Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a gear worm (12) which is located in particular on an armature shaft (14) of an electromotive drive unit (10), wherein firstly a worm gear (20) having screw flanks (22) axially opposite one another on a longitudinal axis (18) is formed by means of a rolling tool, and subsequently a groove structure (24) which is concentric about the longitudinal axis (18) is formed on the screw flanks (22) by means of an additional process step. The invention also relates to a gear worm (12) produced according to the method according to the invention, and to a transmission drive unit (10) containing such a gear worm (12).

Abstract: An automated self-service machine for the selective sharpening of ice skate blades utilizes a pair of actuating mechanisms that operate a sharpening device. The sharpening device is disposed within a base and accessible only when activated. A user wearing the ice skate blade to be sharpened steps onto the base and inserts the ice skate blade within a slot where the sharpening blade resides. A control system is configured to enable a user to interface with it to provide the activation of the sharpening device and to enable financial transactions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to abrasives surfaces located on an outer diameter of a grinding wheel to provide grinding characteristics of both coarse and fine abrasive textures. The grinding wheel has a coarse abrasive portion located at one disclosure uses a transition band formed at an interface between the abrasive surfaces, that has an abrasive coating with a gradual change in texture from a coarse surface to a fine surface.

Abstract: A method and a system are provided for automatically dressing a grinding wheel used to grind workpieces. A workpiece is scanned to determine dimensions of the workpiece. A computer-readable dimensions datafile is generated containing the dimensions of the workpiece. A processor electronically compares the dimensions of the workpiece with reference or desired dimensions to obtain comparison results, and generates a computer-readable comparison datafile containing the comparison results. The processor transmits the comparison datafile containing the comparison results to a CNC controller, which utilizes the comparison results to control a shaping tool used to shape or dress the grinding wheel so that the grinding wheel produces workpieces having the reference or desired dimensions.

Abstract: A crystal orientation detecting apparatus for detecting a crystal orientation of a nonlinear optical crystal substrate includes a laser beam applying unit applying a linearly polarized laser beam to a surface of the nonlinear optical crystal substrate, a harmonic detecting unit detecting a harmonic produced from the nonlinear optical crystal substrate due to a nonlinear optical effect, a recording unit recording the relationship between the angular displacement through which the plane of polarization of the laser beam and the nonlinear optical crystal substrate are rotated relatively to each other, and the intensity of the harmonic, and a crystal orientation detecting unit detecting the crystal orientation of the nonlinear optical crystal substrate based on the recorded relationship.

Abstract: Provided is a formed rotary dresser that has regions in which diamond abrasive grains are scattered and arranged on an outer circumferential surface thereof brought into contact with a grindstone, and slit regions in which the diamond abrasive grains are not arranged on the outer circumferential surface thereof. The plurality of slit regions are provided to be inclined with respect to a rotational axis. A plurality of octahedral diamond abrasive grains are arranged along downstream edges of the slit regions in a rotating direction such that any face of an octahedron is parallel with the outer circumferential surface.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for grinding grooves on workpieces using a profiled grinding wheel, the profile of which is crushed. A reshaping crush process includes driven crush rollers, each being controlled on the basis of a rotational speed and current consumption. Thus, relative advancement between the grinding wheel and crush roller is controlled according to the speed and current consumption. A grinding machine is also disclosed for grinding a workpiece, wherein the workpiece is held by means of a workpiece spindle head. A crush device comprising a crush roller with a dedicated rotary drive is provided on the grinding machine. The grinding wheel is applied to the crush roller in order to dress the grinding wheel profile. The crush roller has a profile-crushing portion for profile-crushing the grinding wheel with a first dressing volume and a reshaping profile-crushing portion for profile-crushing the grinding wheel with a second dressing volume.

