Abstract: An internal combustion engine allows easy installment of a support that pivotally supports a rocker arm while preventing fretting wear due to rising of the support. The internal combustion engine includes the support, at least a portion of which is located in a hole of a cylinder head, a rocker arm that is pivotally supported on the support, and a ball plunger that secures the support inside the hole. The ball plunger includes a spring seat that contacts with the support, a ball that contacts with the cylinder head, and a spring interposed between the spring seat and the ball.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to eliminating the common pivot-type rocker arm and reversing the use of the valve spring in internal combustion engines. More specifically, the camshaft lobes activate a sliding valve arm to close the engine valve instead of opening it and the valve spring is used to push open the valve instead of closing it.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an expander includes a piston provided reciprocatively in a first direction in a cylinder, a crankshaft, an XY-separation crank mechanism provided between the piston and the crankshaft, which converts a reciprocating motion of the piston and a rotary motion of the crankshaft into one another, a cylinder head including an intake port and an outlet port, a suction valve which opens/closes the intake port, a discharge valve which opens/closes the outlet port, an intake-side valve mechanism which opens/closes the suction valve and an outlet-side valve mechanism which opens/closes the discharge valve. At least one of the intake-side and outlet-side valve mechanisms includes an XY separation drive mechanism.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present tracheostomy valves include a flexible diaphragm abutting a rib shaped substantially as a flat plate. Opposite the rib, the diaphragm abuts a boss and forms an uninterrupted seal therewith. As the tracheostomized patient inhales, the diaphragm bends about the rib, interrupting the seal and allowing air to flow smoothly into the valve. The features of the various embodiments contribute to a positive seal at all times except during inhalation, and low resistance to airflow through the valve during inhalation.

Abstract: A kinetically unyielding, statically compliant (KUSC) positive return valve action. In one embodiment, a guide is pivotally mounted and rotationally abuts a limiting bench. A pin mounted slidably on the guide is linked to a poppet valve, a driver positioning the pin along the guide. With the valve seated and the driver overtraveled a deflection opens up between the guide and the limiting bench that resolves the overtravel, which deflection is opposed by a forcing spring. As the valve is initially lifted, valve-lift kinetic force is buttressed against the guide mount and the limiting bench, neither of which yields. With increasing lift the pin position passes the guide mount axis to be cantilevered on the guide at maximal valve lift against valve-return kinetic force: this also is unyieldingly buttressed. The action is adjusted by positioning the limiting bench either manually or by hydraulic lash adjuster.

Abstract: A finger follower apparatus to effect opening of an engine valve includes a first member with first and second opposite ends. The first member is pivotally fixed at the first end and operatively engaged with the engine valve at the second end. A second member is slidably engaged with the first member and carries a roller for engagement with a cam.

Abstract: A desmodromic valve system which provides direct bidirectional displacement of a valve stem of an internal combustion engine without the aid of a rocker arm, utilizing a semirigid basket operating in conjunction with a plurality of cams for each valve. The basket is disposed about the camshaft of the engine and secured to the valve stem by an integral retainer on a bottom portion of the basket, and is constrained to motion along the valve stem axis. The basket has a pair of downwardly oriented cam followers in the upper portion thereof, spaced apart from the valve stem axis. A central cam and a parallel pair of side cams are fixedly mounted on the camshaft so as to rotate therewith, the cams substantially surrounded by the basket and cooperating therewith to provide reciprocating valve action with positive bidirectional drive.

