Abstract: An internal combustion engine having at least one variable volume combustion chamber with an intake passage leading thereto, an ignition element for igniting an air/fuel mixture in the chamber, an exhaust passage leading therefrom and including a catalyst in communication therewith, and an emission control for controlling the emission content is disclosed. Preferably, the emission control comprises a mechanism for closing the intake passage leading to the chamber in the event an engine abnormality is detected and an engine ignition misfire mode is employed, thereby preventing the emission of unburned air and fuel into the exhaust passage leading to the catalyst.

Abstract: An aspirating thermodynamic valve capable of controlling the flow of fuel mixture and air from the carburetor to the crankcase of a two-stroke engine includes a hollow body placed between the joint of the crankcase and the joint of the carburetor, along with suitably interpositioned seals. The valve includes a bush, the extremity of which is placed inside of the body and is cut out according to a predetermined inclination; furthermore, it includes a wall which is hinged by one end and is capable of closing the extremity.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of induction system arrangements for a two cycle crankcase compression internal combustion engine having reed valve assemblies comprised of a mounting portion that defines a flow passage and a first caging member that divides the flow passage into first and second sections. A second caging member is affixed to the first caging member and the means which affixes it also affix a first reed valve for valving a valved opening in the first caging member. The valved openings in the caging members are generally rectangular in configuration and have a cross-sectional flow area approximately equal to the cross-sectional flow area of the intake passage in which the reed valve assembly is positioned. At least a pair of generally circular induction passages serve each reed valve member and a variety of different types of throttle valve arrangements and injection patterns are disclosed.

Abstract: A high flow one-way or reed valve mechanism for use in the air/fuel supply system of an internal combustion engine. The reed valve comprising of a reed cage, reed cage ports, and reeds. The reed cage containing two converging main walls and two end walls. Each main wall is afforded multiple width wise reed cage ports. Each reed cage port is covered with a flexible reed. The high flow reed valve is designed to deliver large air/fuel flows into the cylinder of an engine while eliminating detrimental back flow and pressure fluctuations into the air/fuel supply source.

Abstract: An improved scavenging control system for a multi-cylinder, V-type, two-cycle crankcase compression internal combustion engine. In each embodiment, a scavenging manifold extends along one side of the crankcase chamber and communicates with the individual sealed sections therein through respective scavenging control passages. A plurality of butterfly-type throttle valves controls the communication between the crankcase chamber and the scavenging manifold and these valves are all affixed on a common valve shaft. In one embodiment, the scavenge control system is disposed in the valley between the cylinder banks and in the other illustrated embodiment, the scavenging system is disposed on one side of the crankcase and outside of the valley between the cylinder banks.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an engine having a reed type valve in the induction system. The injection system is designed and controlled so that the fuel that is injected is injected substantially entirely before the reed type valve is closed. The time of closing of the reed type valve is determined either by measuring the pressure differential or by recording data indicative of the valve closing in response to various engine running conditions such as speed and/or load.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine cylinder block is formed with communication ports allowing communication between cylinders that, when assembled with pistons and a crankshaft, are 180.degree. out of phase. This allows the trapped mass of air beneath a piston to flow beneath a piston in a different cylinder 180.degree. out of phase. As a result, advancing and returning pistons are matched to effectively balance pressures.

Abstract: A polymer composite reed for a reed valve is provided, wherein the reed has improved mechanical properties as a result of its construction and is highly resistant to chemical and thermal attack. The improved mechanical properties of the reed are primarily due to the reed being reinforced with two plies of fabric having a harness satin weave, which provides the reed with a flexural modulus that is substantially greater in one direction of the reed. The chemical and thermal properties are primarily due to the semicrystalline thermoplastic material from which the reed is formed. In addition, the thermoplastic material enhances the fracture toughness of the reed to improve the durability of the reed. As a result, the reed is highly suitable for applications requiring long life under high speed, cyclic loading, such as that found in two-stroke and four-stroke internal combustion engines for the automobile industry.

