Abstract: A stratified charge combustion system is disclosed for use in a gaseous fuel internal combustion engine. The stratified charge combustion system comprises a combustion chamber, an ignition source in communication with the combustion chamber, and a gaseous fuel injection valve assembly in communication with the combustion chamber and in spaced relationship from the ignition source. An entry port for the gaseous fuel defined by the valve assembly is recessed outside the combustion chamber, and a transitional surface that curves away from the direction of fuel injection is located adjacent the entry port. When gaseous fuel is injected, it strikes the transitional surface at such an angle and speed that it clings to and follows the transitional surface under the Coanda Effect and then aerodynamically clings to and follows a wall of the combustion chamber as the gaseous fuel flows to the ignition source.

Abstract: A stratified-charge cross-flow scavenged two-stroke cycle spark-ignition engine (1) includes a piston (2) having a raised crown (6) with a baffle (7) and chamfered sides (8, 9) and reciprocal in a cylinder (3) between a combustion chamber (4) and a crankcase (5). Transfer passage structure is disclosed wherein a pair of elongated scavenging air passages (17, 18) extend between the crankcase and combustion chamber on opposite sides of a shorter fuel-air transfer passage (11). A pair of scavenging air inlet ports (20, 21) in the combustion chamber are adjacent the fuel-air inlet port (12) therebetween and substantially distally opposite the exhaust port (16). The scavenging air inlet ports face the baffle at its edges along the chamfered sides of the piston crown.

Abstract: A stratified-charge two-stroke cycle scavenged spark-ignition engine 1 includes a piston (2) reciprocal in a cylinder (3) between a combustion chamber 4 and a crankcase (5). A carburetor (17) is mounted to the crankcase substantially coaxially with the piston to afford narrow engine design. An elongated scavenging air passage (14) extends between the crankcase and the combustion chamber and has a length substantially greater than that of a fuel-air transfer passage (7), and the height of piston (2), to reduce fuel mixture in the scavenging air passage and afford substantially only air at an air inlet port (16), which port is between fuel-air mixture inlet port (8) and exhaust port (13).

Abstract: An engine comprising one pair of scavenge ports alternately covered and uncovered by a piston, a richer air-fuel mixture and a leaner air-fuel mixture being separately fed into the cylinder from the scavenge ports, the richer air-fuel mixture flowing into the cylinder towards the inner wall thereof, located opposite the exhaust port, and the leaner air-fuel mixture flowing into the cylinder so that it overlays the richer air-fuel mixture.

Abstract: A method for operating a two-cycle internal combustion engine wherein in the scavenging stroke the air-fuel mixture charged into the cylinder forms a stratum adjacent to a piston and the stratum of the air-fuel mixture is made into contact with the stratum of the residual gases remote from the piston. Alternately, in the scavenging stroke the rich mixture is first charged into the cylinder immediately above the piston and then the lean mixture is charged into the cylinder immediately above the piston so that the strata of the lean and rich mixtures and the residual gases may be formed in the order named from a portion close to the piston within the cylinder. The decomposition of part of the air-fuel mixture or the rich air-fuel mixture is caused by the heat contained in the residual gases so that the chemically activated radicals are produced.

Abstract: In a crankcase scavenged two-stroke internal combustion engine, a duct and at least one further passage extends between the crankcase chamber and the combustion chamber. There is a fuel/air mixture port leading into the duct and a pure air port leading into the duct or the crankcase chamber. The passage exits into the combustion chamber between the exit into that chamber from the duct and an exhaust port leading out of the combustion chamber. In operation fuel enters the combustion chamber in the air of the fuel/air stream entering the duct and air is additionally pushed into the combustion chamber by the downward movement of the piston through the passage and the duct. The fuel is separated from the exhaust port by a layer of air leading to better fuel consumption and higher oxidation combustion products.

