baffle plate overlaps with the supply port of the lubricant shower. The camshaft is provided with a cam. The supply port of the lubricant shower and the hole of the baffle plate are located above the cam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cylinder head oil separator arranged in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. In order to reduce maintenance and simplify the oil separator, the cylinder head oil separator includes a flow channel which is constructed as a Tesla valve and which is designed such that the air-oil aerosol flows through a longer flow path in a first flow direction from the aerosol inlet at a first opening to the air outlet (separation direction) at a second opening. The air-oil aerosol flows through a shorter flow path in a ventilation direction opposite the separation direction from the inlet at the second opening to the outlet of a fluid at the first opening.

Abstract: The invention describes an internal combustion engine having at least one crankcase, at least one cylinder head, at least one cylinder head cover, at least one oil separator and at least one oil pan for collecting returning oil as well as having at least one oil return channel that connects the oil separator and the oil pan.

Abstract: An air-oil separator assembly can include an air-oil mixture inlet, an air outlet, and an oil outlet, a housing defining a cylindrical separating cavity, and an outlet conduit disposed within the separating cavity, wherein, outlet conduit is adapted to receive oil removed by the air-oil separator assembly from a flow containing an air-oil mixture fluid received by the air-oil mixture inlet.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cooling system for an internal combustion engine, and is particularly suitable for cooling emission gases from electronically controlled, Tier 3 fuel injection engines [12] used in trackless mining machinery, wherein the fuel injection engine [12] includes an exhaust manifold [14], a turbocharger [16], and a catalytic converter [18] through which the emission gasses sequentially pass before they are released to atmosphere. The cooling system [10] comprises an exhaust manifold housing [20] for at least partially encasing the exhaust manifold [14], a turbocharger housing [34] for at least partially encasing the turbocharger [16], and a catalytic converter housing [92] for at least partially encasing the catalytic converter [18]. The cooling system [10] also comprises an exhaust cooler [118] adapted for rapidly cooling emission gasses exiting the catalytic converter [18] before they are released to atmosphere.

Abstract: To provide a vehicle that includes a balancer mechanism for reducing vibration of the engine and can leave a space margin for increasing the fuel tank in size and/or arranging equipment or components at the rear of the cylinder and above the crankcase. A vehicle includes: an engine mounted on a body frame. The engine comprises a crankcase with a ceiling wall, a crankshaft provided in the crankcase, and a balancer mechanism for reducing vibration of the engine by power transmitted from the crankshaft. The balancer mechanism comprises an idler gear disposed behind the crankshaft and rotated by power transmitted from the crankshaft, and a first balancer disposed behind the idler gear and rotated by power transmitted from the idler gear. The idler gear and the first balancer are disposed along the ceiling wall.

Abstract: In an engine that includes a blow-by-gas returning system configured to direct blow-by gas within a crankcase to an intake system through an inside of a head cover, the intake system includes a cover intake-passage disposed at a blow-by-gas outlet of the head cover, and the cover intake-passage communicates with a blow-by-gas passage of the blow-by-gas outlet.

Abstract: A blow-by gas return device includes: a gas path which is configured to introduce a blow-by gas generated in a crankcase into an intake system through an inside of a head cover, a pressure control valve and a blow-by pipe; and an orifice provided to the gas path, the orifice mounted on a wall portion of an intake manifold on a cylinder head side. A passage for a blow-by gas is formed in the wall portion on the cylinder head side, and the orifice is formed on a joint pipe mounted on the passage for the blow-by gas for communicably connecting the blow-by pipe with the passage for the blow-by gas.

Abstract: A positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system includes: an oil separator separating oil from blow-by gases; a PCV valve allowing the blow-by gases from which the oil has been separated by the oil separator to flow into intake ports of a cylinder head; a PCV passage vertically extending from the PCV valve; a PCV chamber connected to the PCV passage; and a plurality of bypass passages branching off from the PCV chamber to the intake ports, respectively.

