Abstract: In an internal-combustion engine with a hydraulic system for variable operation of the valves, the tappet actuated by each cam of the camshaft is slidably mounted in a tubular body which is made of a single piece with a bushing for guiding the valve-actuating piston.

Abstract: An hydraulically controlled actuator (16) for activating a valve (10) is proposed, especially for activating a gas-exchange valve (10) in a combustion cylinder (11) of an internal combustion engine, which includes two fluid-filled pressure chambers (21, 22) having controllable chamber volumes and a movable operating piston (18) which delimits the pressure chambers (21, 22) by piston sides facing away from one another, the operating piston (18) acting upon the valve (10) and having an effective closing area acted upon by fluid pressure in the pressure chambers (21, 22) to close the valve (10) and an effective opening area acted upon by the fluid pressure to open the valve (10). To influence the kinematics of the opening and closing movement of the valve (10), the operating piston (18) is designed such that the surface area of at least one of the two effective areas changes along the sliding path of the operating piston (18).

Abstract: An engine valve actuator for an internal combustion engine is provided. The engine valve actuator includes a housing having an opening. An adjustment member is disposed in the housing and defines a chamber. A piston is disposed in the opening of the housing and has a protrusion adapted to be received in the chamber of the adjustment member. The piston has a first position where the protrusion of the piston is disposed in the chamber and a portion of the piston contacts a corresponding portion of the adjustment member and a second position where the portion of the piston is separated from the corresponding portion of the adjustment member. A fluid passageway is adapted to provide pressurized fluid to the opening. The pressurized fluid acts on the piston to move the piston towards the second position to thereby allow pressurized fluid to enter the chamber to prevent the piston from returning to the first position.

Abstract: In an operating system for a hydraulic valve clearance control element of an internal combustion engine, which includes a hydraulic fluid having a pressure that depends on the engine operating state and wherein the hydraulic clearance control element includes a pressure chamber in which a hydraulic fluid volume is maintained for adjusting the length of the hydraulic clearance control element and means for maintaining the fluid volume when, after engine shut down, the pressure of the hydraulic fluid supplied by an engine fluid pressure source drops below a certain value so as to maintain the hydraulic clearance control element at its operating length during engine shutdown, means are arranged on the-hydraulic fluid supply line to the hydraulic valve clearance control element for releasing hydraulic fluid to reduce its pressure below the certain value immediately upon engine shut down to safely maintain the hydraulic clearance control elements at their operating length.

Abstract: An engine valve actuator is provided. The engine valve actuator includes a first piston and a second piston. The second piston is moveably received within the first piston. The engine valve further includes an actuator body that has a bore defining a first stop and a second stop. The first stop is configured to engage the first piston to limit movement of the first piston at a first preselected distance of travel. The second stop is configured to engage the second piston to limit movement of the second piston at a second preselected distance. A valve element is operatively connected to the second piston to move in response to movement of the second piston.

Abstract: A hydraulic actuator for gas exchange valves of internal combustion engines is proposed, in which the lifting of the gas exchange valve from the valve seat is effected with great force. The opening motion of the gas exchange valve then ensues at reduced force. Upon closure of the gas exchange valve, the gas exchange valve is braked before striking the valve seat, so that operation of the gas exchange valve with little wear and little noise can be achieved (FIG. 1).

Abstract: The phaser of the present invention includes a reed plate. The reed plate has reed valves, which control the flow of hydraulic fluid. The reed valves are all inclusive on the reed plate. Worn trails in the surface of the parts sandwiching the reed plate direct the flow to and from the reed valves.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for actuating a valve using magnetostrictive transduction is provided. A ferro-magnetic rod having giant magnetostrictive properties is operatively coupled with a hydraulic chamber. Application of a magnetic field to the ferro-magnetic rod generates strain in the rod and corresponding movement in a first piston, causing the fluid in the hydraulic chamber to become pressurized. The pressurized fluid forces a second piston to move, thereby actuating the valve.

Abstract: Improving compression brake systems (10) require better control of timing an actuation event. Numerous systems use complicated electronic controls to achieve such control. Cam actuated compression brake systems may reduce braking power by allowing a valve 32 on an internal combustion engine (30) to remain open well after an optimum crank angle. Using a by-pass port (42), pressure may be increased in a second actuator volume (22) opposite a first actuator volume (20). Increasing pressures in the second actuator volume (22) promotes closing the valve (26) near the optimum crank angle.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having at least one combustion cylinder that includes a combustion chamber provided with gas-exchange valves, and an electrohydraulic valve control device having valve actuators that actuate the gas-exchange valves. To reduce manufacturing costs and/or the installation space required for the electrohydraulic valve control device, at least two synchronously controlled gas-exchange valves are connected using a coupling element to a common valve actuator, and the connection sites of the gas-exchange valves are flexibly formed on the coupling element.

