Abstract: A powder-metallurgically produced rotor for a camshaft adjuster includes a rotor base body having an outer diameter bounded by a radially outer lateral surface and passing through a first axis of rotation, and an inner diameter bounded by a radially inner lateral surface and passing through a second axis of rotation. The rotor has blades projecting radially outward from the radially outer lateral surface and a calibrated first annular web projecting radially inward on the inner lateral surface, which has a web lateral surface defining a bore passing through the rotor base body in the axial direction and having an inside diameter passing through a third axis of rotation, wherein the third axis of rotation is offset in the radial direction by at most 0.1 mm relative to the first axis of rotation and/or the second axis of rotation.

Abstract: A switchable rocker arm (1, 2, 3, 4) can comprise a main body (10, 11) configured to rotate around a rocker shaft. The main body can comprise a valve end (102), and a cam end (103) comprising a piston bore (135, 136). A second body (21, 22, 23, 24) can comprise a pivot portion (2140, 2240, 2340, 2440), a cam-receiving transfer portion (2130, 2230, 2330, 2430), and a latch bore (2132) through the transfer portion. A latch assembly (60) can be mounted in the latch bore. A piston assembly (50) can be mounted in the piston bore.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a method for controlling a cam using an ECU (electronic control unit) comprising: learning a holding region in which linearity is not ensured by increasing or decreasing a PWM signal while the cam maintains a holding state; based on the results of the learning, generating a final PWM signal; and transmitting the final PWM signal to an oil control valve. The final PWM signal comprises a sum of a minimum PWM signal for the cam to leave the holding region and a control PWM signal for the cam to reach a desired position.

Abstract: A throttle control system includes a throttle device and a controller that controls the throttle device. The controller executes a driving process of driving the electric motor such that a target angular position of the specific gear continues to increase beyond or decrease below the initial position. The controller executes a determination process of determining that wear has occurred in the gear mechanism based on that a non-rotation time in which the angular position detected by the rotation sensor does not change during execution of the drive process being greater than or equal to a predetermined specified time.

Abstract: A hydraulically-actuated variable camshaft timing (VCT) assembly, including a stator having one or more fluid chambers; a rotor received by the stator, and configured to be angularly displaced relative to the stator, having one or more radially extending vanes positioned within the fluid chambers; one or more end plates coupled with the stator and at least partially defining the fluid chambers; and an end plate seal abutting the end plate(s) and the radial surface of the rotor.

Abstract: A high-pressure gas compression-ignition engine includes a cylinder block, a piston and a cylinder head, the piston is mounted on the cylinder block and sealed by the cylinder head to form a combustion chamber for fuel work, and the cylinder head is respectively provided with an intake valve and an exhaust valve. It also comprises a fuel supply system, the fuel in the tank is pressurized by the pump body through a fuel channel and then supplied to the combustion chamber of the cylinder block; a fuel injection device for injecting fuel into the intake valve; a compression-ignition system, which is connected to the exhaust duct or the external air source, and recovers or sucks part of the tail gas energy discharged from the power stroke of the combustion chamber into the external air source, and stores it in the compression-ignition gas storage tank after compression.

Abstract: A vehicle system includes a vehicle engine, a plurality of intake and exhaust valves coupled to the vehicle engine configured to adjust performance of the vehicle engine, and a camshaft coupled to the plurality of intake and exhaust valves and configured to control timing of the intake and exhaust valves. The vehicle system also includes a camshaft phaser configured to adjust the position of an engine's camshaft. Moreover, the vehicle system includes a vehicle processor. The vehicle processor is configured to store data including vehicle data, and apply increased oil pressure to the camshaft phaser based on vehicle data such that oil pressure is increased at a predetermined vehicle data range of camshaft phaser instability to prevent future camshaft position instability.