Abstract: A variable valve lift system for an internal combustion engine includes a roller rocker lift mechanism and a driving mechanism. A cam and a roller of the roller rocker lift mechanism cooperate with each other to control valve lift. The roller rocker lift mechanism includes a second rocker arm, wherein one end of the second rocker arm is connected with the driving mechanism by a rotation pin so as to create a straight-line displacement of the driving mechanism; the second rocker arm is provided with a guideway in the direction of the straight-line displacement; a rocker-arm pin of the roller rocker lift mechanism is slidably set in the guideway of the second rocker. According to actual work condition of the internal combustion engine, the valve lift is regulated by a motor; and continuous variable valve lift is provided from low speed to high speed.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a valve clearance in a cylinder head using a rocker arm of a support point adjustable type. In the method, an adjustment screw is rotated in one direction until a camshaft comes in contact with a cam shaft contact section to make the amount of valve opening zero, then further rotated until the valve is released with a certain valve opening amount, and after that, rotated in a reverse direction by a certain rotation angle and accordingly loosened until a desired valve clearance value is obtained. In the process above, the method determines a first rotation angle of the adjustment screw necessary for the adjustment screw to move from a position where the valve is released with the certain valve opening amount to a position where the camshaft comes in contact with the camshaft contact section.

Abstract: A multi-cam electric valve mechanism for engine is disclosed, which comprises: a motor fixed on a cylinder; a motor shaft wherein one side of it connected to the motor and rotated accordingly and the other side of it symmetrically provided with a plurality of rotors whose shafts are perpendicular to the motor shaft; a ring-shaped cam with a plurality of wave-shaped grooves on the circumference thereof corresponding to the rotors and for setting same; a rotation-stopping lever connected to the cylinder and cam respectively to let the cam linearly move along with it; and a valve lever wherein one side of it connected to the cam and the other side of it connected to a valve.

Abstract: A mechanical desmodromic fully variable valve actuation system capable for racing revs. Valve lift and valve duration continuously variable from a maximum to zero. Independently variable valve duration and valve lift.

Abstract: Systems and methods for selectively activating and deactivating gas exchange valves in a variable displacement internal combustion engine include a rocker arm having a positioning device that opposes movement of a lash adjustment device while deactivated to position a coupling hole of the rocker arm within a desired coupling range to facilitate coupling of the rocker arm during subsequent activation of an associated engine cylinder.

Abstract: A poppet valve actuation system utilizing separate opening and closing cams that press against opening and closing cam followers, respectively. The opening and closing cam followers are linked to each other directly by a tension member so they move in unison. The valve is firmly connected to the opening cam follower. The opening and closing cam followers and valve are all collinear when viewed from the end of the cam shaft.

Abstract: A rocker arm is provided that includes a body which is comprised of a single vertical wall having an I-shape cross section and an axle that extends perpendicular from the vertical wall area for making contact with a valve and a pivot point. The pivot point for the rocker arm may be located centrally or at the end of the rocker arm that is opposite the rocker arm valve arm. An external cam follower bearing is mounted on the axle on each side of a single vertical wall. The rocker arm of the invention is characterized by a relatively reduced mass and has a stiffness that exceeds limits achieved by known prior art designs for an overhead cam and cam follower valve train; the gain in stiffness being attributed to the body's I-shape cross-section relative to conventional prior art rocker arms having a U-shape or dual vertical wall cross-section.

Abstract: A desmodromic valve and cam system is provided which is adapted to be installed into an internal combustion pushrod engine. The system includes a camshaft assembly having a plurality of removably attached cam lobes installed onto a main camshaft; a valve connector assembly installed onto a distal tip of each valve; a rocker having a valve movement end mechanically linked to a respective valve connector and a pushrod connecting end mechanically linked to an upper distal end of a pushrod; a hydraulic lifter follower assembly assigned to each valve which includes a pin disposed on a distal end thereof which is adapted to engage and track a follower groove formed on each respective cam lobe; and a pushrod assigned for each valve, each pushrod having lower distal end mechanically linked to a respective hydraulic follower lifter.

Abstract: A valve actuating assembly for opening and closing a valve includes a cam mounted on a camshaft and enclosed by a pair of rotary cam guides each of which includes a roller channel having an outer race for receiving opposed ends of a roller that extends transversely from the lowermost end of a valve lifter disposed between the cam guides with the lifter being mounted to a connecting rod. The lifter has a radius at the lowermost end for engagement with the cam during certain engine phases, and the connecting rod is pivotally attached to a rocker arm, and the rocker arm attached to a valve.