Abstract: A reed valve assembly is mounted in a valve chamber formed in an intake passage of a crankcase of a two-stroke cycle engine and the reed valve assembly comprises a box-shaped valve body having a base end opened and secured to an intake pipe and a front end converging towards the crankcase, the valve body being provided with valve openings formed to side surfaces of the valve body, and reed valves resiliently provided for the valve openings. The valve chamber has opposing inner wall surfaces gently curved outwardly for forming expanded portions between the side surfaces of the valve body and the expanded surfaces of the valve chamber. The curved surfaces of the inner wall surfaces of the valve body converge towards an interior of the crankcase with an inclination of about 10 to 20 degrees and a maximum lateral width of each of the expanded portions is defined to about 5 to 10 mm.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of improved reed valve mechanisms for reciprocating machines wherein an arrangement is provided by employing a magnet releasably restraining the valve element in one of its positions so as to permit a stiffer valve to be employed while, at the same time, insuring against loss of volumetric efficiency and control. An adjustable stopper plate is also described.

Abstract: An improved reed valve mechanism having a cushioned reed valve seat is disclosed. The present invention provides a smooth resilient insert which is attached around ports in a reed cage and projects beyond the reed cage surface on which the reed valve members seat. The benefits of conventional rubber coated reed cages are supplied without the expenses inherent in previous construction methods. Various mechanical mounting means are disclosed for ease in construction and improved reed valve performance.

Abstract: An improved reed valve arrangement for a two cycle engine wherein in addition to the normal reed valve elements and stopper plates, there are provided rectifier plates that define a flow passage so as to direct the charge away from the walls of the engine that define the associated intake passage.

Abstract: An inlet manifold active reed valve for an internal combustion spark ignition engine comprises a solenoid activated reed just upstream of the inlet poppet valve of a four stroke engine. For a two stroke engine the active reed valve is located at the entrance to the crankcase and activated by one or more miniature solenoids attached to the valve body. As an alternative, the new valve is a rotary disc valve reciprocated by an external solenoid or a rotary activator. The valve opens fully for full unrestricted flow (unthrottled) during a portion of the time the inlet valve or part is open (in terms of crankshaft angle). The portion of crankshaft angle the new valve is fully open is determined by the engine load. Under full load the new valve may be held constantly open to provide unrestricted flow to the engine inlet valve or crankcase. In the above embodiments an electronic control unit energizes the solenoid or activator in response to engine operating conditions and pollution control regulations.

Abstract: An apparatus for supercharging a four cycle internal combustion engine has at least one inlet reed or check valve and at least one outlet reed or check valve associated with each cylinder of the internal combustion engine. The crankcase of the engine is maintained air tight and if the engine is multi-cylindered, the crankcase must be provided with some form of air tight separation between each cylinder inside the crankcase. When the engine is rotating, each up-stroke of each piston causes an air charge to enter the respective crankcase section for that cylinder through its associated inlet reed or check valve. Each down-stroke of the piston causes compression of the charge in the associated section of the crankshaft and delivery of this pressurized charge through the associated outlet reed or check valve.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine comprising at least one cylinder having a combustion chamber, an exhaust duct connected to the combustion chamber, at least one duct for the intake of fresh gas compressed by a compression device for delivering said fresh compressed gas, at least a first rotary valve opens and closes the exhaust duct and at least a second rotary valve feeds fluid into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A rotary valve assembly is provided for use in a combination engine, wherein the valve assembly is adjustable for variable valve timing during engine operation. The rotary valve assembly comprises a rotary valve plate formed by a pair of valve leaves mounted coaxially in overlapping relation and defining an open arcuate valve port. The valve plate is rotatably mounted to extend across and thereby open and close an engine valve passage, such as an intake passage in a two-stroke combustion engine. An adjustment sleeve is provided to rotate the valve leaves during engine operation to rotate the valve leaves during engine operation in response to one or more selected engine operating conditions, to correspondingly and selectively adjust the engine valve timing.