Abstract: A bidirectional latch pin assembly can comprise a housing portion comprising a latch port. A latch pin in the latch port can comprise a stepped nose extending from a body portion. The stepped nose can comprise a first step and a second step. A spring can be biased against a guide mounted in the latch port and the spring can be configured to bias the latch pin to a first position extending the first step out of the latch port. A first actuation assembly can be configured to move the latch pin to a second position extending the first step and the second step out of the latch port. A second actuation assembly can be configured to move the latch pin to a third position pulling the first step and the second step into the latch port. A switchable rocker arm and a valvetrain assembly can be formed therewith.

Abstract: A system for actuating at least two engine valves comprises a first rocker assembly operatively connected to a first valve actuation motion source and to a first engine valve. The first rocker assembly comprises a first lost motion component arranged in series with a first input rocker and a first output rocker. A second rocker assembly is operatively connected to a second valve actuation motion source and to a second engine valve. The second rocker assembly comprises at least one second rocker. The system further comprises a one-way coupling mechanism disposed between the first output rocker and the at least one second rocker such that second valve actuation motions are transferred from the at least one second rocker to the first output rocker, and first valve actuation motions are not transferred from the first output rocker to the at least one second rocker.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a switching element comprising an external part and an internal part, which is axially displaceable in a bore of the external part. At least one radially displaceable locking element is disposed within at least one receptacle of the internal part and includes a flattened portion on a radially outwardly directed end. At least one recess of the external part can be acted upon by a control pressure and the at least one locking element can thereby be radially displaced from the locking position into a release position. At least in a respective locking position, a chamber delimited by the at least one locking element is spatially separated from the at least one recess of the external part by a respective locking section. At least one bypass is designed, which indirectly fluidly connects the at least one recess of the external part and a respective chamber.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a cam phase adjuster that includes a stator, a rotor, a front cover and at least one locking pin.

Abstract: A valve timing adjustment device includes a hydraulic oil control valve. The hydraulic oil control valve includes: an outer sleeve that is shaped in a tubular form and has a projection at an outer periphery of the outer sleeve; an inner sleeve that is located on an inner side of the outer sleeve; and a spool that is located at an inside of the inner sleeve. A reference-shape portion, which serves as a reference at a time of positioning the outer sleeve relative to the inner sleeve, is formed at an outer periphery of the projection. A seat surface of the projection, which fixes a vane rotor between the seat surface of the projection and an end portion of one of a drive shaft and a driven shaft, is shaped in a rotationally symmetric form that is rotationally symmetric around a rotational axis.

Abstract: A check valve part includes: a valve seat hole into which hydraulic oil flows; a valve seat formed around the valve seat hole; a lateral hole formed to have an axis intersecting an axis of the valve seat hole; and a valve body provided so as to be separated from the valve seat or abutted against the valve seat. The valve timing adjustment device further includes a back pressure oil passage that communicates a space opposite to the valve seat with respect to the valve body with the lateral hole.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuating device (10) has an energizable stationary spool element (1) having a stationary core area (2), an anchor unit (3) moveable relative to the spool elements (1) and the core area (2) and has permanent magnet elements (4) and a pestle (5) disposed on one end and having a free end section (5a) for engaging in an actuating partner, the anchor unit (3) being moveable along a longitudinal movement axis (L) in at least two actuating positions (A,B), and the actuator (10) having retaining elements (7) which are spaced apart from the core area, are permanent-magnetically flux-conductive and are formed in such a manner in a third actuating position (C) between the first and second actuating positions (A,B) for interacting with the permanent magnet elements (4) of the anchor unit (3) that the anchor unit is retained in a third actuating position (C) between the first and second actuating positions (A,B) and/or exerts a predefined force potential towards the actuating partner.

Abstract: A method for controlling a valve arrangement for an internal combustion engine, the valve arrangement including a piston arrangement comprising a piston having a piston end portion facing an inlet valve of the valve arrangement. The method includes receiving a signal indicative of a temperature level of an exhaust gas after treatment system and when the signal indicates a temperature level below a predetermined threshold level: advancing an exhaust event of the internal combustion engine; and controlling the piston arrangement for reducing the distance between the piston end portion and the inlet valve before the internal combustion engine assumes an air intake event.