Abstract: A machining unit for a program-controlled machine tool. In particular, a spindle device for a program-controlled machine tool including a spindle housing; a working spindle which is mounted in the spindle housing in a rotatable manner about a spindle axis and which includes a clamping device for clamping a tool interface that is inserted in a tool receiving section of the spindle device and is configured to hold a milling or boring tool; and a sensor device which is arranged on the spindle housing and which includes at least one structure-borne sound sensor configured to detect structure-borne sounds or vibrations occurring during grinding operations.

Abstract: A grinding apparatus has a support frame and first and second carriages horizontally displaceable on the frame. Respective first and second workpiece spindles are each capable of holding and rotating a workpiece and are vertically displaceable on the first and second carriages. Respective first and second grinders on the frame carry respective first and second grinding wheels and are oriented to engage and machine workpieces held and rotated by the workpiece spindles. One of the grinders is movable horizontal or vertically on the frame.

Abstract: A grinding machine for machining workpieces includes a workpiece headstock and two grinding headstocks. A first grinding headstock has two grinding spindles each with one grinding wheel for grinding first and second planar and non-planar external surfaces. A second grinding headstock has a grinding spindle having a grinding wheel for grinding a central bore in the workpiece, and a clamping device to clamp the workpiece. First, the bore and the first planar and any non-planar external surface are ground on one side of the workpiece. Then, the workpiece is clamped in the bore. The second planar external surface can then be ground in the same grinding machine with one of the grinding wheels of the first headstock. The clamping device attached to the second grinding headstock is such that the central axis of the clamping device is exactly aligned with the central axis of the workpiece headstock.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cutting apparatus including a moving unit for moving a spindle to position a cutting blade, a rotary dressing mechanism for rotating a dressing grindstone on a rotational shaft parallel to the spindle, and an optical sensor for detecting the position of the outer periphery of the dressing grindstone. The cutting blade is positioned with respect to the rotary dressing mechanism depending on the position, detected by the optical sensor, of the outer periphery of the dressing grindstone, and the cutting blade is dressed by cutting into the dressing grindstone by a predetermined cutting distance.

Abstract: A method for dressing a honing tool using a dressing tool which during the dressing operation rolls at an axial intersection angle with the honing tool. The teeth thereof which move into engagement with the teeth of the dressing tool each have an upper face which is to be dressed and tooth flanks which are also to be dressed.

Abstract: A rotary dresser includes a cored bar, an electroformed layer, and superabrasive grains fixed to an outer circumferential surface of the electroformed layer, and a plurality of island regions in which a plurality of superabrasive grains is gathered is provided at certain intervals. Since a plurality of the island regions in which a plurality of the superabrasive grains is gathered is provided at certain intervals, the same degree of dressing accuracy can be obtained as in a case in which expensive large superabrasive grains are fixed at a low density using cheap and small superabrasive grains, it is possible to decrease the contact area of a single superabrasive grain, and favorable cutting quality can be obtained.

Abstract: The device for polishing optical lenses includes a lens holder; a device for positioning the lens holder; and a device for rotating the lens holder about an axis. There is also a polishing tool; a tool holder; a device for positioning the tool holder; and a device for rotating the tool holder about an axis. The device for polishing also includes a ball joint arranged between a shaft secured to the tool holder and the device for positioning the tool holder, or between a shaft secured to the lens holder and the device for positioning the lens holder, so as to enable a spherical movement of the polishing tool and of the lens. The invention also relates to a method for polishing using the device according to the invention.

Abstract: A bearing comprising a plurality of rolling elements arranged between an inner and outer raceway thereof. A rolling contact interface is between a first rolling contact surface on at least one rolling element and a second rolling contact surface formed by one of the inner and outer raceways. The first rolling contact surface has a first RMS roughness Rq1 and a first roughness pattern ?1, expressed in terms of the Peklenik number ?. The second rolling contact surface has a second RMS roughness Rq2 and a second roughness pattern ?2. To minimize micropitting in the bearing, the rolling contact interface has a surface topography wherein (a) the roughness pattern of the first and second rolling contact surfaces are oriented in the direction of rolling, whereby ?1?3.0 and ?2?10.0; and (b) the first and of the second rolling contact surfaces have substantially equal roughness heights, whereby 0.8?Rq1/Rq2?1.25.