Abstract: Several embodiments of engine intake systems that improve the charging efficiency by providing a closed branch passage which forms a volume in the intake tract between the throttle valve and the point of discharge into an engine chamber. The illustrated embodiments of the application of this concept is to both four and two cycle engines. In addition, a plenum chamber is illustrated for permitting the effective volume of the branch passage to be increased without unduly increasing its length. The branch passage outlet in certain embodiments is oriented so that its discharge during the intake cycle increases turbulence to improve combustion efficiency.

Abstract: Two embodiments of two cycle, crankcase compression engines wherein exhaust emissions are controlled by controlling the amount of scavenging air flow at low and mid ranges. The scavenging air flow is controlled by balance passages that interconnect at least two crankcase chambers of the engine and in which a control valve is provided. In one embodiment, the balance passage is positioned above the crankcase chambers and communicates with them through downwardly extending passages so as to preclude the likelihood of condensation of fuel or lubricant in the balance passages and to return any fuel or lubricant to the crankcase chambers.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method of construction of a reed valve mechanism having a cushioned reed valve seat is disclosed. The present invention provides a smooth resilient overlay plate which is attached around ports in a reed cage. The benefits of conventional rubber coated reed cages is supplied without the expenses inherent in previous construction methods. Various mechanical mounting means are disclosed for ease in construction and improved reed valve performance.

Abstract: A reed valve assembly includes a two ported base member adapted for placement within a fuel/air supply of an engine. The base has a reed cage with first and second reed cage faces defined on the downstream face such that the faces of the reed cage define an upright V opening downstream relative to the base. Reed petals cover openings in the reed cage faces and prevent back flow from the downstream side to the upstream side of the valve assembly. Flow from the upstream side to the downstream side is accomplished by the reed petals flexing towards one another. The reed petals are held in place by a clamping bar, which allows adjustment of the flexing tension for fine tuning of valve operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved multiple stage reed valve construction for internal combustion engines. The reed valves comprise first stage reed valves with multiple ports in the first stage reed valve. Beams having a smoothly shaped curve from the base of the first stage reed valve to the apex thereof and narrowing toward the apex separate adjacent ports. The reed valves of the present invention provide significant improvements in engine operation.

Abstract: The air/fuel charge supplied to the cylinder rows of a V-type two-cycle engine is separately determined based on the air intake conditions associated with each of the cylinder rows. The air/fuel supply system according to the present invention promotes good mixing and misting of the fuel and air and delivers an optimal amount of fuel to each of the cylinders such that imbalances in the combustion and output of the two cylinder rows are minimized.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved multiple stage reed valve construction for internal combustion engines. The reed valves comprise first stage reed valves with enlarged ports, enlarged second stage reed valves corresponding with the ports, and one or more webs positioned in the ports to help support the second stage reed member when it is in a closed position. The reed valves of the present invention provide significant improvements in engine operation and tremendous increase in reed valve operational life.

Abstract: The invention provides improved reed constructions for use in a reed valve assembly suitable for use in the induction porting of two-stroke internal combustion engines. The reeds incorporate improved hinge designs and dual-stage reed arrangements in which both primary and secondary reeds incorporate ports which do not overlap one another to improve flow through the dual-stage reed assembly involved.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine with controlled pneumatic injection is disclosed, wherein at least one connecting duct joins the combustion chamber of a first cylinder to the crankcase-pump of a second cylinder. The means for controlling the injection of carburetted air into the chamber of the first cylinder comprise at least one flange fixed rigidly to the shaft of the crankcase of the engine inside the crankcase-pump of the second cylinder. The flange comprises a recess on its peripheral portion so as to be able to isolate the crankcase-pump from or place it in communication with the inner volume of the combustion chamber at given times of the engine cycle.