Abstract: A control apparatus is provided for a valve actuating system which is operable to lift an intake valve or an exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine and includes a lift characteristic changing mechanism for changing a lift characteristic of the intake valve or the exhaust valve. The control apparatus calculates a target operation value of the lift characteristic changing mechanism, and calculates a realizable range of the operation value which can be realized by the lift characteristic changing mechanism, based on a controlled variable that can be given to the lift characteristic changing mechanism and at least one parameter related to an environment surrounding the lift characteristic changing mechanism. If the target operation value is not within the realizable range of the operation value, the control apparatus calculates a new target operation value to be within the realizable range.

Abstract: A device for controlling at least one gas-changing valve (10) of an internal combustion engine includes a valve adjuster (20) with an adjusting piston (16) limiting two pressure chamber (17, 18). The lower pressure chamber (18) is permanently acted upon by fluid pressure and the upper pressure chamber (17) can be interchangeably pressurized or depressurized with the fluid pressure. The braking of the adjusting piston (16) before reaching its upper end position affecting the closing position of the gas-changing valve, the return (22) of the upper pressure chamber (17) is divided into at least two axially spaced run-off openings (221, 222), of which the lower run-off opening (22) can be closed by the adjusting piston (16) and the upper run-off opening (221) is connected with the lower run-off opening (22) via a throttle opening (23) controllable in an opening cross section.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine is disclosed, which have hydraulic valve actuators (11) each assigned to one gas exchange valve, with one adjusting piston (13) acting on the gas exchange valve and two hydraulic work chambers (121, 122) defined by the adjusting piston (13), of which chambers the first work chamber (121), acting on the gas exchange valve (10) in the closing direction, is constantly filled with fluid that is under pressure, and the second work chamber (122), acting on the gas exchange valve (10) in the opening direction, can be filled with and relieved of fluid that is under pressure in alternation via a first and second electrical control valve (24, 25; 26, 27).

Abstract: A gas exchange valve device (10) for an internal combustion engine (12), in particular of a motor vehicle, is provided with a hydraulic apparatus (15). This hydraulic apparatus (15) includes a fluid circuit (38, 42, 46, 54) and at least one pressure reservoir (62, 72) connected to the fluid circuit (38, 42,46, 54) and containing a piston (66, 76) prestressed by a device (68, 84), and also includes a controllable actuating device (16). A gas exchange valve (12) is also provided, whose valve element (26) is acted on by the actuating device (16). In order to achieve a simpler design of the gas exchange valve device (10), the invention proposes that the pressure reservoir (72) be disposed so that in an approximately unpressurized state of the pressure reservoir (72), its piston (76) at least indirectly locks the valve element (26) of the gas exchange valve (12) in an essentially closed position. (FIG.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a system and method for actuating one or more valves in an internal combustion engine. In particular, the present invention relates to a system and method that may provide lost motion valve actuation of intake, exhaust, and auxiliary valves in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A VVA apparatus includes a control shaft arranged rotatable in accordance with the engine operating conditions, an alteration mechanism for changing a lift amount and an operating angle of an engine valve in accordance with rotation of the control shaft, and a drive mechanism for rotating the control shaft and including an electric motor and a reduction mechanism. The reduction mechanism has a reduction ratio set to be larger when the valve is under small lift-amount and operating-angle control than when the valve is under large lift-amount and operating-angle control.

Abstract: A variable valve drive for a cam-actuated lift valve of an internal combustion engine which is loaded by a closing pressure against the direction of opening, includes a hydraulic power generating device acting on the lift valve against the closing force with a control piston arranged longitudinally displaceable in a cylinder and adjacent to a hydraulic control chamber, a stroke of the lift valve produced by an actuating cam being at least reducible by removing hydraulic liquid from the control chamber by means of a control valve. In order to arrange the valve stroke and valve opening as free as possible in the simplest possible way the control chamber is connectable with a high pressure level preferably by means of the control valve.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine, including at least one cylinder and a piston slidable in the cylinder, may include supplying pressurized air from an intake manifold to an air intake port of a combustion chamber in the cylinder, selectively operating an air intake valve to open the air intake port to allow pressurized air to flow between the combustion chamber and the intake manifold substantially during a majority portion of a compression stroke of the piston, and operably controlling a fuel supply system to inject fuel into the combustion chamber after the intake valve is closed.