Abstract: A two-cycle internal combustion engine includes a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder and a crankcase pump. The crankcase pump is divided into a first chamber and a second chamber by a membrane. At least one respective transfer passage connects each of the respective chambers to the cylinder. Inlets are provided for admitting pure air into the first chamber and for admitting carbureted air into the second chamber. Devices are provided for opening that one of the transfer passages communicating between the cylinder and the first chamber first and thereafter for opening the one of the transfer passages communicating between said cylinder and said second chamber during operation of the engine.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle engine is provided with valveless exhaust and inlet ports in a cylinder wall. A piston is mounted for reciprocal movement in the cylinder. A precombustion chamber is formed in the piston, which communicates with the combustion chamber above the piston by a relatively large aperture adapted to receive the end of a spark plug. When the piston is at the bottom of its stroke, pressurized fresh air is supplied through the inlet ports for purposes of scavenging the combustion chamber and filling it with fresh air. There is also provided means for forcing a charge of rich fuel-air mixture into the precombustion chamber. The aperture providing communication between the precombustion chamber and the combustion chamber is sufficiently large that a desired amount of fuel can be ejected into the combustion chamber. During the compression stroke of the piston, the fuel-air mixtures in the precombustion chamber and in the combustion chamber are compressed.

Abstract: A four stroke cycle internal combustion engine is presented having a sustained power stroke which results from a delayed mixing of a stratified charge. Use of delayed mixing of an overall stoichiometric air-fuel mixture results in formation of a low amount of the oxides of nitrogen. Delayed mixing of the stratified charge is achieved by placement of a Helmholtz resonator cavity in the head or closed end of each combustion chamber. The Helmholtz resonator cavity communicates with the main combustion chamber via a narrow slot made around the periphery of the top end of the chamber. On the intake stroke of each engine cylinder, the main chamber is filled with a slightly fuel rich gaseous charge while the companion Helmholtz resonator cavity is filled with air. During the compression stroke some of the rich air-fuel mixture is forced into the resonator cavity via the communicating slot. At or near TDC, the air-fuel mixture in the main chamber is ignited.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine which operates under Otto cycle during starting, idle and low load operations and which operates on a diesel cycle during high load operations. A first combustion chamber is formed in the head of an internal combustion engine and is smaller in diameter than the second combustion chamber formed by the containing surfaces of the piston and cylinder below the head. An air swirl is created in the second chamber through the intake valve, and as the piston reaches top dead center, the swirl is transferred to the first combustion chamber. Ignition means is provided in the first combustion chamber. A fuel injector is provided in the first combustion chamber and directs fuel against the direction of the swirling air for forming a stratified fuel charge around the ignition means for operating the engine on the Ott cycle during start, idle and low load operation.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston internal combustion machine is provided in which the components are designed and constructed in a manner to give complete combustion by providing a stratified charge which is mixed early in the combustion process.

Abstract: In operation of an internal combustion engine, a lamina of air is introduced into the combustion chamber to line the wall thereof, the fuel being admitted into the interior of the lamina of air. The air lamina may be introduced along a cylinder wall through an annular valve which encompasses an inlet and an exhaust valve, and a secondary air flow may take place through the exhaust valve to a position adjacent the exhaust valve. In an alternative, air is admitted annularly about a fuel inlet valve. In a two-stroke engine, air entering the combustion chamber is driven by the incom fuel mixture to form a lamina which lines the wall of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber associated with each piston and connected by a torch opening. A lean mixture is supplied to the main combustion chamber and a rich mixture is supplied to the auxiliary combustion chamber. After compression, ignition of the mixture in the auxiliary combustion chamber projects a flame through the torch opening to burn the lean mixture in the main combustion chamber. In order to prevent an over-rich mixture developing in the auxiliary combustion chamber upon rapid acceleration of the engine, correction devices and systems are employed to reduce the ratio of air intakes or to supply secondary air during such rapid acceleration. Such correction systems and devices may be rendered inoperative during initial startup of the engine.