Abstract: A camshaft for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine with poppet valves, comprising a main body, which is rotatable with respect to a first rotation axis, a first disk and means of the hydraulic type for varying the timing of said first disk with respect to said main body.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a remote mount for an idler gear assembly, comprising: a gear mounting plate including a plurality of bores configured to receive a corresponding plurality of fasteners to mount a gear assembly to the gear mounting plate; and an attachment bracket including a plurality of mounting openings configured to receive a corresponding plurality of bolts to mount the remote mount to a cylinder head. The gear mounting plate supports the gear assembly such that a gear of the gear assembly rotates about an axis that is parallel to an axis of a crankshaft of an engine and the attachment bracket mounts to an upper surface of the cylinder head.

Abstract: A camshaft phaser for an internal combustion engine includes a stator defining a receptacle therein. The stator includes a ring and a plurality of webs extending radially inward from the ring. The camshaft phaser also includes a rotor rotatable with respect to the stator and received inside the receptacle. The rotor includes a center section and a plurality of vanes extending radially outward from the center section. The center section abuts the webs to define chambers circumferentially between the webs. Each of the vanes is positioned in one of the chambers and sealingly engaging an inner circumferential surface of the ring. At least one of the chambers is a locking chamber and at least one the vanes is a locking vane positioned in the locking chamber. The camshaft phaser also includes a locking valve in the locking vane configured to allow fluid to enter into the locking chamber and to prevent fluid from flowing out of the locking chamber to lock the rotor with respect to the stator in a locked orientation.

Abstract: A camshaft phaser, including: an input element arranged to receive a first rotational torque and rotatable about an axis of rotation; an output element rotatable about the axis of rotation, rotatable with respect to the input element, arranged to non-rotatably connect to a camshaft, and arranged to transmit the first rotational torque to the camshaft; and a trigger wheel non-rotatably connected to the output element, arranged to identify a rotational position of the output element around the axis of rotation, and including a magnetic material with at least one segment having a first magnetic charge, and with at least one segment having a second magnetic charge, opposite the first magnetic charge.

Abstract: A method, for an internal combustion engine including an intake camshaft equipped with a variable intake valve timing device including an intake timing actuator and an exhaust camshaft equipped with a variable exhaust valve timing device including an exhaust timing actuator, of detecting inverted connection of the intake timing actuator with the exhaust timing actuator, including: measuring the angular position of the intake camshaft and the angular position of the exhaust camshaft; commanding one of the two timing actuators according to a setpoint and keeping the other of the two timing actuators immobile; measuring the angular positions of the intake camshaft and of the exhaust camshaft; and comparing: if the angular position of the camshaft corresponding to the timing actuator that's been commanded has not been modified, and if the angular position of the camshaft corresponding to the immobile timing actuator has been modified, inverted connection can be diagnosed.

Abstract: An electronic phaser system configured for use in an engine system is provided. The electronic phaser system comprises an intake camshaft, an electronic phaser and an engine control module (ECM). The intake camshaft has a plurality of camshaft lobes. The electronic phaser couples a gearbox to the intake camshaft. The electronic phaser is configured to rotationally advance the intake camshaft an amount of crank degrees to a desired rotational position. The ECM targets a desired cranking compression ratio based on one of an engine stop request and an engine start request. The ECM converts the desired cranking compression ratio into a camshaft lobe centerline position and commands the electronic phaser to rotate the intake camshaft to the desired rotational position that satisfies the camshaft lobe centerline position to achieve the desired cranking compression ratio. The desired cranking compression ratio is between 5:1 and 6:1.