Abstract: A desmodromic “springless” valve and adjustable cam system is provided which is adapted to be installed onto a head configured for an overhead cam for an internal combustion engine having at least one intake and one exhaust valve per cylinder. The system includes a main camshaft, a cam lobe with a follower groove formed in each side of the cam, at least one intake and one exhaust valve assigned to each cylinder, a valve connector installed onto the distal tip of each valve, a hydraulic lifter assigned to each valve. The system further includes a rocker defined by a valve movement end and lifter end, wherein the valve movement end is adapted to be mechanically linked to a respective valve connector and the lifter end is adapted to be pressed against a respective piston tip by a rocker retainer. During operation (i.e.

Abstract: A thermal compensating desmodromic valve actuation system for opening and closing at least one valve of an engine having a cam assemblage and a driving mechanism for reciprocal movement operably connected to said cam assemblage. The cam assemblage includes a cam mechanism for rotational movement and the driving mechanism also being operably connected to the at least one valve of the engine to move the at least one valve between a valve closed position and a valve open position and between the open position and the closed position in a manner directly related to the rotational movement of the cam mechanism. In addition, mechanisms are provided for adjustably controlling the movement of the at least one valve in order to provide a variable amount of opening of the at least one valve in the open position, and for compensating for the thermal conditions of the engine causes valve stem elongation and contraction.

Abstract: A lobe-less cam for use in a springless poppet valve system is disclosed including a cam shaft having at least one surrounding region, at least one asymmetrical cam groove formed in the at least one surrounding region, and wherein the at least one asymmetrical cam groove has a lift portion and a descent portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mechanism for controlling the intake valve of an internal combustion engine, which mechanism is capable of consuming less energy, i.e. less oil. Through uniquely designed cam and rocker as well as joining mechanism joining the rocker and the stopper, this mechanism does not incur the spring resistance as opening the intake valve, thus the engine per se does not additionally consume energy, so that the object of reducing oil cost and promoting power output may be achieved.

Abstract: A variable valve mechanism of an internal combustion engine capable of changing at least one of two valve physical quantities, i.e., valve operation angle and valve lift, has a valve lift adjustment mechanism that adjusts the at least one valve physical quantity with a higher precision in a region where the at least one valve physical quantity is relatively small than in a region where the at least one valve physical quantity is relatively large. Therefore, a size increase of the variable valve mechanism can be avoided, and the mechanism can easily be incorporated into the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having at least one combustion cylinder that includes a combustion chamber provided with gas-exchange valves, and an electrohydraulic valve control device having valve actuators that actuate the gas-exchange valves. To reduce manufacturing costs and/or the installation space required for the electrohydraulic valve control device, at least two synchronously controlled gas-exchange valves are connected using a coupling element to a common valve actuator, and the connection sites of the gas-exchange valves are flexibly formed on the coupling element.

Abstract: The cam follower with roller according to the present invention includes a cam follower body having a roller supporting portion integrally formed therein, a supporting shaft of which both ends are fixed to the roller supporting portion, and a roller rotatably supported to the supporting shaft with a plurality of needle rollers interposed. At least one of the supporting shaft, needle roller and roller is formed of heat-resisting steel, and the both ends of the supporting shaft is caulked to be fixed to the supporting portion.

Abstract: A valve timing system for an internal combustion engine having a roller finger follower assembly including a lash adjustment mechanism. The roller finger follower assembly includes a base arm and a roller carriage that may be assembled to each other in a range of positions. The roller carriage supports a camshaft contact roller that may be moved by an adjustment mechanism to cause the camshaft contact roller to be contacted by the lobe of a camshaft in a range of angular relationships. The roller finger follower assembly includes a lash pin having a central section that is contoured to provide a secondary lash adjustment.