Abstract: A mixture compressing external auto-ignited four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, with charge stratification, has the largest portion of the fuel charge supplied to the main combustion chamber as a lean fuel mixture through at least one inlet valve. The remaining portion of the charge is supplied to an auxiliary combustion chamber as a rich fuel mixture through at least one additional mixture inlet. Also provided is an ignition chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber connected thereto through at least one opening. The opening is small compared to the size of the ignition chamber in which a sparkplug is arranged. The volume of the ignition chamber is dimensioned in relation to the volume of the auxiliary combustion chamber so that during ignition of the rich fuel mixture a stable flame zone is formed.

Abstract: A carburetor having a main intake passage for a lean mixture and an auxiliary intake passage for a rich mixture is provided with a choke valve in each passage. A control mechanism for operating the two choke valves includes a lost-motion connection so that the main choke valve is at the first to be moved toward closed position, for cold starting of the engine. For colder temperatures, both choke valves are moved toward closed position, and for very cold starting conditions, both choke valves are moved to fully closed position. The control mechanism may be manually operated or it may be automatic under the control of a bimetal element. When the engine on being started reaches a state of complete firing, with stable RPM, both choke valves are opened to predetermined pull-down angles.

Abstract: A first choke valve is mounted in a main intake passage carrying a lean mixture to a main combustion chamber, and a second choke valve is mounted in an auxiliary intake passage carrying a rich mixture to a relatively small auxiliary chamber. Spark ignition of the mixture in the auxiliary combustion chamber projects a flame through a torch nozzle connecting the chambers to ignite the lean mixture in the main combustion chamber. Control of the main choke valve for moderately cold starting or extremely cold starting is accomplished automatically by means of a control element driven by a heat responsive bimetal element, or by means of a manually operated control element. In either case, overtravel of the control element after the main choke valve closes stores energy in a spring to increase closing torque of the main choke valve, and also moves the auxiliary choke valve toward closed position, to improve engine startability under extremely cold conditions.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with means for creating a vortical stratified charge in a preferably axisymmetric combustion chamber which may be conical in shape. Excessive mixing of rich and lean mixtures, which make up the stratified charge, is avoided by first admitting a homogeneous lean mixture on the intake stroke through a swirl port to develop a vortical motion and subsequently admitting a rich air-fuel mixture toward the end of the intake stroke directed so as to form a swirling pattern of rich mixture around the spark plug. Means are provided for directing and timing the admission of lean and rich mixtures.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns an internal combustion spark ignition engine including a cylinder; a reciprocating piston in said cylinder and defining a combustion chamber therewith; dividing means for dividing the combustion chamber into a main and an auxiliary section, said auxiliary section being in communication with only the main section, an orifice in said dividing means for connecting the said sections, the volumes of the main and auxiliary sections and the size of the orifice being selected to be such that, during a compression cycle, part of the combustible mixture of air and fuel enters into the auxiliary section in such a manner as to cause great turbulence therein, and a spark plug provided in the auxiliary section for causing ignition.