Abstract: A toothed wheel forming a target for a camshaft position sensor includes a circular body provided with two opposite main faces and is provided on its circumference with teeth. The series of teeth includes eight teeth, each tooth having, for a given first direction of rotation of the wheel, a rising edge and a falling edge and two neighboring teeth being separated by a recessed part. The edges of a first type, rising or falling, are evenly distributed at the periphery of the toothed wheel. The angular length of the recessed parts is greater than or equal to arctan(Llow/R)°CAM, where R is the radius and Llow is the minimum distance between two teeth to detect a low level, except for one recessed part, and the angular length of a tooth is greater than arctan(Lhigh/R)°CAM, except for one tooth, where Lhigh is the minimum length of a tooth allowing detection.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a crankshaft, at least one camshaft adjustable electromechanically by an actuating gearing, an engine control unit, and a camshaft control unit for controlling an actuating motor which operates the actuating gearing. The engine control unit is linked to a device for detecting the angular position of the crankshaft, and the camshaft control unit is linked to the engine control unit. A device for detecting a reference position of the camshaft and a device for detecting the angular position of the shaft of the actuating motor are provided as sole mechanisms for detecting the angular position of the camshaft. The camshaft control unit is designed to determine the phase angle of the camshaft in relation to the crankshaft on the basis of the information items provided by said devices in combination with the detected angular position of the crankshaft and the transmission ratio of the actuating gearing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining which of an intake valve and an exhaust valve is to be deactivated first when an engine is operated in a variable displacement mode. In one example, an exhaust valve of the cylinder is deactivated before an intake valve of the cylinder when the engine is operated in a static variable displacement operating mode.

Abstract: There is provided a variable valve timing system including: a variable valve device; an oil control valve configured to control a hydraulic pressure with respect to the variable valve device; an external pipe connecting a main gallery and the oil control valve; and a hydraulic pressure sensor configured to detect a hydraulic pressure in an oil path formed at the crankcase. The oil control valve is disposed on one side surface of the engine in the vehicle width direction. One end portion of the external pipe is connected to one side of the main gallery in the vehicle width direction. In a bottom view of a vehicle, the one end portion of the external pipe overlaps with the crankcase, and the hydraulic pressure sensor overlaps with the crankcase on one side of the one end portion of the external pipe in the vehicle width direction.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle includes a crankshaft, a camshaft, a cylinder, a piston movably disposed in the cylinder and coupled to the crankshaft for driving the crankshaft, a first gas exchange valve which is assigned to the cylinder, a first valve clearance compensation device, where via the first valve clearance compensation device the first gas exchange valve is displaceable between a first open position and a first closed position by a first cam of the camshaft, and a control unit. The control unit is configured to align the camshaft such that the first valve clearance compensation device is pressure-loaded in the idle state of the crankshaft by a plateau area assigned to the first cam to hold the first gas exchange valve in the first open position.

Abstract: A continuously variable valve duration (CVVD) system includes a controller configured to determine whether a learning value existing in the CVVD system is required to be verified during one of a hardware abnormality, a learning value abnormality, and a motor voltage abnormality. In particular, the controller performs a learning value verification control using a rotation detection value and switches from a learning value verification control to a re-learning control when re-learning is required.

Abstract: A control method for an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine including a valve timing control mechanism on at least an intake side and configured to control an operation of the valve timing control mechanism on the intake side during acceleration, the method including, calculating a relational expression between an intake valve timing, the intake valve timing being an operation timing of an intake valve, and a cylinder air charge amount in a range in which the intake valve timing can be advanced or retarded within a predetermined calculation cycle from a current value, calculating a target air charge amount, the target air charge amount being a target value of the cylinder air charge amount during the acceleration, based on an operating state of the internal combustion engine, calculating a target value of the intake valve timing corresponding to the target air charge amount from the relational expression for each calculation cycle, and setting a command signal for the valve timing contr