Abstract: In a two cycle internal combustion engine (10), a reed block (52) has a fuel spray rail flow passage (72) integrally formed therein and supplying fuel atomized by combustion air flow therepast. The fuel spray rail passage extends longitudinally (78) along the apex (60) of a V-shaped reed block (52) at the downstream end thereof, and has discharge ports (74, 76) formed by openings through the sides (56, 58) of the V-shaped member, which ports (74, 76) are opened and closed by the downstream ends of the reed valve flaps (62, 64). When the reed valves are open, air flows across and parallel to the face of the discharge port opening and perpendicular to the direction of fuel flow out of such openings, for enhanced atomization of the fuel. When the reed valves are closed, the downstream ends of the reed valve flaps engage the reed block sides and cover and close the discharge ports such that fuel is blocked from draining into the crankcase.

Abstract: The constant velocity intake manifold is designed to provide an increased velocity of the fuel-air mixture into the reed valve (engine inlet port) of a two-cycle engine. The present design of feeding device transmitting the fuel-air mixture eminating from the carburetor into the manifold has a passageway of such considerable cross-sectional area that the linear velocity of the mixture is decreased considerably. The device described herein reduces this passageway cross-sectional area to increase the linear velocity of the mixture passing therethrough. The new manifold has an extension which reaches into the adjoining reed valve cage to also reduce the cross-sectional area of the passageway feeding into this cage and thereby increases the linear velocity of the fuel-air mixture passing into this cage.

Abstract: A cylinder block includes a cylinder with a piston therein and a main crankcase. A combustion space is disposed above the piston and a compression space is disposed below the piston. An exterior passage including a reservoir transfers compressed air from the compression space to the combustion space. A first valve permits one-way flow of ambient air into the compression space, and a second valve permits one-way flow from the compression space into the passage so that the compression process is independent of the combustion process. In one embodiment, the exterior passage includes a first passage for air and a second passage for fuel-air mixture for selective communication with the combustion chamber. In another embodiment, an inner crankcase is disposed within and spaced from the main crankcase and incorporates the first and second valves.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved single stage or multiple stage reed valve for use in an air intake of an internal combustion engine. The multiple stage reed valve of the preferred embodiment includes a relatively stiff first stage reed member having ports therein, a relatively flexible second stage reed member comprising multiple reed petals to control flow through the ports in the first stage reed, and means to join each reed petals to an adjacent reed petal to cause the reed petals to move substantially in unison with one another. The present invention provides a reed valve with increased life and which is resistant to material fatigue even under conditions of uneven flow through the air intake.

Abstract: To improve control of the scavenging in accordance with the load and speed conditions in a two-stroke internal combustion engine with scavenge passages which open into the interior of the cylinder and an outlet passage and with scavenge ports and an outlet port governed by the piston of said internal-combustion engine, the present invention provides that communication with said scavenge passages is governed by an electromagnetically unlocking pressure-controlled valve, which is positioned in a passageway section and actuation of which within the opening periods of the scavenge ports, blocks the flow of the scavenging agent to the individual scavenge ports to the effect that the period of scavenging is timed relative to the load and speed conditions under which the internal-combustion engine is working.

Abstract: A one-way flap valve, particularly for induction pipes of cylinders of internal combustion engines of vehicles, comprising a number of modular passage units having substantially curved base walls and having internal dividers parallel to the side walls, capable of engaging frontally with flexible air-tight closure flaps to form air flow channels, said modular units are arranged in the pipe in various positions, with at least one of them having an outlet flow direction different from and convergent towards those of the other units, a distance piece having a profile curved according to the deformation curve of each flap of the adjacent units being placed between the unit with a different outflow direction and the adjacent unit.

Abstract: A reed valve for a passage defined by an inner surface in an engine comprises a cage mounted across the passage. The cage has a cage port, an upstream side and a downstream side. The read valve includes a flexible petal having a fixed portion connected to the cage enabling the petal to flex away from the cage in a cantilevered manner. The petal overlies the cage port to allow fluid flow therethrough from the upstream side to the downstream side by flexing away from the cage, and to obstruct fluid back-flow in the reverse direction by seating against the cage. The read valve further comprises an inflatable member adjoining a portion of the petal which flexes away from the cage. The petal is sandwiched between the inflatable member and cage so that inflation of the inflatable member obstructs the flexing of the petal away from the cage to reduce the effective length of the petal.