Abstract: A connection between a shaft end of a gas exchange valve of an internal combustion engine and a final control element of a valve actuator, with at least two shell-shaped wedge-shaped pieces, surrounding the shaft end and braced on the final control element, whose radially outer circumferential surface extends conically and which are surrounded by at least one conical clamping sleeve whose radially inner circumferential surface extends complimentary to the cone angle of the wedge-shaped pieces, wherein on the radially inner circumferential surface of the wedge-shaped pieces and on the radially outer circumferential surface of the shaft end of the gas exchange valve, protrusions and recesses that mesh with one another are provided.

Abstract: A valve timing control device is provided, which has an advantageous point of locking a relative rotation phase at an intermediate phase based on an engine halt signal. The valve opening-closing timing control device has a relative rotation control mechanism including the first path for supplying or discharging oil to or from the retard angle chamber and the advance angle chamber and for moving a relative rotation phase between the retard angle chamber and the advance angle chamber in the range between the most retarded angle phase and the most advanced angle phase. The relative rotation control mechanism has a lock oil passage for actuating lock portions for locking the relative rotation phase at the intermediate phase between the most retarded angle phase and the most advanced angle phase. The second path is provided separately from the first path. The second path supplies oil to and discharges oil from a lock oil passage.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided which comprises a variable valve timing mechanism provided at an end of a camshaft and actuated by oil pressure for varying a valve timing, an oil pressure control valve that controls the oil pressure, and an oil passage fluidly connecting between the oil pressure control valve and the variable valve timing mechanism, wherein the oil pressure control valve is installed on a head cover, and wherein the oil passage includes a first oil passage section formed in the camshaft and in communication with the variable valve timing mechanism, a second oil passage section formed in the head cover and in communication with the oil pressure control valve, and a third oil passage section formed in the cam bracket and provides communication between the first oil passage section and the second oil passage section.

Abstract: A valve system has a piston mounted in a cylinder in one of first and second rocker arms and is adapted to be forced by a return spring, and an engagement projection formed in the other one of the first and second rocker arms and is adapted to abut the piston to cause both of the first and second rocker arms to move in conjunction with each other. The return spring is disposed eccentrically with respect to the piston in such a direction as to get away from the engagement projection. Therefore, it is possible to ensure a sufficient stiffness of a power transmitting section of the valve system and a sufficient valve lift.

Abstract: A control device for switching an intake or exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine has a control valve with a control valve piston for controlling flow of a hydraulic medium from a pressure line to the intake or exhaust valve. At least one actuating element is correlated with the intake or exhaust valve and has a first end acted on by the hydraulic medium. At least one damping device interacts with the at least one actuating element and is arranged at a second end of the actuating element opposite the first end. The at least one damping device exerts a damping force onto the actuating element counteracting a force exerted by the hydraulic medium.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for an electromechanical valve is provided. The system includes a housing defining a chamber for holding fluid extending along an axis. The system further includes a damper stem disposed in the chamber configured to move along the axis. The damper stem is configured to be directly coupled to the valve member. The system further includes a piston coupled to the damper stem dividing the chamber into a first chamber portion and a second chamber portion. The housing includes a conduit extending between the first chamber portion and the second chamber portion. The conduit has a first non-cylindrical opening communicating with the first chamber portion. When the piston moves past at least a portion of the non-cylinder opening, the cross-sectional area of the opening decreases to restrict fluid flow from the first chamber to reduce a velocity of the piston.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with two camshafts arranged next to one another and each mounted in a radial bearing in the cylinder head and hydraulic device for rotary angle adjustment of each camshaft with respect to a crankshaft. The supply and discharge of hydraulic pressure medium to and from the devices are controlled separately in each case by an electromagnetic hydraulic valve comprised of an electromagnet and of a valve housing capable of being plugged into a valve receptacle. Each valve housing on its circumference has a plurality of annular grooves with a plurality of radial orifices and on its free end face has a further orifice, via which the hydraulic valves are fluidically connected to the radial bearings of the camshafts and to a pressure connection and to a tank connection.