Abstract: One embodiment is a system comprising an engine including a dedicated EGR cylinder configured to provide EGR to the engine via an EGR loop, a non-dedicated cylinder, a plurality of injectors structured to inject fuel into the dedicated EGR cylinder and the non-dedicated EGR cylinder, and an electronic control system operatively coupled with the fueling system and the ignition system. The electronic control system is configured to evaluate engine operating parameters including an engine load and an engine speed. The electronic control system is responsive to variation of the engine operating parameters to control operation of the fueling system to vary combustion in the at least one dedicated cylinder between rich of stoichiometric and stoichiometric.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a captive sprocket system for an engine, comprising: a sprocket including a first sprocket gear, a second sprocket gear and a retaining disc having a diameter and a thickness; a cylinder block having a bore with a central opening and a plurality of threaded bosses, the plurality of threaded bosses together forming an axial support surface and a radial location surface, the axial support surface and the radial location surface being sized to receive the retaining disc of the sprocket to support and locate the sprocket; and a plurality of captivation screws configured to be received by the plurality of threaded bosses, each captivation screw having a head with a lower surface which, when the captivation screw is received by a threaded boss, overlies the retaining disc and retains the sprocket in the bore.

Abstract: A camshaft includes, as a cam that opens and closes an exhaust valve and an intake valve, a ball cam whose protrusion amount changes according to rotation of the camshaft, wherein the camshaft has a double structure consisting of an inner shaft and an outer shaft provided in a manner that the inner shaft is helically displaced with respect to the outer shaft around an axis of the camshaft according to a rotation speed of the camshaft, and the ball cam is accommodated movably in a guide groove provided in the inner shaft and protrudes from the outer shaft, and a protrusion amount of the ball cam from the outer shaft changes when the ball cam moves in the guide groove due to the helical displacement of the inner shaft with respect to the outer shaft.

Abstract: A combined plug-sensor wheel for a camshaft is disclosed. The combined plug-sensor wheel includes a pin projecting in an axial direction of the camshaft. The pin, when inserted into the camshaft, seals the camshaft in a fluid-tight manner. According to an implementation, the combined plug-sensor wheel and the camshaft are incorporated into an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method of reducing cold start emissions in a series mode hybrid electric vehicle, including an internal combustion engine with an exhaust duct having a catalyst and a downstream oxygen sensor, an output of the combustion engine being connected to an electric generator with a power output of at least 10 kW that is connected to an electric motor which is coupled to a drive shaft of two or more wheels. The method includes detecting a cold start condition, injecting fuel into the engine such that combustion at a lambda value, ?, is achieved for which ?>1, running the engine at a speed of 1000 rpm or higher, determining if the efficiency of the catalyst reaches a first level, setting ? to about 1 after the predetermined efficiency level of the catalyst has been reached, and reducing the speed to working conditions when the catalyst efficiency reaches a second level.

Abstract: A phaser which has an offset or remote pilot valve added to the hydraulic circuit to manage a hydraulic detent switching function, in order to provide a mid-position lock for cold starts of the engine, either during cranking or prior to complete engine shutdown. The mid-position locking of the phaser positions the cam at an optimum position for cold restarts of the engine.

Abstract: A harmonic drive (1) comprises three connection elements (2, 9, 13), namely an input element (2), an output element (13) and an adjusting element (9), and an anti-twist mechanism (15) operates between the connection elements (2, 9, 13), the anti-twist mechanism comprising an anti-twist element (18), which is concentric to the connection elements (2, 9, 13) and interlockingly cooperates with one of the connection elements (9) and frictionally cooperates with one other connection element (2).

Abstract: A method and system is provided of controlling a pump having a pumping element comprising: determining, by a controller, a suspension of one or more fuel delivery events for a pumping element of the at least one pumping element; subsequent to determining the suspension of the one or more fuel delivery events, providing, by the controller, a first command to open an inlet valve of the pumping element to remove a portion of residual fluid within a pumping chamber based on pressure within the pumping chamber of the pumping element; and subsequent to providing the first command, providing, by the controller, a second command to close the inlet valve of the pumping element based on a top dead center (TDC) position of the pumping element.