Abstract: A two cycle crankcase compression diesel engine having reed type checks valves for controlling the flow of air into a crankcase chamber though an intake passage. The engine is provided with a separate lubricating system in which no lubricant for lubrication is delivered to the intake passage upstream of the check valve. The closing noise of the check valve is dampened by delivery small quantities of lubricant to the intake passage solely for this purpose. In one embodiment, this lubricant is derived from the crankcase and in another embodiment the lubricant is supplied directly from the separate lubricating system.

Abstract: A diaphragm valve includes a magnetically attractive snap disc with two unrestrained positions in one of which its edge contacts a valve seat to block flow and an electromagnet operates to urge the disc to end of its two positions with additional means for returning it to the other. Use of a valve for two cycle engine crankcase inlet control is also disclosed.

Abstract: An induction system for supplying air-fuel mixture to a two-stroke cycle crankcase compression engine is disclosed. The induction system includes an induction passage for each crankcase compartment, and a reed valve system disposed between the induction passage and the crankcase compartment. The reed valve system includes a reed block having a plurality of valve ports, with the ports being arranged in oppositely spaced sets. The ports are preferably arranged so that the ports in one set are radially opposite the ports in the other set. A single reed valve member is disposed between the induction passage and the crankcase compartment for normally closing the valve ports. The single reed valve member includes a series of petals extending outwardly from a central portion, with a section of reduced area therebetween for reducing the stiffness of the reed valve member.

Abstract: A crankcase scavenged two cycle engine has a variable timing poppet inlet valve on the crankcase inlet. The valve timing is altered for load control with minimum air pumping loss and open periods may be skipped during skip firing of the engine cylinders for improved efficiency.

Abstract: A port for equalizing the pressure between crankcase compartments of a two-cycle internal combustion crankcase compression engine. In one form of the invention, the port is formed in a common web between the crankcase compartments. In another form of the invention, a pair of ports are located in a common reed block, each of the ports being in communication with one of the crankcase compartments.

Abstract: A two stage carburetor for introduction of an air-fuel mixture into the crankcase of a two-stroke marine engine includes a carburetor body that defines a pair of throttle bores, one of which has a reduced cross-sectional area. The throttle bores deliver an air-fuel mixture to separate and distinct reed blocks having comparable cross-sectional areas.

Abstract: A reed valve for a two cycle internal combustion engine. The engine has a metal crankcase to which the valve body of the reed valve is mounted. The valve body is made of an insulating material. A flat metal seat plate is fixed to the valve body. The seat plate has a flat seat not liable to be distorted by heat. A metal reed plate is fixed to the seat plate with its free end overhanging the flat seat. The seat on the seat plate is less liable to be distorted by heat than would be a similar seat formed as part of an insulating valve body.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an internal combustion engine comprising first and second cylinders, first and second crankcases extending respectively from the first and second cylinders, a crankshaft extending through the first and second crankcases, first and second pistons connected to the crankshaft to afford opposite action of the pistons and respectively reciprocally movable in the first and second cylinders to define first and second combustion chambers respectively communicable, subject to piston movement, with the first and second crankcases, first and second air induction passages respectively including first and second reed valves for respectively supplying air to the first and second crankcases, a duct extending between the first and second crankcases, and a valve located in the duct and movable between open and closed positions to respectively permit and prevent fluid flow between the first and second crankcases.

Abstract: Reed valve mechanism for use in the fuel/air supply system of an internal combustion engine, the mechanism including passages, ports and reed valves, all of which are arranged to minimize unnecessary fluctuations of the flow velocity of the fuel/air being delivered to and into the cylinder of an engine and also minimize localized turbulence in the flow path and thereby increase the power output of the engine.

Abstract: A round pipe being rotatably mounted in a round hole seat adjacent to the exhausting port on the cylinder block of a two-stroke engine; the round hole seat has two passages being in communication with the exhausting port and the crankcase. The round pipe has a slot, which can align with the aforesaid two passages respectively upon the round pipe rotating so as to have the round pipe become communicating with the exhausting port or the crankcase; the time of that communicating state is synchronous with the later period of exhausting and the ending of intake into the crankcase. The inside of the round pipe is fed with compressed air, therefore, the compressed air blowing towards the exhausting port during the later period of exhausting forms a screen to prevent the fresh gas from flowing out together with the waste gas exhausted or even reversely inject air into the cylinder for increasing the gas pressure in the cylinder.