Abstract: A hydraulic damper for an automotive engine electromechanical cylinder valve 20 is provided. The hydraulic damper includes an inner piston 130 which is slidably mounted within an outer piston 110. The outer piston is slidably mounted within an interior hydraulic filled cavity 82 of a damper body 80. Movement of the valve body 20 along extreme positions causes the inner piston 130 to move the outer piston 110 within the interior cavity 82 to effectuate hydraulic damping of the valve body 20.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a valve system for controlling flow of gas into or out of a variable volume chamber (8) of an internal combustion engine or a compressor. The valve system comprises a gas flow control valve (5) which opens to permit flow of gas into or out of the variable volume chamber (8); a hydraulic actuator (4) connected to the gas flow control valve (5); a pump (1) for pressurizing hydraulic fluid; a reservoir of hydraulic fluid (6); and a control system (2, 3, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29) which controls opening and closing of the gas control valve (5) by controlling flow of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic actuator (4) from the pump (1) and flow of hydraulic fluid from hydraulic actuator (4) to the reservoir (6).

Abstract: In an internal-combustion engine equipped with an electronically controlled hydraulic system for variable actuation of the inlet and/or exhaust valves of the engine, the hydraulic system for actuation of the valves includes, for each engine valve, a solenoid valve for controlling the corresponding hydraulic actuator. Each solenoid valve is controlled according to a pre-set control criterion according to the operating parameters of the engine, said pre-set control criterion corresponding to reference operating conditions of the hydraulic fluid and, in particular, to the value of viscosity of the hydraulic fluid, which varies with temperature. The aforesaid control criterion is, however, adjusted according to an estimated deviation between reference operating conditions of the hydraulic fluid and actual operating conditions of the hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, equipped with an electronically controlled hydraulic system for the variable operation of the engine's inlet valves, an indicator of the differences in the amount of air aspirated by the cylinders of the engine during the respective induction phase is provided and said system controls the various inlet valves of the engine in a differentiated manner, varying the time and/or opening travel for the purpose of minimizing the differences between the amounts of air aspirated by the various cylinders of the engine.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine with two inlet valves for each cylinder is provided with an electronically controlled system for actuating said valves. The electronic control unit is programmed so as to control in a differentiated way the two inlet valves according to a first law of opening and closing and a second law of opening and closing, which are different from one another. The electronic control means are moreover designed for reversing with respect to one another the laws of opening and closing of the two inlet valves at each operating cycle of the engine or else with a periodicity equal to more than one operating cycle of the engine, so that each of the two inlet valves alternately follows the first law and the second law of opening and closing.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a variable valve actuation system is provided. An engine valve is moved from a first position where the engine valve blocks a flow of fluid to a second position where the engine valve passes a flow of fluid. A valve actuator is actuated to prevent the engine valve from returning to the first position. A signal is transmitted to cause the valve actuator and to allow the engine valve to return to the first position. The return of the engine valve to the first position is determined. A time parameter indicative of an elapsed time between the transmission of the signal and movement of the engine valve to the first position is determined.

Abstract: An assembly having first and second coaxially-related elements oscillatingly-rotatable about a mean angular relationship therebetween. An axial well in one element is threaded and an axial well in the other element is splined. A pin having threads on a first end and splines on the second end is disposed on both the threads and splines of the two elements. A Hall-effect magnetic field strength sensor is disposed coaxially adjacent to the assembly. A permanent magnet mounted on an end of the pin adjacent the Hall-effect sensor creates a magnetic response therein. As the angular relationship between the two elements changes, the pin turns with the splined element, the threads simultaneously displacing the pin and magnet axially of the assembly, thereby changing the intensity of the field experienced by the sensor and the signal output therefrom in proportion to the relative angular position of the two elements.

Abstract: An electro-hydraulic actuator assembly having a plurality of hydraulic pressure operated pistons controlled by a single solenoid operated shut-off and vent valve. Eaton hydraulic piston has an exteriorly extending arm attached thereto for contacting a release latch on the engine valve gear for disablement or deactivation of the valves in selected engine combustion chambers. The actuator assembly is disposed with the shut-off and vent valve vent port vertically above the hydraulic piston bores; and, a bleed orifice is provided for bleed flow from the hydraulic piston bores to the valving chamber in the shut-off and vent valve for permitting bleed flow and air purge. Gravity flow from the vent port may also provide lubrication for the engine cam surface.

Abstract: An electro-hydraulic controller having a plurality of solenoid operated valves mounted in inlet and outlet ported valving cavities on a non-metallic manifold block. The manifold block has inlet and outlet ports sealed by a gasket for communication with corresponding ports in a metallic base to which the manifold block is attached. The base is sufficiently rigid to resist prohibitive deflection when exposed to the forces of fluid pressure when secured over the open hydraulic channels of an automatic transmission shift circuit deck. The non-metallic manifold may be fabricated to “Net Shape” without costly secondary operations to achieve critical dimensions.