Abstract: A diagnostic method for an oil piston cooling jet valve of an oil pressure system of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, including: Driving the OPCJ valve for detecting oil pressure diagnostic data if multiple enabling conditions have been met, the multiple enabling conditions including: Presence of a stationary operation of the internal combustion engine; presence of a predetermined operating range; presence of an oil temperature within a predetermined oil temperature range; prevention of a scheduled driving of the OPCJ valve for regular piston cooling; and prevention of an error of the oil pressure system. The diagnostic method further including: Determining whether an oil pressure measuring point is within a predefined oil pressure measuring point range. The invention further relates to a diagnostic device, a control unit and a motor vehicle, which are each suitable or configured for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A method includes determining a value of an operational motor current limit and setting a value of a startup current limit equal to a predetermined value in excess of the value of the operational motor current limit if a set of predetermined conditions is satisfied. The method includes determining that operation of the engine has been interrupted, operating the electric motor of the variable valve timing mechanism with a current having a magnitude that is less than or equal to the startup current limit after determining that operation of the engine has been interrupted, determining that operation of the engine has resumed, and operating the electric motor of the variable valve timing mechanism with a current having a magnitude that is less than or equal to the operational motor current limit after determining that operation of the engine has resumed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating an engine that is started via expansion stroke combustion are described. In one example, the method increases air flow through the engine during an engine stopping process so that a larger amount of air may be trapped in a cylinder that is on its expansion stroke so that greater amounts of engine torque may be provided during engine starting.

Abstract: A camshaft adjuster is produced that includes a stator and a rotor, which is rotatable relative to the stator, wherein the stator and the rotor are produced with first planar surfaces on a first end face and with second planar surfaces on a second end face, which is formed to be opposite the first end face when viewed in an axial direction and wherein the rotor and/or the stator is or are produced according to a powder-metallurgical method, The first planar surfaces and the second planar surfaces of the stator and the rotor are ground or finished, and the lateral surface of the stator and the lateral surface of the rotor are left uncalibrated.

Abstract: A compression release mechanism including a camshaft, a cam provided on the camshaft and protruding outward in a radial direction of the camshaft, a lever, of which a portion is disposed in the camshaft, a support shaft supporting the lever such that the lever is swingable between a first position and a second position relative to the camshaft, and a spring attached to the camshaft, to urge the lever toward the first position. The lever includes a cam portion configured to protrude out from the camshaft with the lever at the first position, a centrifugal weight for moving the lever toward the second position in accordance with rotation of the camshaft, and an abutment portion configured to be in abutment with an inner peripheral surface of the camshaft with the lever at the first position, and be located away from the inner peripheral surface with the lever at the second position.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for identifying abnormal exhaust valve performance of an internal combustion engine may include receiving exhaust passage temperature signals from a plurality of exhaust passage temperature sensors, each exhaust passage being fluidly connected to one or more exhaust valves of the internal combustion engine, the exhaust passage temperature signals being indicative of respective exhaust passage temperatures. The method may further include comparing one or more of the exhaust passage temperatures, identifying a caution exhaust passage temperature, from one or more of the exhaust passage temperatures, that deviates from one or more of the other one or more exhaust passage temperatures, and outputting an abnormal exhaust valve performance indication based on identifying the caution exhaust passage temperature.

Abstract: A spring retainer for a camshaft phaser is provided that includes an axially extending portion and a disk portion. The disk portion has an axially extending retention tab that is formed integrally therewith. The axially extending portion includes a torsional fixing region configured to torsionally attach a bias spring to the spring retainer. In a first installed position, the retention tab is spaced apart from a straight side of the bias spring. In a second rotationally slipped position, the retention tab is configured to be engaged with the straight side of the bias spring. The spring retainer can be utilized as a timing wheel that is configured to cooperate with a camshaft position sensor to provide an angular position of a camshaft.

Abstract: A hydraulic fluid control valve (HFCV) configured to recirculate an existing hydraulic fluid from a first hydraulic actuation chamber to a second hydraulic actuation chamber is provided. The HFCV includes a selectively movable spool assembly having an outer annulus, at least one one-way valve arranged within the outer annulus, and an inner fluid chamber configured to receive and deliver the exiting hydraulic fluid to one or both of either a sump or one of the first or second hydraulic actuation chambers. The at least one one-way valve moves in an axial direction and the outer annulus serves as an axial motion stop for the at least one one-way valve.