Abstract: A spark ignition engine of the carburetor single chamber type stratified charge combustion system wherein air and rich mixture are supplied successively by the same path, comprising a barrier arranged in the combustion chamber for directing the intake gas flow, said barrier projecting from the wall of the combustion chamber into the interior of the combustion chamber, whereby the air and rich mixture are positively stratified in the order in which they are drawn into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A jet ignition internal combustion engine of the type provided with separate induction passages for lean and rich air-fuel mixtures wherein the main inlet valve mounts a cup like member forming an auxiliary ignition chamber within the main combustion chamber. The rich mixture is supplied to the auxiliary chamber through the hollow stem of the main inlet valve, flow being controlled by a small auxiliary valve within the main valve and actuated by the same valve gear. Openings in the wall of the valve-carried ignition chamber connect with spark ignition means and with the main combustion chamber to provide for spark ignition of the rich ignition chamber mixture and resultant jet ignition of the lean mixture in the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: An article for defining an auxiliary compartment for providing accelerated initial warm-up of the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and thereafter providing for continuous transfer of heat to the walls of the combustion chamber to prevent overheating of the article. The article has a central tubular heat-receiving portion with one end closed and the opposite end open in a generally cup-shaped configuration with a mounting flange provided around the rim of the open end, and a heat output portion of preferably annular configuration provided around the outer periphery of the closed end region. An aperture is provided in the closed end for communicating the interior region of the central portion with the engine combustion chamber. In one embodiment the article is sized and shaped such that the heat output portion is in contact with adjacent portions of the combustion chamber wall to provide continuous transfer of heat from the closed end of the cup to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is designed to improve burning of the fuel therefor for reducing the harmful emissions in the exhaust gases thereof. An auxiliary combustion chamber is provided in the cylinder head being arranged to open toward the center of the cylinder through an orifice. A lean mixture fuel is introduced into a main combustion chamber formed by the cylinder walls, the cylinder head and the forward face of a piston reciprocable therein through a suction port curved for causing the lean mixture to swirl in one direction about the outer part of the main combustion chamber, and a rich mixture is introduced just in advance of a suction valve in said suction port which opens and closes communication between the suction port and the main combustion chamber upon actuation in a manner to swirl in a direction opposite to the lean mixture and near the center of the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: A stratified-combustion type internal combustion engine wherein a rich fuel-air mixture passage and an air passage both open into the main combustion chamber. A pre-combustion chamber is located adjacent to the main combustion chamber and communicates therewith by means of a connecting port which communicates with the main combustion chamber adjacent to the opening of the rich fuel-air mixture passage, whereby the rich fuel-air mixture is supplied to and burnt within the pre-combustion chamber.

Abstract: A choke valve control device is provided for an internal combustion piston engine in which each cylinder is provided with a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber connected by a torch nozzle. A first carburetor supplies lean mixture to the main chamber and a second carburetor supplies rich mixture to the auxiliary chamber, and each carburetor is provided with a choke valve. The choke valve of the first carburetor may be automatically operated by means of a bimetal element or may be manually actuated. Both choke valves are provided with biasing means tending to move them toward closed position, respectively, and each is provided with valve opening means responsive to engine operation.

Abstract: An internal combustion piston engine has one or more cylinders each having a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber connected by a torch nozzle. Exhaust gases from the main chamber are used to heat the intake mixture for the auxiliary combustion chamber. Contiguous thin wall pipes, one carrying hot exhaust gases and one carrying a rich mixture for the auxiliary chamber, are both enclosed within a thick wall outer housing. A riser for the auxiliary intake pipe is also enclosed within said housing. The thin wall exhaust pipes join an exhaust chamber secured to the thick wall housing at a central location to minimize deformations caused by thermal expansion.

Abstract: A system capable of accommodating extremely lean mixtures and operating with greatly reduced engine emissions and good fuel consumption. The system is applicable to "L" head, "F" head and "OHV" engines. A combustion chamber is used which encloses at a broad end a deep pocket offset from the cylinder and in which at least part of one valve is disposed. A narrow shallow end of the combustion chamber lies directly above the piston and is surrounded on three sides by a narrow but long squish area. No restriction exists between the two portions of the chamber. A first spark plug is disposed to fire into the chamber at a point in the narrow end of the chamber overlying the piston. A second spark plug fires into the chamber at a point spaced from the cylinder but adjacent the valves, in or near the broad end of the chamber. Means are provided to produce sequential firing of the spark plugs.

Abstract: A two-cycle engine system of the crankcase precompression type comprising the combination of a first engine, a second engine and a combustion chamber provided with an ignition plug constructed in such a manner that the second engine is mounted in parallel and adjacent to the first engine with the combustion chamber interconnecting the first and second engines, whereby the construction becomes very compact. A rich air-fuel mixture is supplied into the combustion chamber through the second engine for ignition and a lean mixture (or air) is supplied into the first engine for scavenging and combustion so that the system provides a very compact design as well as a satisfactory performance in the reduction of the amount of harmful components in the exhaust gases.