Abstract: An engine valve actuation system is provided. The engine valve actuation system includes an intake valve that is moveable between a first position to prevent a flow of fluid and a second position to allow a flow of fluid. A cam assembly is configured to move the intake valve between the first position and the second position. A fluid actuator is configured to selectively prevent the intake valve from moving to the first position. A source of fluid is in fluid communication with the fluid actuator. A directional control valve is configured to control a flow of fluid between the source of fluid and the fluid actuator. A check valve is disposed between the directional control valve and the source of fluid, only allowing fluid flow from the fluid source to the directional control valve. A bleed orifice may be disposed between the directional control valve and the source of fluid, in parallel with the check valve.

Abstract: The invention relates to a variable valve train (1) for a cam-actuated lifting valve (13) of an internal combustion engine, which valve (13) is loaded by a closing spring (13a) acting against the direction of opening, with an approximately cylindrical force application element (2) located between a cam (14) and the valve (13), whose length can be adjusted hydraulically and whose exterior cylindrical wall face (3) is slidable in a fixed guide cylinder (4), said element (2) being provided with a pressure piston (6) longitudinally slidable in a cylinder (5), which piston (6) is adjacent to a pressure chamber (7) into which opens a pressure channel (8) departing from a port (9) in the wall face (3) of the force application element (2), a fixed pressure line (11) opening into the guide cylinder (4) in the area of the port (9), which line (11) can be subjected to hydraulic high pressure (pH) permitting hydraulic activation of the valve (13).

Abstract: A free-piston engine includes at least one dual piston assembly, each of which has a pair of axially opposed combustion cylinders and free-floating combustion pistons respectively mounted in the combustion cylinders for reciprocating linear motion responsive to successive combustions. A pumping piston extends from and is fixed to each of the combustion pistons and reciprocates within a hydraulic cylinder located between paired combustion cylinders. The paired combustion cylinders are rigidly connected by a cage for reciprocating movement in tandem.

Abstract: An engine valve actuation system is provided. An intake valve is moveable between a first position where the intake valve prevents a flow of fluid relative to the intake valve and a second position where the intake valve allows a flow of fluid relative to the intake valve. A cam assembly is configured to move the intake valve between the first position and the second position. A fluid actuator having a chamber is adapted to selectively prevent the intake valve from moving to the first position. A fluid supply system is adapted to deliver fluid to the chamber of the fluid actuator. A pressure sensor is operatively engaged with the fluid supply system and is adapted to sense the pressure of the fluid within the fluid supply system.

Abstract: A valve driving device reduces the volume of the pressure chamber and decreases the energy supplied during driving to open the main valve. As a result of this initial energy, the main valve is lifted by inertial motion. When the main valve is opened (lifted), a first actuating valve is opened, and high-pressure actuating fluid is supplied to the pressure chamber. When in this process the pressure in the pressure chamber falls below the pressure of a low-pressure chamber, a second actuating valve opens independently, and low-pressure actuating fluid is introduced into the pressure chamber. By this means negative pressure in the pressure chamber can be prevented, and the main valve can be held in a lift position equivalent to the initial energy. When the main valve is to be closed, an actuator forcibly opens the second actuating valve.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine, including at least one cylinder and a piston slidable in the cylinder, may include supplying pressurized air from an intake manifold to an air intake port of a combustion chamber in the cylinder, selectively operating an air intake valve to open the air intake port to allow pressurized air to flow between the combustion chamber and the intake manifold substantially during a majority portion of a compression stroke of the piston, and operably controlling a fuel supply system to inject fuel into the combustion chamber after the intake valve is closed.

Abstract: An engine valve actuation system that includes an intake valve moveable between a first position that blocks a flow of fluid and a second position that allows a flow of fluid. The system also includes a cam assembly connected to move the intake valve between the first position and the second position and a fluid actuator configured to selectively modify a timing of the intake valve in moving from the second position to the first position. A snubbing valve is configured to restrict a flow of fluid from the fluid actuator so as to reduce a rate of movement of the intake valve to the first position.