Abstract: In a two cycle internal combustion engine (2), a turbulence generator (70) is provided by a freely rotating fan (72) in the fuel-air stream to the reed valves (16) which supply the fuel-air mixture into the crankcase chamber (8). The freely rotating fan (72) is driven by the fuel-air mixture flow and rotates to generate turbulence to provide more uniform distribution of the fuel-air mixture.

Abstract: A reed valve device for a 2-cycle engine includes a valve housing having several ports extending thereinto from a surface thereof. Several reed valves each have one end secured to the housing and can move between a position spaced from the surface and a position disposed against the surface and obstructing a respective port. Two main shafts are rotatably supported on the housing, and are coupled for synchronous rotation by a gear plate arrangement. Each main shaft has thereon a stopper which can move between positions engaging and spaced from the reed valve in response to rotational movement of the associated shaft, engagement of a stopper and a reed valve effecting an increase in a spring constant of the reed valve. When the engine exceeds a predetermined speed, a motor rotates the shafts to move the stoppers into engagement with the reed valves.

Abstract: A kit for post-installing reed valves between the cylinder block of a 2-cycle engine of a jet propelled small-sized boat and an inlet manifold is characterized in that the kit comprises base plate, a carburetor plate and a reed valve case interposed between two plates. The base plate is formed with two types of holes, i.e., plain holes through which attaching bolts are screwed into threaded holes in a cylinder block and threaded holes to be used in attaching the reed valve case. The carburetor plate and reed valve case are formed with plain holes, respectively, for alignment communication with the threaded holes in the base plate to receive other bolts. The arrangement is such that the reed valves removably fitted in the reed valve case are inseparably held between the reed valve case and the carburetor plate. Thus, the 2-cycle engine can be efficiently changed from the piston valve type to the reed valve type.

Abstract: Reed valves for internal combustion engines are disclosed, the reed valves having protective coating of synthetic rubber.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine is disclosed which is controlled by a carburetor throttle valve and has a crankcase subjected to continuously alternating overpressure and underpressure. A pneumatic control member responsive to a signal dependent on the rotational speed of the engine is in pressure communication with the inner chamber of the crankcase via a valve. The output member of the pneumatic control member is connected with the throttle flap of the carburetor. The valve provided between the crankcase and the pneumatic control member is responsive to a signal for controlling the pressure in the pneumatic control member. This valve can be configured as a resonance control valve fixedly mounted to the housing of the engine.

Abstract: A carburetor icing preventing arrangement wherein the carburetor, intake manifold and crankcase of a crankcase compression two cycle internal combustion engine are connected to each other by means that promote high heat transfer and which do not include any heat insulating gaskets. A check valve is positioned between the intake manifold and the crankcase and this connection is also highly heat conductive.

Abstract: A substantially annular flow enhancing insert is positioned in the carburetor side of the roof prism shaped reed valve inlet frame of a two-cycle internal combustion engine. The insert's flow passage is shaped so as to prevent flow separation due to large angular changes in the flow passage. The insert has two extended tapering wedges, each wedge positioned flush against the inner surface of the two opposite parallel triangular walls of the inlet frame. Each wedge directs the inlet flow smoothly to the reed valve openings and eliminates flow passage discontinuities that are normally present within the inlet frame. The remainder of the insert is closely matched to the carburetor duct and reed valve inlet frame contours so as to eliminate surface discontinuities and thereby enhance the flow into the engine.

Abstract: A reed valve includes a main reed member and an auxiliary reed member which is overlaid on the outside surface of the main reed valve. The auxiliary reed member has a smaller length than that of the main reed member. The width of the auxiliary reed member is gradually decreased from its fixed end to its free end.