Abstract: A finishing device includes a finishing tool having a grinding face and a finishing-tool holder configured to hold the finishing tool. The finishing-tool holder is movably guided on a pivot support which is pivotable about a pivot axis. A force-generating apparatus is configured to generate a pressing force, by means of which the grinding face of the finishing tool is pressed against a workpiece to be machined. The force-generating apparatus is arranged on a mounting apparatus for pivotally mounting the pivot support. A force-transmitting apparatus is configured to transmit the pressing force from the force-generating apparatus to the finishing-tool holder.

Abstract: A truing device is supported so as to be elastically movable in the Z-axis direction, which is parallel to a grinding wheel rotational axis, and elastically movable in the X-axis direction in which a grinding wheel cuts into the truing device, and includes a movement restriction device that controls prohibition and permission of elastic movement. The method includes: causing a surface of the grinding wheel to contact the truing device in the X-axis direction; and correcting a shape of the grinding wheel when the grinding wheel cuts into the truing device until the amount of elastic movement of the truing device in the X-axis direction reaches a first predetermined amount, by controlling the movement restriction device to prohibit elastic movement of the truing device, and thereafter causing the grinding wheel to further cut into the truing device in the X-axis direction by a second predetermined amount.

Abstract: A grinding machine includes: a grinding wheel of which movement in an X direction and a Z direction is controlled and that grinds a workpiece; and a truing unit that is installed at a predetermined position and that trues a machining surface of the grinding wheel. The truing unit includes: a movable table that is installed to be movable in the X direction relative to a support member; a truer that is rotatably installed in the movable table and that trues the machining surface of the grinding wheel; and an X-direction pressing mechanism that presses the truer in the X direction along with the movable table.

Abstract: A rotary dresser is provided with a roll having an outer circumferential surface which includes an arc portion or inclined portion differing in diameter in dependence on the axial position thereof, and a plurality of diamond abrasive grains embedded on the outer circumferential surface of the roll. The number of the diamond abrasive grains in the circumferential direction is fixed even at any axial position on the outer circumferential surface of the roll.

Abstract: Full profile dressing roll (1) for dressing multi-start grinding worms for the generation grinding of small-module gears, comprising a groove-shaped axial section profile of the outer envelope surface (2), covered with hard material grains, and profile-cut hard-material profile combs (3) embedded in this envelope surface and having a multi-ribbed rack tooth system profile, the profile of which touches the outer envelope surface (2) of the dressing roll (1) only in sections of the axial section profile of the dressing roll (1) which do not participate in the generation of the grinding worm flanks. As a result, the profile sections, highly stressed during the dressing, at the crest and root of the profile grooves (4) are protected from high wear and premature grain loss and the service life of the dressing roll is effectively increased without the inhomogeneity of the flank surface of the dressing roll (1) being disturbed by the profile combs (3).

Abstract: A truing and dressing machine for profiling an abrasive wheel. The truing and dressing machine includes a truing wheel assembly for positioning the truing wheel relative to an abrasive wheel mounted on an abrasive wheel spindle. The truing wheel assembly includes a truing wheel swivel located between a truing wheel spindle housing and a reciprocation slide that is attached to an infeed slide. An infeed slide swivel is located between the infeed slide and a bottom support swivel plate which is rotatably connected to a base plate. Utilization of both an infeed slide swivel and a truing wheel swivel allows for dressing both sides and the face of the abrasive wheel without having to remove, flip, and reinsert the abrasive wheel into the machine.

Abstract: A method of producing a grinding wheel is provided. An outer profile of an outer surface of the grinding wheel is formed with a rotary dresser element, so that the outer profile corresponds to a dressing profile of the rotary dresser element. An inner profile of an inner surface of the grinding wheel is formed with the rotary dresser element, so that the inner surface corresponds to the dressing profile of the rotary dresser element.