Abstract: Certain exemplary aspects of the present disclosure are directed towards an apparatus for electrostatic fluid filtration. The apparatus utilizing alternating positive and negative electrodes in conjunction with filter media there between to filter contaminants from a fluid flow.

Abstract: A PCV valve mounting structure includes a cylinder head of an engine, an intake manifold coupled with the cylinder head to form a blow-by gas passage. A PCV valve is disposed in the blow-by gas passage. The PCV valve includes a valve case and a plurality of seal members elastically supporting the valve case on the cylinder head and the intake manifold. The PCV valve is configured to control a flow rate of the blow-by gas depending on the negative intake pressure of the engine. The PCV valve has a measuring passage configured to adjust the flow rate of the blow-by gas and positioned upstream of the seal members. An annular space is formed between the cylinder head and the valve case. The annular space extends in the lengthwise longitudinal axial direction from an upstream end of the valve case.

Abstract: A positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system for an internal combustion engine having an air induction system configured to supply air to the includes a PCV line configured to fluidly couple between a crankcase of the engine and the air induction system, a condenser disposed on the PCV line and configured to condense water vapor and fuel vapor contained in blow-by gases received from the crankcase to separate the water vapor and fuel vapor from the blow-by gases and form a water/fuel mixture and a lean blow-by gas, and an oil separator disposed on the PCV line and configured to receive the lean blow-by gas from the condenser and separate oil therefrom to form a filtered blow-by gas for return to the air induction system.

Abstract: An oil separator separating mist oil from processing-target gas includes: a case, a first partition wall and a lower, second partition wall, both partitioning vertically an internal space of the case; a partition dividing a space between the first and second partition walls into an introduction path and a first chamber; a supply hole vertically penetrating the second partition wall from the introduction path to a separation chamber; a communication hole vertically penetrating the second partition wall from the first chamber to the separation chamber; a rotor in the separation chamber; a center-side space in a center part of the rotor, the center-side space communicating with the supply hole through an open, upper part of the center-side space. The rotor separates the mist oil from the processing-target gas flowing from the center-side space to an outer periphery of the rotor, where the separated oil is emitted. The processing-target gas flows into the first chamber through the communication hole.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (10) fitted with a carburetor (40) is provided with a fire-resistant cover member (62) having a front wall (65A) facing an air inlet port (44) of the carburetor, and a breather tube (60) having an inlet end (60A) connected to a crank chamber (28) of the internal combustion engine main body, and an outlet end (60B) supported by the cover member at a position located between the front wall and the carburetor.

Abstract: A PCED can include an outer can, an upper lid having an upper lid intake and an upper lid exhaust, a lower lid having a lower lid exhaust, and an internal frame disposed within the can. With the internal frame disposed within the can, first, second, third, and fourth chambers can be formed, with the first chamber containing a coalescing material. Gases from a combustion engine crankcase can enter the PCED via the upper lid intake, move through the chambers, and exit the PCED via the upper lid exhaust and return to the crankcase. While moving through the chambers, impurities within the gas convert to liquid form via condensation, collect in the second chamber, and can be subsequently drained from the PCED via the lower lid exhaust.

Abstract: An air cleaner backing plate for coupling to an engine disclosed herein includes a first side to be coupled to an engine and a second side opposite the first side. The backing plate further includes an intake aperture to be aligned with an air intake port of the engine and a tube coupled to the backing plate. The backing plate may further include a reservoir and/or a circular attachment coupled thereto.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a manifold assembly with internal fluid communication between a first manifold defining a first fluid chamber and a second manifold defining a second fluid chamber of the manifold assembly, the first manifold and the second manifold joined in parallel relationship along a longitudinally extending interface between a wall of the first manifold and a wall of the second manifold. The method includes: forming a first access port in a wall of one of the first manifold and the second manifold diametrically opposite the interface; forming a first fluid communication port extending through a wall of the first manifold and a wall of the second manifold at the interface and defining a first fluid passage between the first and second fluid chambers; and sealingly plugging the access port.