Abstract: An electrically-controlled variable camshaft timing (VCT) system including a sun gear, having an inner axial surface, configured to communicate torque from an output shaft of an electric motor to a gearbox assembly; and a collet sleeve having at least one slot configured to engage the output shaft of the electric motor and a relief section permitting radial-inward compression and an outer axial surface that releasably engages the inner axial surface of the sun gear such that the outer axial surface of the collet sleeve is engaged with the inner axial surface of the sun gear while an amount of torque applied to the sun gear by the output shaft is below a predetermined torque threshold and the sun gear and the collet sleeve are angularly displaced relative to each other when an amount of torque applied to the sun gear by the output shaft is at or above the predetermined torque threshold.

Abstract: The valve timing control unit includes a valve timing control mechanism that includes a driving rotary body, a driven rotary body, an electric motor and a deceleration gear each for setting the relative rotational phase of the driving rotary body and the driven rotary body, and a phase sensor unit that detects the actual phase of the driving rotary body and the driven rotary body. The valve timing control unit includes a controller that controls the electric motor to reduce a phase difference between the actual phase and a target phase, and the controller includes a swing controller that swings the target phase in vicinity of the target phase when the target phase is maintained and the actual phase having a fluctuation amount is held in a holding region, in which the fluctuation amount is less than a preset value.

Abstract: A controller for a vehicle that includes an internal combustion includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry obtains a predicted temperature outside the vehicle and estimates the viscosity of a lubricating oil based on the oil pressure and the oil temperature of the lubricating oil when the internal combustion engine satisfies a specific operation condition. When the processing circuitry determines that there is a likelihood of a cranking failure occurring in the internal combustion engine on condition that the predicted temperature is less than a threshold value that is based on the viscosity, the processing circuitry outputs a notification signal indicating that that there is a likelihood of a cranking failure occurring in the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A hydraulic camshaft adjuster (1), in which the locking system (7, 8) includes a first and a second control element (7, 8). In order to approach the middle position easily, the first control element (7) has a first and a second switching position, wherein in the first switching position a fluidic connection between the hydraulic pump (P) and a first of the two sub-chambers (B) and a fluidic connection between the other, second sub-chamber (A) and the tank (T) can be established, and in the second switching position a fluidic connection between the hydraulic pump (P) and the second of the two sub-chambers (A) and a fluidic connection between the other, first sub-chamber (B) and the tank (T) can be established, and the second control element (8) is free from different switching positions and has no influence on the flow of hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: A heat management system for air-cooled engines suitable to power yard care equipment or vehicles. The system may generally comprise an engine, a blower configured to blow ambient cooling air across the engine, and an exhaust system comprising an exhaust header and a muffler. The exhaust header has an inlet end which receives heated exhaust gas from the engine and an outlet end fluidly coupled to the muffler. An air control baffle is configured to redirect a portion of the cooling air from the blower towards the exhaust header and the muffler to enhance cooling the exhaust system. The system may further include an outermost protective shield exposed to equipment operators and an inner heat barrier or shield located between the muffler and protective shield. The system is designed to ameliorate both radiative and convective sources of heat transfer to maintain the protective shield at temperatures below established industry standards.

Abstract: Closing timing of an intake port is changed without using a variable valve timing mechanism. An electric vehicle includes an engine for electricity generation in which closing timing of an intake port maximizes intake air charging efficiency in a specific revolution speed region, a sensor which outputs a signal related to a revolution speed of the engine, a controller which drives the engine at a revolution speed based on the signal of the sensor, a requested electricity generation amount being satisfied at the revolution speed, and a motor which applies a positive or negative torque to the engine. When the engine is driven in a revolution speed region other than the specific revolution speed region, the controller uses the motor to apply a positive or a negative torque to the engine in an intake stroke to change the closing timing of the intake port to increase intake air charging efficiency.