Abstract: A wheel truing apparatus adapted for use in a cylindrical grinding machine wherein a work head with a work spindle for support of a workpiece and a wheel head with a grinding wheel for grinding the workpiece are mounted on a bed for relative movement in a Z-axis direction parallel with the rotation axis of the work spindle and in an X-axis direction crossing the Z-axis direction, characterized in that the wheel truing apparatus comprises a rotary drive portion mounted on the work head or a member united therewith, and a wheel truing tool supported on the rotary drive portion for rotation therewith, the wheel truing tool being provided at its outer periphery with a truing portion for truing a grinding surface of the wheel brought into contact therewith, wherein the rotary drive portion is placed in a position adjacent to said work head in a tooling area defined by a stroke of the relative movements of said wheel head and said work head in the Z-axis direction and apart from said work spindle radially outward a

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and machine for the dressing of a grinding tool (1), which has at least one tooth-shaped profile (2) with a first flank (3) and an opposing second flank (4). A disk-shaped dressing tool (5) used for dressing of the grinding tool (2) has a first abrasive area (6) and a second abrasive area (7). To allow a faster and thus more economical dressing of the grinding tool, the first abrasive area (6) contacts the first flank (3) and the second abrasive area (7) contacts the second flank (4) simultaneously, and the disc-shaped dressing tool (5) and/or the grinding tool (1) are pivoted relatively to another around an axis (A) being arranged perpendicular to the axis of rotation (C) of the grinding tool (1), so that both flanks (3, 4) are dressed simultaneously.

Abstract: A truing and dressing machine for profiling an abrasive wheel. The truing and dressing machine includes a truing wheel assembly for positioning the truing wheel relative to an abrasive wheel mounted on an abrasive wheel spindle. The truing wheel assembly includes a truing wheel swivel located between a truing wheel spindle housing and a reciprocation slide that is attached to an infeed slide. An infeed slide swivel is located between the infeed slide and a bottom support swivel plate which is rotatably connected to a base plate. Utilization of both an infeed slide swivel and a truing wheel swivel allows for dressing both sides and the face of the abrasive wheel without having to remove, flip, and reinsert the abrasive wheel into the machine.

Abstract: A method of producing a grinding wheel is provided. An outer profile of an outer surface of the grinding wheel is formed with a rotary dresser element, so that the outer profile corresponds to a dressing profile of the rotary dresser element. An inner profile of an inner surface of the grinding wheel is formed with the rotary dresser element, so that the inner surface corresponds to the dressing profile of the rotary dresser element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and machine for the dressing of a grinding tool (1), which has at least one tooth-shaped profile (2) with a first flank (3) and an opposing second flank (4). A disk-shaped dressing tool (5) used for dressing of the grinding tool (2) has a first abrasive area (6) and a second abrasive area (7). To allow a faster and thus more economical dressing of the grinding tool, the first abrasive area (6) contacts the first flank (3) and the second abrasive area (7) contacts the second flank (4) simultaneously, and the disc-shaped dressing tool (5) and/or the grinding tool (1) are pivoted relatively to another around an axis (A) being arranged perpendicular to the axis of rotation (C) of the grinding tool (1), so that both flanks (3, 4) are dressed simultaneously.

Abstract: A truing tool for truing an essentially cylindrical grinding worm that is arranged on the tool spindle of a machine suitable for the continuous generation grinding in the tangential- and diagonal process. The truing tool comprises an essentially cylindrical gear wheel (6) having an abrasive coating on the surface that is active during truing to profile the flanks of the grinding worm (3) and an essentially cylindrical roll (7) having an abrasive coating on its circumferential surface to adapt the diameter of the addendum circle of the grinding worm. The gear wheel (6) and the roll (7) can be connected axially and torsion-resistantly to the work piece spindle (1) of the machine.