Abstract: An engine valve actuation system is provided. The engine valve actuation system includes an intake valve that is moveable between a first position to prevent a flow of fluid and a second position to allow a flow of fluid. A cam assembly is configured to move the intake valve between the first position and the second position. A fluid actuator is configured to selectively prevent the intake valve from moving to the first position. A source of fluid is in fluid communication with the fluid actuator. A directional control valve is configured to control a flow of fluid between the source of fluid and the fluid actuator. A fluid passageway connects the directional control valve with the fluid actuator. An accumulator is in fluid communication with the fluid passageway. A restricted orifice is disposed between the accumulator and the fluid passageway to restrict a flow of fluid between the accumulator and the fluid passageway.

Abstract: An engine valve actuation system is provided. An intake valve is moveable between a first position to prevent a flow of fluid and a second position to allow a flow of fluid. A cam assembly is connected to move the intake valve between the first position and the second position. A fluid actuator is configured to selectively prevent the intake valve from moving to the first position. A source of fluid is in fluid communication with the fluid actuator. A directional control valve is configured to control a flow of fluid between the source of fluid and the fluid actuator. A control valve is disposed between the source of fluid and the directional control valve. The control valve is moveable between a first position to prevent the flow of fluid between the source of fluid and the directional control valve and a second position to allow the flow of fluid from the source of fluid to the directional control valve.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device of the build-up of pressure in supply systems (6, 11, 20, and 23) to components (19, 36) on internal combustion engines (2). The invention includes directly couples lubricant systems and pressure-generating systems (3, 8), an electric fuel pump (34), as well as a control apparatus for determining lubricant pressures. A supply module (12, 34) is provided with an independent drive (16) and supplies lubricant in the lubricant oil circuit (24) or to selected lubricating position, or fuel into a fuel supply (36). The supply module (12, 34) can optionally include a pressure converter (30).

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of improving engine braking of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine by variable valve actuation. One embodiment of the present invention enables independent two-valve actuation for each cylinder, and engine braking horsepower can be optimized using two-valve braking at high engine speeds and one-valve braking at low speeds. Another embodiment of the present invention enables better a sequential valve actuation to reduce engine braking load and compliance. Another embodiment of the present invention enables better engine starting and warming up by controlling timing and lift of each valve.

Abstract: A valve stroke control for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle has a control device for adjusting a valve stroke. It interacts with a camshaft and a control shaft. The control device is actuated by a hydraulic medium and has a first control element and a second control element movable relative to one another. The first control element is sleeve-shaped and the second control element is received in the first control element. A rocker lever is acted on by the camshaft. The first control element is supported on the rocker lever and the second control element is supported on the control shaft.

Abstract: An engine braking system for a multi-cylinder engine includes a supply of low pressure fluid and an engine fluid sump. A plurality of valve actuators are each configured to be alternatively fluidly coupled to the supply of low pressure fluid and the engine fluid sump. Each valve actuator is operably coupled to at least one exhaust valve for a respective cylinder. The system also includes a braking control valve operably coupled to two of the valve actuators. The braking control valve is movable between a first position at which the two valve actuators are fluidly coupled to the engine fluid sump and blocked from the supply of low pressure fluid and a second position at which the two valve actuators are fluidly coupled to the supply of low pressure fluid and blocked from the engine fluid sump.

Abstract: A solenoid operated valve has a valve body with a plurality of ports and a spool slidable within the body to interconnect the ports in different combinations. A solenoid, which is coupled to drive the spool, has a coil wound on an annular bobbin with a tube of an electrically conductive, non-magnetic metal within the bobbin. A first pole piece extends into one end of the tube and a second pole piece extends into another end of the tube. A separate bushing is located in an aperture in each pole piece. Each bushing has a tubular body with a first end section that has a larger outer diameter than a second end section and the second end section that has a smaller inner diameter than the first end section. The solenoid further includes an armature that is slidably received in the bushings and engaging the spool.

Abstract: An improved arrangement for controlling the valve operation of an internal combustion engine wherein the control valves are mounted within perpendicularly extending bores formed in the cylinder head and camshaft bearing cap with the bores being deep enough so that the valves do not project significantly beyond the cylinder head. In addition, one or more of the connecting passages are formed by grooves in the mating surfaces of the cylinder head and bearing cap to avoid the necessity of drillings and particularly of drilling blind bores.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (10) includes a hydraulic system (32) with a hydraulic pump (34). A lubricant system (14) for moving parts of the engine (10) is also provided, which includes a lubricant pump (16). To enable making the engine (10) smaller, it is proposed that the hydraulic pump (34) is connected to the lubricant system (14) in such a way that it can be lubricated by the lubricant.