Abstract: In a set of heads for the cylinders of internal combustion engines with desmodromic valve operation, each head comprises an assembly of one or two inlet valves, and an assembly of one or two exhaust valves, so as to form heads with two, three and four valves. The assembly of inlet valves is positioned at an angle to the assembly of exhaust valves. The two assemblies are actuated through respective rockers by a single camshaft located substantially along the line running centrally between the two assemblies. The inlet duct and the exhaust duct are located in the same position within the head and have the same connections to the induction and exhaust systems in all the two-, three- and four-valve versions.

Abstract: A two-cylinder overhead-valve V-engine has two cylinders arranged so as to form a V-bank (S). Each cylinder is provided with push rods (15, 16) for operating an intake valve rocker arm (12) and an exhaust valve rocker arm (13). The push rods (15, 16) of each cylinder extend gradually away from each other toward a valve rocker arm chamber. An air intake passage is formed between the push rods (15, 16) in the cylinder head (3) of each cylinder. An air intake port (24) is formed in the cylinder head (3) so as to open into the V-bank (S). The air intake port (24) of each cylinder head (3) is connected by the air intake passage formed in the V-bank (S) to a carburetor disposed in the V-bank (S). A water jacket outlet (25) is formed near the air intake port (24) in a part of the cylinder head (3) in between the push rods(15,16). The water jacket outlets (25) of the cylinder heads (3) are connected by a cooling water passage adjacent to the air intake passage.

Abstract: A desmodromic drive (30) for imparting reciprocal translation to a valve (32) has a cam ring (52) that rotates about an axis (42), a follower (50) that reciprocates with axial motion as the ring rotates, an endless cam track (69) on the ring, and rollers (76, 78) on the follower that ride along the cam track as the ring rotates. A follower guide (48) guides the follower for axial. Rollers (60, 62) constrain the follower against rotation on the follower guide.

Abstract: A rocker arm assembly having an adjustably located cam roller that permits modification of valve timing for an internal combustion engine. An adjustment control shaft having an adjustment cam operates through a linkage to move the cam roller along the rocker arm and relative to the cam shaft of the engine.

Abstract: A springless poppet valve system is provided. The system includes a poppet valve movable between an open position and a closed position. The system includes an open cam and a close cam. An open rocker arm is provided which engages the open cam. The open rocker arm is operatively connected to the poppet valve so as to move the valve from the closed position to the open position. A close rocker arm is provided which engages the close cam. The close rocker arm is operatively connected to the poppet valve so as to move the valve from the open position to the close position. An open hydraulic lifter is pivotally connected to the open rocker arm. A close hydraulic lifter is pivotally connected to the close rocker arm.

Abstract: A desmodromic cam driven variable valve timing (VVT) mechanism includes dual rotary opening and closing cams for actuating a rocker mechanism that drives valve actuating oscillating cams. The dual rotary cam drive positively actuates the rocker mechanism in both valve opening and valve closing directions and thus avoids the need to provide return springs as required in prior cam driven mechanisms to bias the mechanisms toward a valve closed position. A variable ratio slide and slot control lever drive as well as a back force limiting worm drive for the control shaft are combined with the desmodromic cam mechanism to provide additional system advantages.

Abstract: A rotary-to-linear converter for use with a valve actuation device having a linear reciprocating cam shaft having longitudinally extending cam grooves that are engaged by captive cam followers which oscillate up and down in response to sideways reciprocation of the camshaft for actuating intake or exhaust valves of internal combustion engines or other devices employing reciprocating pistons and valves. The camshaft is caused to reciprocate by a rotary linear converter of the “yankee” type composed of double helix channel at the extreme end of the camshaft and a rotary drive collar having two sets of diametrically opposed guide members. The guide members comprise dogs which are rotatably engaged with the drive collar and slidably engaged with the double helix channel of the cam shaft.