Abstract: A grinding apparatus for grinding a spline ball groove on a workpiece comprises a rod-shaped grindstone, having a distal end portion with a curved surface corresponding to the groove to be ground, and a spindle mechanism for rotating the grindstone. The spindle mechanism and the grindstone are supported by means of a supporter in a manner such that they are inclined at a given angle to an axis of the workpiece. A rotary dresser, which has a dress groove corresponding to the curved surface of the distal end portion of the grindstones is disposed near the grinding apparatus. The grindstone can be reciprocated along the axis of the workpiece by a drive mechanism between the workpiece and the dresser without changing its angle of inclination.

Abstract: A grinding apparatus for grinding a spline ball groove on a workpiece comprises a rod-shaped grindstone, having a distal end portion with a curved surface corresponding to the groove to be ground, and a spindle mechanism for rotating the grindstone. The spindle mechanism and the grindstone are supported by means of a supporter in a manner such that they are inclined at a given angle to an axis of the workpiece. A rotary dresser, which has a dress groove corresponding to the curved surface of the distal end portion of the grindstone, is disposed near the grinding apparatus. The grindstone can be reciprocated along the axis of the workpiece by a drive mechanism between the workpiece and the dresser without changing its angle of inclination.

Abstract: The invention provides a machining center for machining a workpiece by moving a grinding wheel and the workpiece relative to each other in the X, Y and Z directions. The machining center has a main spindle for removably mounting a grinding wheel, a spindle head for rotationally supporting the main spindle, a table for mounting the workpiece, a column for movably supporting the spindle head, and tool dressing means having a dresser spindle, provided over the spindle head to move in the vertical direction toward and away from the grinding wheel mounted to the main spindle, for mounting a dresser for truing or dressing the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel.

Abstract: A polishing apparatus comprise a lower surface plate rotatably provided and having a polishing surface for polishing an object, and an upper surface plate for pressing the object against the lower surface plate, wherein the polishing surface can be dressed by a dresser comprising a dressing member approachable to and separable from the polishing surface, the dressing member having a dressing surface to be brought into contact with the polishing surface, the dressing surface being shaped as a hollow oval.

Abstract: A forming device (100) for bevelling includes a base (102), a rail (104), a workbench (106) and a bar (108). A pair of support arms (114) extends upwardly from the base. An axle (120) is received in pivot holes (118) defined in the support arms. One end of the rail is fixedly connected with the axle. The workbench rests on the rail, and is slidably moveable along the rail. A beveller (132) is fixedly installed in a top surface of the workbench. The bar is fixedly connected to an opposite end of the rail. The bar includes a large bar (134) abutting the support plate, and a coaxial small bar (136). The rail can be adjusted to allow the forming device to bevel at an angle of less than one degree, by placing one or a combination of standard gauges between the small bar and the base.

Abstract: The invention relates to a conditioning device (1) for grinding wheels (2) for machining the edge areas of plate-shaped objects, such as, for example, glass panes or the like, for which the grinding wheels (2), in a conditioned state, have at least one circumferential groove (3) each, which, at least in a partial section, tapers off towards the grinding wheel center. To provide such a conditioning device with which the conditioning of such grinding wheels is possible in an easy way and at any time and any place, the conditioning device has to have a cross section adapted to the cross section of the groove to be achieved, wherein the width of the conditioning device basically corresponds to the width of the groove(s) and the length orientation from one lateral end to the other lateral end of the conditioning device is configured in accordance with the depth orientation from one side edge to the other side edge of the groove(s) with growing length at increasing depth to be achieved.

Abstract: The invention applies to a process and rotary point crush truer device to dress grinding wheels with profiled working surfaces with a rotary truer where the grinding wheel and rotary truer to whose surfaces are applied a material of greater hardness than the grinding wheel to be dressed, allowing the grinding wheel and rotary truer to run with the same circumferential speed and, at the same time, the grinding wheel and the rotary point crush truer device to press together under high pressure. It is the task of the invention to create a possibility of a simple means to avoid the abrasion in the above mentioned process of crush dressing with different surface speeds between the grinding wheel and the rotary truer, and thus to achieve long tool life of the dressing tool.